Digital Commons Network^™

Mammals Of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge And Surrounding Harney County, Oregon, John E. Cornely, Leslie N. Carraway

Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist

Malheur National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), located in southeastern Oregon, is part of the National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) of the United States. Currently, NWRS includes more than 568 NWRs, 38 Wetland Management Districts, and 5 Marine National Monuments. Malheur NWR, like a majority of the refuges in the NWRS, was established for the conservation of migratory birds. Many of these NWRs also provide significant habitat for mammals. Malheur NWR, one of the oldest (established 1908) and largest refuges in the system, is one of those with significant habitat for mammals. In addition to the refuge, we have included Harney County, …

Pollination And Essential Oil Production Of Lavandula Angustifolia Mill. (Lamiaceae), Riley B. Jackson, Tyler M. Wilson, Joseph S. Wilson, Zabrina Ruggles, Lindsey Topham Wilson, Chris Packer, Jacob G. Young, Christopher R. Bowerbank, Richard E. Carlson

Biology Faculty Publications

Lavandula angustifolia Mill., lavender, is an aromatic plant in the Lamiaceae family. Lavender, which is native to the Mediterranean region but cultivated throughout the world, is an important economic plant. Several studies have investigated two aspects of this aromatic plant: (1) which pollinators, particularly bees, pollinate lavender, and (2) the composition of lavender essential oil. However, little research has been conducted to investigate how pollination affects either the yield or phytochemistry of lavender. The current study, which was conducted in North America, investigates which bee species visit lavender and how pollination affects plant chemistry, specifically the essential oil produced by …

Exploring The Ancestry And Mutational Signatures Of Free-Breeding Dogs From Chernobyl And The Galápagos Islands, Gabriella Jean Spatola

Theses and Dissertations

Two free-breeding dog populations, one in Chernobyl, Ukraine, and the other on the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, exist on opposite sides of the globe, yet both hold unique scientific potential to further our understanding of free-breeding dog population dynamics and evolutionary processes related to their environments. In the following studies, blood samples from more than 400 individual Chernobyl dogs were collected and their genomes were analyzed alongside over 1500 purebred and 200 global free-breeding dogs, describing genetic relationships and the extent of admixture with purebred migrants. Importantly, the sampled Chernobyl dogs had long-term exposures to ionizing radiation because of the 1986 …

Hybrid Penstemon Flowers: Colors, Pigments, And Detectability & Experimental Teaching: Evaluating The Impact Of Active Learning, Josh Thomas Edward Stevens

Theses and Dissertations

Shifts to different primary pollinators are often accompanied by changes in suites of floral traits. Understanding how and why these floral adaptations evolve is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Within the genus Penstemon, the transition from bee-pollinated to hummingbird-pollinated flowers is a common evolutionary pattern. These pollinator shifts have caused several closely related species to exhibit distinct pollination syndromes. One example of this evolutionary phenomenon can be seen within the sister species P. eatonii (hummingbird-pollinated) and P. laevis (bee-pollinated). These two species form several hybrid zones, in which hybrid individuals exhibit colors resembling both parental species, along with a …

Investigating The Immunomodulatory Effects Of Cdk8/19 Inhibitor Senexin631 In A Her2-Positive Breast Cancer Model, Stephen O'Rourke

Theses and Dissertations

HER2-positive (HER2⁺) breast cancer is aggressive and often develops resistance to anti-HER2 therapies. CDK8 and CDK19, transcription-associated cyclin-dependent kinases (tCDKs) in the Mediator complex, are dysregulated in HER2⁺ breast cancer, correlate with poor survival, and support transcriptional escape driving therapeutic resistance. Previous studies Previous studies in immune-deficient models demonstrated that CDK8/19 inhibition (CDK8/19i) reduces pro-tumor macrophages (M2Φs), but its role in immune-competent tumors and innate immune–mediated tumor control remains unclear. Since HER2⁺ tumors are often immunogenic and anti-HER2 therapies rely on innate immune activation, reprogramming immunosuppressive M2Φ toward an M1Φ-like phenotype could enhance antitumor immunity. We hypothesized that CDK8/19i modulates …

Blue Light Is A Key Factor In Regulating Stomatal Movement, Transpiration Rate And Aba Metabolism Under Varying Vapour Pressure, Sheona Noemi Innes, Sara Brunborg Jakobsen, Rikke Bryn Røsåsen, Haider Ali, Knut Asbjørn Solhaug, Jorunn Elisabeth Olsen, Sissel Torre

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and blue light (BL) are import signals for stomatal regulation and highly relevant during cultivation of economically important crops such as cucumber in controlled environments. However, the information about combined effects of VPD and BL and the regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) in this respect, is limited and seems to vary between species. This study investigated how moderate (1.12 kPa) or low (0.28 kPa) VPD combined with 5% or 30% BL affect the foliar ABA metabolism, transpiration rate, nutrient uptake, and growth in well-watered cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus ‘Quatro’). Additional BL, regardless of VPD, resulted in …

Contextual Approach To Improve Problem Solving Skills In Ipas Subject At Elementary School: A Study Development Of Teaching Materials, Nur Hidayah, Sumarno Sumarno, Joko Siswanto

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

The objective of this study is to assess the validity, practicality, and efficacy of instructional materials. We refer to this research as research and development, with a focus on the creation of teaching materials. The research design proposed by Borg and Gall consists of six steps: identification of potential and difficulties, data collecting, product design, design validation, design revision, and product trial. The utilized instruments comprise expert and practitioner validity sheets, teacher and student response surveys, and validation sheets for teaching materials and modules, as well as pretest and posttest questions. Experts performed the validity assessment, attaining a score of …

The Effort To Improve Students’ Problem-Solving Ability: Physics E-Modules For High School Students, Hidayatullah Hana Putra, Edi Supriana, Nasikhuddin Nasikhuddin, Annisa U. Yana, Suhailee Sohnui

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Physics teachers in Indonesia still face obstacles during learning, such as students who are less active and have difficulty in solving physics problems. The physics learning media used are also still not very interesting and are not based on authentic problem solving. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of PBL-based e-modules on work and energy to improve the physics problem-solving abilities of high school students. This research and development used the ADDIE design and was tested on 90 high school students in High School 1 Sumber Pucung Malang in the 2022/2023 academic year. The questionnaire instrument was used in …

Differentiated Teaching Module Using Problem Solving Model: Numerical Ability Of Elementary School Students, Risa Alifatin, Agus Sutono, Ida Dwijayanti

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study aims to develop a differentiated teaching module using the problem-solving model that is valid, practical, and effective to improve students' numerical abilities. This study uses the ADDIE Model research and development approach. The sample in this study was class III of elementary school Tenggulangharjo as an experimental class totaling 22 students and class III of elementary school Karangtengah as a control class totaling 19 students. Data analysis used the t-test and N-Gain test. The study found that (1) the average validity score of the three parts of the Differentiated Teaching Module was 3.74, which is 93.62%, placing it …

Ethnoscience-Based Science Learning Through Composite Board Making Utilizing Eggshell Waste And Water Hyacinth Fiber (Eichornia Crassipes), Asep Khaidir Arpan, Yulia Sukmawardani, Pina Pitriana, Ade Yeti Nuryantini

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

The demand for boards continues to increase every year, while overexploitation of wood leads to environmental degradation and forest loss. On the other hand, eggshell and water hyacinth waste continues to grow without optimal utilization. This research aims to make composite boards based on eggshell waste and water hyacinth fibers and analyze the potential of ethnoscience in science learning. This research used a qualitative descriptive method with a literature and documentation study approach. The materials used in this experiment are eggshell waste, water hyacinth fiber, and polyester resin. The composite board was made by mixing water hyacinth fiber and eggshell …

Analysis Of Students' Creative Thinking Skills In Learning Hydrocarbons By Using Daily Life-Based Practicum Method, Yenni Kurniawati, Laras Dyaz Handayani, Dea Ramadani, Nurhikmah Sari

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Creative thinking skill is a competence of the 21st century that is needed very much and needs to be increased by utilizing chemistry in life. This research aimed at analyzing student creative thinking skills in experimental and control groups and finding out the effect of the daily life-based practical work learning method on student creative thinking skills. This research was conducted in the eleventh grade at High School 1 Pekanbaru on the hydrocarbon lesson. The quasi-experimental method was used in this research with pretest-posttest and non-equivalent control group designs. The instruments used in this research were essay tests, observation, and …

Exploring Students’ Perceptions Of Science Laboratory Practices: A Comparative Study Between Rural And Urban Schools, Safrida Dwiningsih, Ina Lestari, Roma Ismi, Sri Wahyu Rahmadina, Masdalena Sinaga, M. Rahmad

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study aims to analyze students' perceptions of the implementation of science laboratory practicums at public middle school 020 Pekanbaru and public middle school 7 Pangkalan Kuras, Riau Province. Using a quantitative survey method, this study involved 75 student respondents. The instrument used was a questionnaire consisting of 26 statements, analyzed descriptively. The results show that students' perceptions of the preparation, implementation, and conclusion stages of the practicum fall into the "good" category, with urban schools having a higher percentage. In conclusion, the implementation of practicums in urban schools is better than in rural schools, bringing attention to the need …

Digital Comic Learning Media (E-Comic) To Increase Student Learning Interest In Reaction Rate Material At High School, Berliana Afsohin Nabila, Achmad Lutfi

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study aims to develop digital comic learning media that is effective in increasing students' interest in learning about reaction rate material, focusing on the media's validity, practicality, and overall effectiveness. This research utilizes the research and development method with the ADDIE model. Research instruments were used, including validity sheets to assess the media's validity, student activity observations, and student response questionnaires to evaluate the media's practicality, as well as student interest questionnaires and learning outcomes to measure the effectiveness of the learning media. The findings show that validity results showed a mode score of 4, indicating a very valid …

Teaching Materials Containing Kse To Support Character Education In Mathematics Subjects In Elementary Schools, Kunaenah Kunaenah, Rasiman Rasiman, Bagus Ardi Saputro

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

The purpose of the study was to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of teaching materials containing KSE to support character education in mathematics lesson content. This study employs a development research approach based on Borg and Gall's research design. The subjects of the study were in class V at public elementary school Kaliboyo. The data collection instruments used were validity sheets, response questionnaires, validation sheets, and observation sheets. The findings show that experts carried out the validity test, achieving a value of 93.30% in the very valid category. The practicality test results were derived from various sources: students' questionnaires, …

Development Of Differentiated Teaching Modules With A Scientific Approach To Improve Elementary School Students’ Science Literacy, Supriyanto Supriyanto, Joko Sulianto, Achmad Buchori

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

The study aim is to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of teaching materials. This type of research involves the development and creation of teaching module products. The research design used is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The instruments used are validity sheets for experts and practitioners, teacher response questionnaires, teaching module validation sheets, and pretest and posttest questions. The findings show that experts conducted the validity test, achieving a score of 92.22 in the very valid category. The practicality test was obtained from the teacher questionnaire, which was stated as practical with an average value of 91.25, and …

Analysis Of Misconceptions In Learning Biology Mutation Material At High School, Fitri Hayati Kurnia, Tri Wahyu Agustina, Wahyuni Handayani

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This research aims to analyze student misconceptions regarding mutation material in class XII. The research method uses a descriptive approach with mixed methods, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data was obtained through interviews with biology teachers, while quantitative data was obtained through questionnaires and essay tests on students. The research results indicate that the material that students like is growth and development, while the material they don't like is gene mutation and genetic material. Students' misconceptions occur due to preconception aspects, associative thinking, and a lack of understanding of genetic concepts. It was found that students' understanding of …

Metabolic And Physiological Regulation In C. Elegans: Insights Into Sperm Activation And Peroxisome-Mediated Longevity, Yash Flora

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Organelle dynamics lie at the heart of cellular signaling and metabolic regulation, orchestrating physiological processes such as reproduction and aging across the lifespan. In this dissertation, I investigate how organelle-based signaling coordinates sperm activation and modulates organismal aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. I identify SPIN-4, a previously uncharacterized Spinster family transporter, as a key regulator of spermiogenesis. SPIN-4 is strongly expressed in developing sperm, localizes to the plasma membrane, and promotes sperm activation by facilitating the export of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Loss of spin-4 results in defective pseudopod formation, reduced motility, and compromised fertility, phenotypes that can be rescued …

Vitamin D3 Toxicity-Induced Hypercalcemia In Staphylococcal Arthritis: A Focus On Il-6, Ali Jabbar Abd Al-Hussain Alkawaz, Maryam Sabah Naser, Ali Jalil Obaid, Zakaria M. Al-Ghazaly

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Background: Vitamin D3  over-supplementation can induce toxicity through the development of hypercalcemia and may disturb immune modulation. This study examines the relationship between hypercalcemia  resulting from Vitamin D3 Overdose and serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in patients diagnosed with staphylococcal arthritis.

Methods: Forty male patients (mean age: 31 years; range: 17–45 years) were enrolled from Dec. 2024 to Feb. 2025. Twenty cases of staphylococcal arthritis were compared with twenty healthy male controls. Serum concentrations of Vitamin D3, calcium, IL-6, and other biochemical markers (urea, creatinine, ESR, WBC, and potassium) were analyzed. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from synovial fluid and confirmed using …

American Kestrels (Falco Sparverious) In Row Crop Agriculture Of The Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley Of Northeast Arkansas: Factors Influencing Nest And Roost Box Use, Nest Success, And Effects On Agricultural Pests, Ty Spencer Sharrow

Student Theses and Dissertations

Utilizing birds of prey for pest control is a sustainable, environmentally friendly approach to pest management that can benefit not just the environment and human health but also the birds themselves. The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius; hereafter ‘kestrel’) is one such species that can provide pest management services while benefiting from nest boxes used to attract them in agricultural areas. I examined how box and habitat characteristics influenced kestrel box use for nesting, winter roosting, and nest success in the row crop-dominated landscape of northeast Arkansas’ Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. In addition, I assessed kestrel impact on pests by systematically …

Expression Of Concern: Characterization Of Tfiie-Regulated Genes By Transcriptomeanalysis, Serdar Baysal

Turkish Journal of Biology

The Editors of Turkish Journal of Biology wish to issue an Expression of Concern regarding the article entitled: “Characterization of TFIIE-regulated genes by transcriptome analysis” by Serdar Baysal published on 20.12.2024. Following the publication of this article, concerns have been raised regarding• Potential violations of academic ethical standards in the published study• Potential intellectual property infringement, including plagiarism• An academic sanction reportedly imposed on the author by the affiliated university following an institutional disciplinary investigation. An investigation is currently underway to assess the validity of these concerns. In accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and …

Discovery And Characterization Of Selective Lipase-Inhibiting Polyheterocyclic Derivatives: A Combined In Silico And In Vitro Study, Madjda Benguechoua, Mebarka Imane Benguechoua, Khedidja Benarous, Houssem Boulebd, Ibtissem Kadi, Ari̇f Mermer, Yakup Şi̇ri̇n, Alaeddine Kaouka, Mohamed Yousfi

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Obesity has become a global health crisis with an increasing prevalence, necessitating the search for effective therapies. Schiff base derivatives, known for their broad pharmacological activities, have gained attention as potential antiobesity agents. This study aimed to investigate the lipase inhibitory potential of novel Schiff base derivatives and assess their drug-like properties through in vitro assays and in silico methods. Materials and methods: The lipase inhibitory activity of synthesized Schiff base derivatives was evaluated using in vitro assays, with IC50 values determined for each compound. Additionally, in silico ADMET predictions (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity), molecular docking studies, …

Butyrylcholinesterase (Bche) Downregulation In Taxane Resistance: Implications For Prostate Cancer, Buse Cevatemre, Arda Işiklar, İpek Bulut, Ezgi̇ Karyemez, Hamzah Syed, Ceyda Açilan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Despite advancements in chemotherapeutic strategies, drug resistance remains a major barrier to effective cancer treatment. While primary prostate cancers (PC) can be treated with surgery and radiotherapy, treatment options for recurrent PC are limited. Upon progression to the castration-resistant (CR) phase, therapies rely on taxanes (chemotherapeutic drugs) like docetaxel (Dtx) and cabazitaxel (Cbz); however, resistance to taxanes is common in CRPC, highlighting the importance of identifying underlying molecular mechanisms or targets in resistant cells.Materials and methods: In transcriptome (RNA sequencing) analyses comparing taxane-resistant PC cells (resistant to both Dtx and Cbz) with parental (nonresistant, sensitive) cells, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was …

Proteomic Profiling Of Escherichia Coli Cytoplasmic Proteins Under Sublethal Boric Acid Stress, Beki̇r Çöl, Begüm Hazar Çi̇ftçi̇, Merve Sezer Kürkçü, Esra Di̇bek

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Boron is an essential micronutrient for plants and certain bacteria, where it plays critical roles in cellular processes at low concentrations. However, elevated levels of boron-containing compounds, such as boric acid, exhibit antimicrobial toxicity. Although the physiological effects of boric acid on bacteria have been partially characterized, its proteome-wide impacts remain poorly elucidated. This study employs a 2D-PAGE-based proteomic approach to investigate how sublethal boric acid stress alters the cytoplasmic proteome of Escherichia coli BW25113. Materials and methods: E. coli BW25113 cultures were grown to mid-log phase in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and exposed to 70 mM boric acid …

Screening Of Ccdc43 Molecular Partners By Bioid2-Based Proximity Labeling, Merve Tuzlakoğlu Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: CCDC43 (coiled-coil domain containing protein 43) is a eukaryotic protein that contains alpha-helical domains in its structure, consistent with the family to which it belongs. It is predominantly located in the cytosol of the cell. CCDC43 protein has been shown to play a role in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in gastric and colorectal cancer types. The fundamental function and cellular interaction network of this protein, which is known to have varying expression levels in various cancer types, has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we conducted a proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID2) screening approach for CCDC43 to …

Fda-Approved Drugs As Potential Covalent Inhibitors Of Key Sars-Cov-2 Proteins: An In Silico Approach, Murat Seri̇lmez, Anwar Abuelrub, İsmai̇l Erol, Serdar Durdaği

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 necessitated rapid development of effective therapeutics, prompting this study to identify potential inhibitors targeting key viral and host proteins: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), main protease (Mpro), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Methods: We used covalent docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to screen FDA-approved compounds against these targets using diverse covalent reaction mechanisms. Top-ranking compounds underwent further evaluation through MD simulations to assess binding stability and conformational dynamics. Results: Several promising drug repurposing candidates were identified: bremelanotide, lanreotide, histrelin, and leuprolide as potential RdRp inhibitors; azlocillin, cefiderocol, and …

Antiinflammatory Effects Of Cucurbitacins And Sorafenib In Hepg2 Cells By Modulating The Iκb/Nf-Κb/Cox-2 Pathway Through Akt Signaling, Muhammed Mehdi̇ Üremi̇ş, Yusuf Türköz, Nuray Üremi̇ş

Turkish Journal of Biology

Aim: Cucurbitacins possess antitumor, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory properties. This study aims to examine the antiinflammatory effects of CuD, CuI, and CuE on NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, and Akt and compare their cytotoxic and antiinflammatory effects on HepG2 cells with sorafenib, the primary chemotherapeutic agent used in HCC treatment. Methods: Cytotoxic effects of cucurbitacins and sorafenib on HepG2 cells were evaluated using MTT and LDH assays, along with Annexin V, MMP, and comet assays. Levels of proteins related to the Akt/NF-κB pathway and COX-2, iNOS, and NO were also measured. Results: Our study showed that CuD, CuI, CuE, and sorafenib have antiproliferative …

Novel Mrsa-Targeting Phage Metb16: Genomic Features, Structural Insights, And Therapeutic Applications, Berna Erdoğdu, Senanur Dokuz, Görkem Güngör, Wei Lin, Yigang Tong, Tüli̇n Özbek

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Recent reports have indicated that multidrug-resistant strains of S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, may pose a significant threat to public health and global economic stability. Materials and methods: In this study, we present the isolation and comprehensive characterization of a novel phage, derived from clinically isolated MRSA strains. Results: MetB16 exhibited an incubation period of approximately 20 min, a lysis period of around 45 min, and a burst size of 127 Plaque Forming Units (PFU)/cell. The phage demonstrated remarkable biological stability across a pH spectrum of 4.0–9.0 and maintained integrity within a temperature range of 37 and –80 °C. …

The Northern Lapwing (Vanellus Vanellus Linnaeus, 1758), A New Species In The List Of Charadriidae In The Western Steppes Of Algeria, Youcefi Ahmed Toufik, Litim Kouider

Journal of Bioresource Management

This manuscript aims to authenticate the presence of a species of wild bird: Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus Linnaeus, 1758), which represents a first in the western steppes areas of Algeria. The sighting was recorded in the treated wastewater treatment plant west of the municipality of Mécheria. The phonological status of this species can be classified as a passing visitor. This presence can be justified by the food rules of the Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus Linnaeus, 1758) which is insectivorous and finds in this area prey on which it feeds.

Insights Into Therapeutic Discovery Through The Kelch Domain Structure Of Keap1 At Ambient Temperature, Merve Yilmaz, Belgi̇n Sever, Yi̇ği̇t Kutlu, Mehmet Gül, Ceren Okuducu, Serra Tavli, Masami Otsuka, Mikako Fujita, Turkan Hali̇loğlu, Hali̇li̇brahi̇m Çi̇ftçi̇, Hasan Demi̇rci̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: The Kelch-like-ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) is an integral component of the E3-ubiquitin ligase complex, which binds to Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and facilitates its degradation by the 26S proteasome. The Kelch domain of Keap1, composed of six repeated structural motifs, plays a key role in this interaction. This study aims to investigate the dimeric structure of the Keap1 Kelch domain at ambient temperature and to examine its implications for conformational dynamics, particularly in relation to the DMF and Nrf2 binding sites.Materials and methods: The dimeric crystal structure of the Keap1 Kelch domain was determined at …

The Effects Of Hsa-Mir-26a-5p On Cell Proliferation, Migration, And Pi3k Inhibitor Sensitivity In Metformin-Resistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells, Şahi̇ka Cingir Köker, Senem Noyan, Banu Yalçin, İrem Doğan Turaçli

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Metformin is commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is being investigated for its potential antiproliferative effects in cancer, particularly in patients with both T2D and malignancies. Drug resistance can develop with any therapeutic agent, and metformin is no exception. As we showed in our previous study, metformin-resistant MDA-MB-468 (MET-R) cells exhibited an EMT-like phenotype. Many transcription factors, as well as miRNAs, can contribute to this altered phenotype. Our current study identifies the contribution of hsa-miR-26a-5p expression to the previously observed phenotype. Materials and methods: By utilizing bioinformatic tools, we identified hsa-miR-26a-5p, whose expression was significantly altered …