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Articles 32131 - 32160 of 39352
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Is There An Antipredator Blood-Squirting Defense In The Bull Horned Lizard, Phrynosoma Taurus?, George Middendorf
Is There An Antipredator Blood-Squirting Defense In The Bull Horned Lizard, Phrynosoma Taurus?, George Middendorf
Department of Biology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Filarial Genomics, Steven A. Williams
Filarial Genomics, Steven A. Williams
Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Patterns Of Fitness And Fluctuating Asymmetry Across A Broad Hybrid Zone, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Patterns Of Fitness And Fluctuating Asymmetry Across A Broad Hybrid Zone, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
We estimated levels of developmental instability in leaves, as indicated by fluctuating asymmetry (i.e., random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry), across a broad hybrid zone between two taxa in the Piriqueta caroliniana complex. Previous studies have indicated that this hybrid zone was initiated in southern Florida and has expanded northward. We found that plants from the hybrid zone generally had higher levels of leaf developmental instability than plants from allopatric regions, but the increase in asymmetry was not substantial. Although it is usually assumed that developmental instability is associated with lower fitness, these Piriqueta hybrids from central Florida are similar …
Law, Evolution, And The Brain: Applications And Open Questions, Owen D. Jones
Law, Evolution, And The Brain: Applications And Open Questions, Owen D. Jones
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This essay discusses several issues at the intersection of law and brain science. If focuses principally on ways in which an improved understanding of how evolutionary processes affect brain function and human behavior may improve law's ability to regulate behavior. It explores sample uses of such "evolutionary analysis in law" and also raises questions about how that analysis might be improved in the future. Among the discussed uses are: 1) clarifying cost-benefit analyses; 2) providing theoretical foundation and potential predictive power; 3) assessing comparative effectiveness of legal strategies; and 4) revealing deep patterns in legal architecture. Throughout, the essay emphasizes …
The Yeast Rrna Biosynthesis Factor Ebp2p Is Also Required For Efficient Nuclear Division, Costin N. Ionescu, Sofia Origanti, Michael A. Mcalear
The Yeast Rrna Biosynthesis Factor Ebp2p Is Also Required For Efficient Nuclear Division, Costin N. Ionescu, Sofia Origanti, Michael A. Mcalear
Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications
Molecular genetic analysis of the yeast Ebp2 protein has revealed that it is an essential, nucleolar protein that functions in the rRNA biosynthesis pathway. Temperature-sensitive ebp2-1 mutants are defective in the processing of the 27 SA precursor rRNA, and the point substitutions that disrupt this activity cluster towards the central, more highly conserved region of the Ebp2 protein. We report here that other ebp2 mutants exhibit deficiencies associated with defects in chromosome segregation. Yeast cells bearing a 50 amino acid C-terminal truncation allele (ebp2ΔC50) display a slow-growth phenotype and exhibit an increased percentage of cells with …
Evaluating Forensic Dna Evidence, Dan E. Krane
Evaluating Forensic Dna Evidence, Dan E. Krane
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Forensic Dna Evidence: Collection, Mixtures, And Degradation, Dan E. Krane
Forensic Dna Evidence: Collection, Mixtures, And Degradation, Dan E. Krane
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Relationship Among Genes Conferring Partial Resistance To Leaf Rust (Puccinia Triticina) In Wheat Lines Ci 13227 And L-574-1, Jeffrey Lehman
Relationship Among Genes Conferring Partial Resistance To Leaf Rust (Puccinia Triticina) In Wheat Lines Ci 13227 And L-574-1, Jeffrey Lehman
Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
This study describes the segregation of genes for resistance to the fungus Puccinia triticina in a cross between partially resistant wheat lines L-574-1 and CI 13227 with two and four genes for resistance, respectively. The objectives of this study were to use parental, F1, F2, and backcross populations to quantify maternal effects, degree of dominance, and transgressive segregation, and to determine whether CI 13227 and L-574- 1 share any resistance genes for long latent period or small uredinia. In two experiments conducted in the greenhouse, the uppermost leaf of adult wheat plants was inoculated prior to heading with P. triticina. …
Two Drosophila Suppressors Of Cytokine Signaling (Socs) Differentially Regulate Jak And Egfr Pathway Activities, Jason S. Rawlings, Gabriela Rennebeck, Susan M.W. Harrison, Rongwen Xi, Douglas A. Harrison
Two Drosophila Suppressors Of Cytokine Signaling (Socs) Differentially Regulate Jak And Egfr Pathway Activities, Jason S. Rawlings, Gabriela Rennebeck, Susan M.W. Harrison, Rongwen Xi, Douglas A. Harrison
Biology Faculty Publications
BACKGROUND: The Janus kinase (JAK) cascade is an essential and well-conserved pathway required to transduce signals for a variety of ligands in both vertebrates and invertebrates. While activation of the pathway is essential to many processes, mutations from mammals and Drosophila demonstrate that regulation is also critical. The SOCS (Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling) proteins in mammals are regulators of the JAK pathway that participate in a negative feedback loop, as they are transcriptionally activated by JAK signaling. Examination of one Drosophila SOCS homologue, Socs36E, demonstrated that its expression is responsive to JAK pathway activity and it is capable of downregulating …
Skeletal Muscle Fiber Atrophy: Altered Thin Filament Density Changes Slow Fiber Force And Shortening Velocity, Danny A. Riley, J. L. W. Bain, Janell Romatowski, Robert H. Fitts
Skeletal Muscle Fiber Atrophy: Altered Thin Filament Density Changes Slow Fiber Force And Shortening Velocity, Danny A. Riley, J. L. W. Bain, Janell Romatowski, Robert H. Fitts
Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications
Single skinned fibers from soleus and adductor longus (AL) muscles of weight-bearing control rats and rats after 14-day hindlimb suspension unloading (HSU) were studied physiologically and ultrastructurally to investigate how slow fibers increase shortening velocity (V0) without fast myosin. We hypothesized that unloading and shortening of soleus during HSU reduces densities of thin filaments, generating wider myofilament separations that increase V0 and decrease specific tension (kN/m2). During HSU, plantarflexion shortened soleus working length 23%. AL length was unchanged. Both muscles atrophied as shown by reductions in fiber cross-sectional area. For AL, the 60% atrophy …
A Comparison Of Behavioural Change In Drosophila During Exposure To Thermal Stress, Angel G. Fasolo, Robert A. Krebs
A Comparison Of Behavioural Change In Drosophila During Exposure To Thermal Stress, Angel G. Fasolo, Robert A. Krebs
Biological, Geological, and Environmental Faculty Publications
In order to understand how adaptive tolerance to stress has evolved, we compared related species and populations of Drosophila for a variety of fitness relevant traits while flies directly experienced the stress. Two main questions were addressed. First, how much variation exists in the frequency of both courtship and mating among D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. mojavensis when each are exposed to a range of temperatures? Second, how does variation in these same behaviours compare among four geographically isolated populations of D. mojavensis, a desert species with a well defined ecology? Our hierarchical study demonstrated that mating success under …
Correction [To Maurakis And Grimes Article, V. 54, #3&4]
Correction [To Maurakis And Grimes Article, V. 54, #3&4]
Virginia Journal of Science
This page is a correction to an article by Eugene G. Maurakis and David V. Grimes: Predicting Fish Species Diversity in Lotic Freshwaters of Greece, published in Virginia Journal of Science Volume 54, numbers 3 and 4. Amended table 2a owed to a printing corruption.
Subterranean Loss And Gain Of Water In Mountain Lake, Virginia: A Hydrologic Model, Martin Jansons, Bruce C. Parker, Jacob E. Waller
Subterranean Loss And Gain Of Water In Mountain Lake, Virginia: A Hydrologic Model, Martin Jansons, Bruce C. Parker, Jacob E. Waller
Virginia Journal of Science
Mountain Lake, Virginia is a small, unique, oligotrophic, subalpine ecosystem in the southern Appalachians. Previous studies have disclosed that this lake has manifested periodic prolonged low water levels during the several thousand years of its existence. The most recent low water level occurred during the drought years of 1999-2002. Measurements of lake level, precipitation, and other meteorological data including calculated evapotranspiration in the lake basin from 2/19/02 to 8/31/03 have enabled estimation of net subterranean water losses presumably through cracks between Clinch sandstone boulders and/or the recently discovered deep hole at the northwest end of Mountain Lake. These net losses …
Germination Of Silene Regia Seeds From Four Sites In Lawrence County, Illinois, Following Scarification Or Stratification, Nicolette L. Flocca, Janice M. Coons, Henry R. Owen, Brian J. Fischer, Bob E. Edgin
Germination Of Silene Regia Seeds From Four Sites In Lawrence County, Illinois, Following Scarification Or Stratification, Nicolette L. Flocca, Janice M. Coons, Henry R. Owen, Brian J. Fischer, Bob E. Edgin
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Silene regia Sims is an endangered prairie forb in Illinois where small isolated colonies are scattered. In La·wrence County, two sites (Allison Prairie and Chauncey Marsh) have fewer plants (6-23) than two other sites (Cmmty Road and Cemetery) with 26-45 plants. Information on seed germination in these isolated colonies is needed. Our goal was to evaluate seed germination of S. regia from colonies in Lawrence County, illinois. S. regia fruits were collected from these four sites on August 9 and 19, 1999. Seeds were scarified by cutting the seed coat, or they were stratified at 2 C for 12 or …
Evidence That Thyroid Hormone Induces Olfactory Cellular Proliferation In Salmon During A Sensitive Period For Imprinting, Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Evidence That Thyroid Hormone Induces Olfactory Cellular Proliferation In Salmon During A Sensitive Period For Imprinting, Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Biological Sciences
Salmon have long been known to imprint and home to natal stream odors, yet the mechanisms driving olfactory imprinting remain obscure. The timing of imprinting is associated with elevations in plasma thyroid hormone levels, with possible effects on growth and proliferation of the peripheral olfactory system. Here, we begin to test this idea by determining whether experimentally elevated plasma levels of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) influence cell proliferation as detected by the 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) cell birth-dating technique in the olfactory epithelium of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). We also explore how natural fluctuations in thyroxine (T4) …
Renesting Decisions And Annual Fecundity Of Female Dickcissels (Spiza Americana) In Illinois, Jeffrey W. Walk, Kevin Wentworth, Eric L. Kershner, Eric K. Bollinger, Richard E. Warner
Renesting Decisions And Annual Fecundity Of Female Dickcissels (Spiza Americana) In Illinois, Jeffrey W. Walk, Kevin Wentworth, Eric L. Kershner, Eric K. Bollinger, Richard E. Warner
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
ABSTRACT.-Renesting decisions and annual fecundity are crucial for interpreting other demographic information, yet are infrequently reported. We used radiotelemetry to monitor female Dickcissels (Spiza americana) throughout the 1999 and 2000 breeding seasons in southeastern Illinois. Overall fecundity (regardless of whether females remained in the study area throughout the breeding season) was 0.61 ± 0.13 female fledglings per year. Of females that remained within the study area, 94% fledged young (1.25 ± 0.15 female fledglings per year). Most females (62%) that experienced nest failure emigrated from the study area (moved >10 km) in 2.8 ± 0.6 days; others (36%) initiated subsequent …
Renesting Decisions And Annual Fecundity Of Female Dickcissels (Spiza Americana) In Illinois, Jeffrey Walk, Kevin Wentworth, Eric Kershner, Eric Bollinger, Richard Warner
Renesting Decisions And Annual Fecundity Of Female Dickcissels (Spiza Americana) In Illinois, Jeffrey Walk, Kevin Wentworth, Eric Kershner, Eric Bollinger, Richard Warner
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
ABSTRACT.-Renesting decisions and annual fecundity are crucial for interpreting other demographic information, yet are infrequently reported. We used radiotelemetry to monitor female Dickcissels (Spiza americana) throughout the 1999 and 2000 breeding seasons in southeastern Illinois. Overall fecundity (regardless of whether females remained in the study area throughout the breeding season) was 0.61 ± 0.13 female fledglings per year. Of females that remained within the study area, 94% fledged young (1.25 ± 0.15 female fledglings per year). Most females (62%) that experienced nest failure emigrated from the study area (moved >10 km) in 2.8 ± 0.6 days; others (36%) initiated subsequent …
Germination Of Silene Regia Seeds From Four Sites In Lawrence County, Illinois, Following Scarification Or Stratification, Nicolette Flocca, Janice Coons, Henry Owen, Brian Fischer, Bob Edgin
Germination Of Silene Regia Seeds From Four Sites In Lawrence County, Illinois, Following Scarification Or Stratification, Nicolette Flocca, Janice Coons, Henry Owen, Brian Fischer, Bob Edgin
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Silene regia Sims is an endangered prairie forb in Illinois where small isolated colonies are scattered. In La·wrence County, two sites (Allison Prairie and Chauncey Marsh) have fewer plants (6-23) than two other sites (Cmmty Road and Cemetery) with 26-45 plants. Information on seed germination in these isolated colonies is needed. Our goal was to evaluate seed germination of S. regia from colonies in Lawrence County, illinois. S. regia fruits were collected from these four sites on August 9 and 19, 1999. Seeds were scarified by cutting the seed coat, or they were stratified at 2 C for 12 or …
Complete Genomic Sequence Of Bacteriophage B3, A Mu-Like Phage Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Michael D. Braid, Jennifer L. Silhavy, Christopher L. Kitts, Raul J. Cano, Martha M. Howe
Complete Genomic Sequence Of Bacteriophage B3, A Mu-Like Phage Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Michael D. Braid, Jennifer L. Silhavy, Christopher L. Kitts, Raul J. Cano, Martha M. Howe
Biological Sciences
Bacteriophage B3 is a transposable phage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this report, we present the complete DNA sequence and annotation of the B3 genome. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the B3 genome is 38,439 bp long with a G+C content of 63.3%. The genome contains 59 proposed open reading frames (ORFs) organized into at least three operons. Of these ORFs, the predicted proteins from 41 ORFs (68%) display significant similarity to other phage or bacterial proteins. Many of the predicted B3 proteins are homologous to those encoded by the early genes and head genes of Mu and Mu-like prophages found …
Facultative Altitudinal Movements By Mountain White-Crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia Leucophrys Oriantha) In The Sierra Nevada, Thomas P. Hahn, Keith W. Sockman, Creagh W. Breuner, Martin L. Morton
Facultative Altitudinal Movements By Mountain White-Crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia Leucophrys Oriantha) In The Sierra Nevada, Thomas P. Hahn, Keith W. Sockman, Creagh W. Breuner, Martin L. Morton
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Mountain White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) winter in Mexico and often arrive in the vicinity of their breeding grounds in the Sierra Nevada well before nesting is possible. Arrival at Tioga Pass, Califomia (elevation 3,030 m), usually occurs in early May, but residual winter snow and adverse weather can delay nesting for weeks. We used radiotelemetry to determine whether prebreeding Mountain White-crowned Sparrows engaged in weather-related altitudinal movements during the waiting period between the end of spring migration and onset of breeding during 1995-2001, with a range of residual winter snowpacks. Interannual variation in arrival date and onset …
The Signal Peptide Of The Junín Arenavirus Envelope Glycoprotein Is Myristoylated And Forms An Essential Subunit Of The Mature G1-G2 Complex, Joanne York, Victor Romanowski, Min Lu, Jack H. Nunberg
The Signal Peptide Of The Junín Arenavirus Envelope Glycoprotein Is Myristoylated And Forms An Essential Subunit Of The Mature G1-G2 Complex, Joanne York, Victor Romanowski, Min Lu, Jack H. Nunberg
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Arenaviruses comprise a diverse family of rodent-borne viruses that are responsible for recurring and emerging outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fevers worldwide. The Junin virus, a member of the New World arenaviruses, is endemic to the pampas grasslands of Argentina and is the etiologic agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. In this study, we have analyzed the assembly and function of the Junin virus envelope glycoproteins. The mature envelope glycoprotein complex is proteolytically processed from the GP-C precursor polypeptide and consists of three noncovalently associated subunits, G1, G2, and a stable 58-amino-acid signal peptide. This tripartite organization is found both on virions …
Nest-Building And Spawning Behaviors In Nocomis Effusus (Actinopterygii: Cyprindae), Eugene G. Maurakis, George E. Maurakis
Nest-Building And Spawning Behaviors In Nocomis Effusus (Actinopterygii: Cyprindae), Eugene G. Maurakis, George E. Maurakis
Virginia Journal of Science
Spawning behavior in Nocomis effusus is described from direct observations and review of videotapes made in Yellow Creek (Cumberland River drainage), Tennessee in 2003. Nest construction (i.e., excavating a concavity, forming a platform, and building a mound), and spawning behavior in N. effusus where a single breeding male excavates a pit and spawns with females on the upstream slope of his nest is like that described for Nocomis asper and Nocomis biguttatus. In digging a spawning pit, a male N. effusus reshapes and reorganizes substrate materials that results in spawning areas on the upstream slope of the nest composed …
Growth Of Stygobitic (Orconectes Australis Packardi) And Epigean (Orconectes Cristavarius) Crayfishes Maintained In Laboratory Conditions, Ann-Simone Cooper, Robin L. Cooper
Growth Of Stygobitic (Orconectes Australis Packardi) And Epigean (Orconectes Cristavarius) Crayfishes Maintained In Laboratory Conditions, Ann-Simone Cooper, Robin L. Cooper
Biology Faculty Publications
This study reports on maintenance and growth of the cave crayfish, Orconectes australis packardi, and the epigean crayfish, Orconectes cristavarius, with laboratory conditions for 1 and 2 years. The O. a. packardi survived well compared to the O. cristavarius in captivity. The poor survival of the epigean species was probably due to unsuitable conditions. The epigean as well as the cave crayfish molted and grew in captivity, but without any significant difference in molt frequency between species. In the first year, total body length was obtained to assay growth, whereas in the second year the more accurate measure …
Review: 'A Spirituality Of Dating, Love, Dinner, And The Divine', William P. Roberts
Review: 'A Spirituality Of Dating, Love, Dinner, And The Divine', William P. Roberts
Theology and Religious Studies Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Asymmetric Atp Binding And Hydrolysis Activity Of The Thermus Aquaticus Muts Dimer Is Key To Modulation Of Its Interactions With Mismatched Dna, Edwin Antony, Manju M. Hingorani
Asymmetric Atp Binding And Hydrolysis Activity Of The Thermus Aquaticus Muts Dimer Is Key To Modulation Of Its Interactions With Mismatched Dna, Edwin Antony, Manju M. Hingorani
Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications
Prokaryotic MutS and eukaryotic Msh proteins recognize base pair mismatches and insertions or deletions in DNA and initiate mismatch repair. These proteins function as dimers (and perhaps higher order oligomers) and possess an ATPase activity that is essential for DNA repair. Previous studies of Escherichia coli MutS and eukaryotic Msh2−Msh6 proteins have revealed asymmetry within the dimer with respect to both DNA binding and ATPase activities. We have found the Thermus aquaticus MutS protein amenable to detailed investigation of the nature and role of this asymmetry. Here, we show that (a) in a MutS dimer one subunit (S1) binds nucleotide …
Novel Weapons: Invasive Success And The Evolution Of Increased Competitive Ability, Ragan M. Callaway, Wendy M. Ridenour
Novel Weapons: Invasive Success And The Evolution Of Increased Competitive Ability, Ragan M. Callaway, Wendy M. Ridenour
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
When introduced to new habitats by humans, some plant species become much more dominant. This is primarily attributed to escape from specialist consumers. Release from these specialist enemies is also thought by some to lead to the evolution of increased competitive ability, driven by a decrease in the plant's resource allocation to consumer defense and an increase in allocation to size or fecundity. Here, we discuss a new theory for invasive success – the “novel weapons hypothesis”. We propose that some invaders transform because they possess novel biochemical weapons that function as unusually powerful allelopathic agents, or as mediators of …
Improved Phase Modulation For An En-Face Scanning Three-Dimensional Optical Coherence Microscope, Barbara M. Hoeling, Mary E. Peter, Daniel C. Petersen, Richard C. Haskell
Improved Phase Modulation For An En-Face Scanning Three-Dimensional Optical Coherence Microscope, Barbara M. Hoeling, Mary E. Peter, Daniel C. Petersen, Richard C. Haskell
All HMC Faculty Publications and Research
We have previously described an inexpensive method for modulating the interferometer of an en-face scanning, focus-tracking, three-dimensional optical coherence microscope (OCM). In this OCM design, a reference mirror is mounted on a piezoelectric stack driven at a resonance frequency of about 100 kHz. We perform a partial discrete Fourier transform of the digitally sampled output fringe signal. In the original design, we obtained the amplitude of the backscattered light by summing the powers in the fundamental (1ω) and first harmonic (2ω) of the modulation frequency. We used the particular piezoamplitude that eliminates the effects of interferometer phase drift. However, as …
Biology Department Publications: 2004, Sam Lindgren
Biology Department Publications: 2004, Sam Lindgren
Biology Department Bibliographies
This document is a noncomprehensive list of publications made by graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and faculty members in the Biology Department in 2004. It indexes those publications available through major databases, and serves as an archival record of the Department’s robust scholarly contributions.
Human Stick Balancing: Tuning Lèvy Flights To Improve Balance Control, Juan Luis Cabrera, John Milton
Human Stick Balancing: Tuning Lèvy Flights To Improve Balance Control, Juan Luis Cabrera, John Milton
WM Keck Science Faculty Papers
State-dependent, or parametric, noise is an essential component of the neural control mechanism for stick balancing at the fingertip. High-speed motion analysis in three dimensions demonstrates that the controlling movements made by the fingertip during stick balancing can be described by a Lévy flight. The Lévy index, , is approximately 0.9; a value close to optimal for a random search. With increased skill, the index does not change. However, the tails of the Lévy distribution become broader. These observations suggest a Lévy flight that is truncated by the properties of the nervous and musculoskeletal system; the truncation decreasing as skill …
Identification And Inactivation Of Genetic Loci Involved With Lactobacillus Acidophilus Acid Tolerance, M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Eric Altermann, Rebecca L. Hoover- Fitzula, Raul J. Cano, Todd R. Klaenhammer
Identification And Inactivation Of Genetic Loci Involved With Lactobacillus Acidophilus Acid Tolerance, M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Eric Altermann, Rebecca L. Hoover- Fitzula, Raul J. Cano, Todd R. Klaenhammer
Biological Sciences
Amino acid decarboxylation-antiporter reactions are one of themost important systems for maintaining intracellular pH betweenphysiological limits under acid stress. We analyzed the Lactobacillusacidophilus NCFM complete genome sequence and selected fouropen reading frames with similarities to genes involved withdecarboxylation reactions involved in acid tolerance in severalmicroorganisms. Putative genes encoding an ornithine decarboxylase,an amino acid permease, a glutamate -aminobutyrate antiporter,and a transcriptional regulator were disrupted by insertionalinactivation. The ability of L. acidophilus to survive low-pHconditions, such as those encountered in the stomach or fermenteddairy foods, was investigated and compared to the abilitiesof early- and late-stationary-phase cells of the mutants bychallenging them with …