Digital Commons Network^™

The Pathogenicity Of Blue-Stain Fungi On Lodgepole Pines Attacked By Mountain Pine Beetle, Richard Grant Ballard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the western regions of North America, mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk., infestations take a tremendous toll of pines , especially lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.. Mass attack by the beetles is a devastating event for the trees. As well as girdling the tree, a massive inoculation of blue stain fungus "complex" (composed of several species of Ceratocystis, numerous yeasts and other mycelial fungi) is made beneath the bark. These fungi colonize and destroy the parenchyma tissue system of the host sapwood, primarily the ray parenchyma and resin duct epithelium.

A blue stain is produced …

The Characterization Of Carbamate Resistance In The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Say), In Comparison With The House Fly, Musca Domestica (L), Randy L. Rose

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Resistant and susceptible populations of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and the house fly, Musca domestica (L), were compared with respect to carbofuran and carbaryl toxicity in the presence and absence of the synergist, piperonyl butoxide. Resistance levels of the New Jersey population when compared with the susceptible Logan population by topical application of carbaryl and carbofuran were > 833 and 820, respectively. A resistance level of 583 was determined from carbofuran bioassays of Rutgers and NAIDM house flies. Similar levels of resistance development between these species suggests the possibility that similar resistance mechanisms may be involved.

Utilization of …

Differences Associated With Mating Type Alleles In Myxomycetes, Robert M. Queen

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Differences associated with the mating type alleles of Didymium iridis and Physarum polycephalum were examined with fluorescent antibody and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Heteroabsorption of each anti-myxamoebal serum followed by testing serum activity using immunofluorescence showed there is no strain-specific activity in any of the anti-myxamoebal sera, but the sera was shown, to be genera specific. Intergeneric differences and similarities were shown in the electrophoretic patterns of the myxamoebal protein extracts from P. polycephalum, D. iridis, and Dictyostelium discoideum when compared. Intraspecific differences were noted in D. iridis.

Partial Reconstruction Of The Microvillus Core Bundle: Characterization Of Villin As A Ca(++)-Dependent, Actin-Bundling/Depolymerizing Protein, Paul T. Matsudaira, David Burgess

Dartmouth Scholarship

The brush border, isolated from chicken intestine epithelial cells, contains the 95,000 relative molecular mass (M(r)) polypeptide, villin. This report describes the purification and characterization of villin as a Ca(++)-dependent, actin bundling/depolymerizing protein. Then 100,000 g supernatant from a Ca(++) extract of isolated brush borders is composed of three polypeptides of 95,000 (villin), 68,000 (fimbrin), and 42,000 M(r) (actin). Villin, following purification from this extract by differential ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, was mixed with skeletal muscle F-actin. Electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations of these villin-actin mixtures showed that filament bundles were present. This viscosity, sedimentability, and ultrastructural …

Polygyny And Polydomy In Three North American Species Of The Ant Genus Leptothorax Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Thomas M. Alloway, Robin Stuart, Cynthia Thomas, Alfred Buschinger, Mary Talbot

Faculty Scholarship

This paper deals with certain behavioral and ecological factors which may be relevant to the evolution and maintenance of social parasitism in ants. We will argue that some of the same factors which might predispose one species to evolve into a social parasite might make resistance to parasitism difficult for a closely related species.

Physiology Of Salt Excretion In The Mangrove Avicennia Marina (Forsk.) Vierh, Philippa M. Drennan

Biology Faculty Works

Diurnal and long‐term excretion by leaves of Avicennia marina seedlings growing in aqueous culture was correlated with substrate salinity and transpiration. Excretion was greater in 100% than 50% seawater but the reverse was true for transpiration. The diurnal excretion pattern, with exudation minimal during the day and maximal during the night, showed a negative correlation with the daily transpiration pattern. The total amount of salt excreted, however, showed a positive correlation with the total amount of water transpired. Root and xylem sap salinities were linearly related to substrate salinity but leaf Na+ increased to a maximum, indicating that control of …

The Ecology Of Mutualism, Douglas H. Boucher, Sam James, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Elementary ecology texts tell us that organisms interact in three fundamen­ tal ways, generally given the names competition, predation, and mutualism. The third member has gotten short shrift (264), and even its name is not generally agreed on. Terms that may be considered synonyms, in whole or part, are symbiosis, commensalism, cooperation, protocooperation, mutual aid, facilitation, reciprocal altruism, and entraide. We use the term mutual­ism, defined as "an interaction between species that is beneficial to both," since it has both historical priority (311) and general currency. Symbiosis is "the living together of two organisms in close association," and …

The Hairless-Obese Mouse, William D. Stansfield

Biological Sciences

Viable mice homozygous for two recessive autosomal genes, hairless (hr) and obese (ob) were produced with an average life span of 538 ± 34.1 days. On the average, hairless-obese mice weighed about 73 percent as much as obese mice. Since obese mice consumed approximately 73 percent as much oxygen per gram body weight per hour as hairless-obese mice at about 24°C, the weight averages appear to be closely inversely related to the oxygen consumption averages. The presence or absence of pelage seems to make a negligible contribution to oxygen consumption in these two types of obese …

Movements And Feeding Ecology Of Immature Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas) In Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, Mary T. Mendonca

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The seasonal and diel movements of fourteen immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Mosquito, Lagoon, Florida were monitored using sonic telemetry. The feeding ecology of this turtle population was also studied using dissection and stomach flushing techniques. An attempt was made to relate the movement patterns of the turtles to their feeding habits. The immature green turtles were found to make seemingly random, long distance movements (X╠äkm moved/day=7.79) and to remain in deeper waters (X╠ädepth=1.63m), apparently not feeding, when water temperatures fell below 19┬░C. When average water temperatures ranged between 19-25┬░C, the turtles were found primarily in shallow waters (X╠ädepth=1.1m) …

Population Stability Of Three Species Of Zooplankton In Westhampton Lake, Richmond, Virginia, James Christopher Conyers

Master's Theses

Populations of zooplankton, Keratella cochlea's (Rotifera) Bosmina longirostris (Cladocera), and Mesocyclopsedax (Copepoda) were sampled in Westhampton Lake from June 30 to December 22, 1978. Population densities were estimated over time and analyzed for stability relative to the occurrence of rainfall. Two aspects of stability were used for analysis and given operational definitions as follows: Resistance - a population was resistant if its density was not more variable during periods of rain compared with periods of little or no rain; Persistence - a population was persistent if its density during periods of rain was not different from its density in periods …

Blackbird & Starling Roosts In Warren County, Kentucky, Wayne Mason

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Blackbird and Starling roosts of the 1979-80 winter season were observed in order to obtain as much information as possible concerning roosts in this area. Five species were found to comprise the local roosts: The Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus), and the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris).

Seven categories of activities were observed in roost species: predeparture vocalizations; predeparture staging; roost departure; daily activities; roost return; preroost staging; and settlement into the roost. The Common Grackle appeared to be the species around which …

Seasonal Periodicity Of Periphytic Algae In Relation To Water Quality In Three Florida Experimental Ponds, Michael J. Gilbrook

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

Periphytic algae biomass, periphyton taxonomic composition and water quality were monitored from October, 1978 through October, 1979 in three experimental ponds on the University of Central Florida campus, Orlando, Florida. Differences in the abundance and seasonal periodicity of phytoplankton in the ponds presumably arose from intrinsic differences in the nature of the pond sediments. Ceramic tile and pressboard wood artificial substrates were sampled at two-month intervals to provide estimates of periphyton biomass and productivity; there was no significant difference in algal biomass on wood and tile substrates. Algal productivity on continuous-immersion (cumulative) substrates which supported a large accumulation of periphyton …

Food Habits Of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus Salmoides (Lacepede) And Spotted Bass, Micropterus Punctulatus (Rafinesque), From Beech Fork Reservoir, A New Impoundment In Wayne And Cabell Counties, West Virginia, Michael A. Arcuri

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A study was undertaken to determine the food habits of two game fishes, the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede) and the spotted bass M. punctulatus (Rafinesque) in Beech Fork Reservoir shortly after its impoundment. A total of 171 largemouth bass and 95 spotted bass were collected from July 1978, through June 1979, and their stomach contents analyzed.

Largemouth bass fed primarily on fishes, particularly young-of-the-year bluegill. Aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates were also important food items, especially during the spring and fall . The dominant aquatic forms were chironomid larvae and pupae while the dominant terrestrial forms were adult dipterans.

Spotted …

Correlation Of Injected Amygdalin And Urinary Thiocyanate In Jax C57 Bl/Ksj Mice, Maria A. Manhardt

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Dietary Supplements Of W3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids On The Fatty Acid Composition Of Platelets And Plasma Choline Phosphoglycerides, T. Sanders, Katherine Younger

Articles

Although it is not known iflinolenic acid (18:3w3) is essential its derivatives are important (Tinoco et a/. 1979). Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5w3) is the precursor of the triene prostaglandins (Gryglewski et a/. 1979) and when incorporated into platelet lipids may influence bleeding time (Sanders et al. 1980). Docosahexaenoic acid (22:0013) is a major component of human brain and retinal lipids and is found in its highest concentrations in the phosphoglycerides of synaptic membranes and rod outer segments implying that it has a role in neural transmission. Radiotracer experiments in vitro suggest that man can convert 18:3w3 to 20:5w3 and 22:0013 (De …

Chemotherapeutic Effects Of The Extracts Of Allium Cepa And Allium Sativum On Infectivity Of Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Min-Lan Chang

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Microelectrophoretic Separation Of Isozymes In Relation To Aging In The Hydroids Campanularia Flexuosa And Cordylophora Lacustris, Patricia Marie Brown

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Cellulase Activities Of Soil Fungi, Jacobo Ortega

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

The cellulase activities of 8 isolates of fungi obtained from agricultural soils of Hidalgo County, TX were investigated by measuring the changes in the viscosity of a buffered solution of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), produced by the fluids obtained from liquid cultures of these isolates. The change in the viscosity of the reaction mixture incubated at constant temperature (30 C) was measured with Cannon-Fenske routine viscometers. A buffered cellulase solution was used as a control.

Due to the variability that existed among the isolates investigated, it was possible to select active producers of cellulase with the method followed in this investigation. The …

An Analysis Of Salt Eating In Birds, Kathryn Julia Herson

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Ddt Upon The Hematology And Immunology Of The Goldfish (Carassius Auratus), Maurice G. Zeeman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

DDT can cause hematological and immunological alterations in mammals and birds. Interference with normal hematological and immunological defense systems has been strongly linked to increased incidences of disease and tumors. Fish exposed to pesticides have been noted to be more susceptible to disease. This study examined DDT effects on goldfish hematological and immunological parameters.

Adult goldfish were kept in 250 liter aquaria at 25 ± 1° C. Fish were dosed intraperitoneally with p,p'-DDT in corn oil. Doses ranged from 0 to 500 mg/kg for acute (96 hour) hematology studies to 0 to 50 mg/kg for sub-acute hematology and immunology studies. …

Effects Of Selenium On 1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine (Bmh) Metabolism And Dna Alkylation, Philip Robert Harbach

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Interaction Of Nutrition And Infection: A Succinct Review, Clarence Lee, Georgiana Aboko-Cole

Department of Biology Faculty Publications

Malnutrition combined with susceptibility to infection threatens the health and survival of a large portion of the world's population. Of the many components of the host-parasite relation, nutrition has not received the attention it deserves. There has been increasing activity in recent years on the elucidation of the role nutritional factors play in the behavior of both host and parasite.This paper reviews the effects vitamins exert on the course of parasitic infections.

Concomitant Infections With The Parasites Trypanosoma Musculi Kendall, 1906 And Trichinella Spiralis (Owen, 1835) Raillet, 1896 In The Laboratory Mouse, Musmusculus, Joan Chew Liang Tan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Four groups of female Swiss Webster mice were injected intraperitoneally with similar volumes of normal saline, sonicated Trypanosoma musculi and saline, sonicated trypanosomes and Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) and FCA. When the mice became immune and thus responded negatively to a T. musculi challenge, sera were collected and administered to four other groups of mice to establish passive immunity in these animals.

An established dose of innoculum of Trichinella spiralis larvae (8.1 larvae/gram of body weight) was given to all the mice by gastric gavage. These mice were killed 26 days later and the musculature digested with artificial gastric juice …

The Effects Of Two Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Aroclor 1016r And Aroclor 1242r) On The Growth And Chlorophyll Production Of Cultures Of Selenastrum Capricornutum, Jude William Grosser

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the School of Sciences and Mathematics at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Jude William Grosser on May 11, 1979.

Ecotypic Differentiation Of Andropogon Virginicus L. In Relation To Strip Mine Spoil Banks, Valina Kay Hurt

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Reciprocal plantings of populations of broomsedge, taken from an abandoned strip mine and from an abandoned farm plot in south central Kentucky, on strip mine spoil and abandoned field soil resulted in patterns of populations differentiation. Clonal plantings of populations from strip mine habitats and old field development appeared equal in height and biomass when grown on old field soils in both field trials and growth chamber studies. Populations when planted in strip mine soils in field trials and controlled growth experiments. Later flowering in strip mine populations may be a key to survival strategy in the harsh microclimates of …

Information From The Elephant Interest Group Questionnaire, Elephant Editors

Elephant

Elephant-related activities of answering respondents to the newsletter's questionnaire.

Bibliography, Elephant Editors

Elephant

Updates to the selected bibliography covering references from 1970 - mid-1979.

The Addo Elephant Research Project: A Brief Introduction, Anthony Hall-Martin

Elephant

Description of "an intensive research programme on the ecology, population dynamics, and behaviour" of elephants in the Addo Bush area of Cape Province, South Africa, launched in May 1976.

Iucn/Wwf Elephant Survey And Conservation Programme Questionnaire, Elephant Editors

Elephant

A survey soliciting data from captive elephants.

Growth Of Phytophthora Infestans Race 1.2.4 And Synthesis Of Steroid Glycoalkaloids By The Fungus In Synthetic Media, Melanie R. Maas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A chemically defined synthetic medium was developed in which Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary race 1.2.4 grew extensively. This medium consisted of: 90.0 grams maltose, 20.0 grams DL-alanine, 20.0 grams L-proline, 1.0 gram KNO₃, 0.5 gram KH₂PO₄, 0.25 gram MgSO_4. 7H₂O, 1.0 milligram thiamin per liter of distilled water. The average level of growth in this medium was 0.5864 gram dry weight mycelium per 50 milliliters medium.

The glycoalkaloids, solanidine and solanine, were synthesized by Phytophthora infestans in the above medium with 62.5 percent of the samples positive and an overall …