Digital Commons Network^™

Variation In A Host-Epiphyte Relationship Along A Wave Exposure Gradient, Phillip S. Levin, Arthur C. Mathieson

New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station Publications

The red alga Polysiphonia lanosa (L ) Tandy is an obligate epiphyte that primarily occurs on the fucoid brown algal basiphyte Ascophyllum nodosum (L) Le Jolis In the present study we examine how epiphytic interactions between P lanosa and A nodosum vary along a wave exposure gradient within the southern Gulf of Maine, USA P lanosa was most dense on protected shores, however because the stature of P lanosa was greater on exposed than on sheltered shores, greater biomass occurred In exposed habitats Epiphytlc P lanosa pnmanly attached to inlured vegetative bssue at exposed sites, while ~ t osc currence …

Analysis Of The Metal Requirement Of 3-Deoxy-D-Arabino-Heptulosonate-7-Phosphate Synthase From Escherichia Coli., Craig Stephens, Ronald Bauerle

Biology

The three isozymes of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Escherichia coli were overproduced, purified, and characterized with respect to their requirement for metal cofactor. The isolated isozymes contained 0.2-0.3 mol of iron/mol of enzyme monomer, variable amounts of zinc, and traces of copper. Enzymatic activity of the native enzymes was stimulated 3-4-fold by the addition of Fe2+ ions to the reaction mixture and was eliminated by treatment of the enzymes with EDTA. The chelated enzymes were reactivated by a variety of divalent metal ions, including Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. The specific activities of the reactivated enzymes varied …

Cellular Basis Of Aging In The Mammalian Heart, Piero Anversa, Joseph M. Capasso

Scanning Microscopy

This review is concerned with the functional and structural changes occurring in the aging heart. These changes were investigated in an integrated fashion in Fischer 344 rats at 4, 12, 20, and 29 months after birth. Mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures, as well as stroke volume remained substantially constant up to 20 months. At 29 months, however, end-diastolic pressure was significantly increased, and dP/dt and stroke volume were depressed. Focal areas of interstitial and replacement fibrosis were markedly increased at 20 and 29 months, mostly in the subendocardial region of the ventricular wall. Also the aggregate …

Microphotometric Quantification Of Crystal Growth In Gels For The Study Of Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis, Wolfgang Achilles

Scanning Microscopy

This paper gives a review on an efficient microtechnique (Gel Crystallization Method; GCM) which quantifies crystal growth in gel matrices, and its application to research into urinary stone formation. Relative crystal growth rates (Vcr) of calcium oxalate hydrates (CaOx) were determined by simultaneous multiple measurements in 96-well microplates using computer controlled microscopic photometry. Efficiency: 120 kinetic measurements/h; imprecision: < 2% at standard conditions. The method was applied to study the effects of diverse small-ionic and macromolecular constituents of human urine on the crystal growth rate of CaOx. The 'inhibitory activity' of urine could be evaluated by comparison of the Vcr measured in native and corresponding artificial samples. Macromolecules, at physiological concentration, played only a minor role as inhibitors in the model under regard. The GCM was employed to study the in-vivo effects of different therapeutic measures on CaOx growth in urine of normal volunteers. While the application of alkali citrate resulted in a > 70% decline of Vcr, no beneficial effects could be found with three magnesium compounds, and a dietary fiber preparation. In a study including 20 male recurrent CaOx stone formers and 29 well-matched controls, among all parameters under investigation, the Vcr showed the …

The Scanning Electron Microscope: How Valuable In The Evaluation Of Small Bowel Mucosal Pathology In Chronic Childhood Diarrhea?, J. Rainer Poley

Scanning Microscopy

Data are presented on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on small intestinal biopsies of children with chronic diarrhea. In particular, there were 230 patients aged 3 months to 13 years with the following diagnoses: chronic nonspecific diarrhea, cow's milk protein intolerance, soy protein intolerance, giardiasis, cystic fibrosis, gluten-sensitive enteropathy, isolated lactase deficiency, isolated sucrase-isomaltase lactase deficiency, microvillus inclusion disease, rotavirus ententis, protracted diarrhea of infancy, chylomicron retention disease, visceral myopathy and villous asthenia.

Examination of biopsied intestinal mucosa by SEM has yielded important new information and insights on structural pathology and ultrastructural topography. Many of the observed changes helped to better …

The Physiology And Molecular Biology Of Iron Nutrition For Cyanobacteria, Nancy Walters Unsworth

Dissertations and Theses

In addition to nitrogen and phosphorus, iron is an essential nutrient for oceanic primary productivity. Unlike nitrogen and phosphorus however, negligible amounts of iron are supplied to surface waters through recycling or mixing but instead from the limited and sporadic input of aeolian particulate. The low concentration of iron that becomes biologically available from the dust places a serious constraint on the heavily iron-dependent processes of photosynthesis and nitrate reduction which affect primary productivity. As much as 47% of the total oceanic primary productivity can be attributed to cyanobacteria making them critical organisms in the biogeochemical cycles. This thesis addresses …

Distribution Of Sexual Activities Within Estrus Of Dairy Cattle, Donna Durbin

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Previous studies of dairy cattle have indicated that heifers and cows in hot, cold and moderate weather had different patterns of sexual activities. The purpose of this study was to compare distribution of sexual activities within estrus of dairy cattle. Three groups of lactating cows in hot, cold and moderate weather and a group of heifers in cold weather were observed. Estrus for each individual was divided into 12 equal periods. Sexual activities for 3 and 6 hours before and after estrus were also observed. The numbers of mounts and distribution of total sexual activities was analyzed. Mounts received per …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Corrosion Casting In Medicine, M. A. Konerding

Scanning Microscopy

The aims of this review are: 1. to provide a bibliography of the publications that have used the corrosion casting technique; 2. to describe the advantages and limitations of the methodology; 3. to illustrate possible applications in the field of medicine, and 4. to highlight the significance of this method in the teaching of medical students. Thus, this paper is primarily focused on the scanning electron microscopical examination of vascular corrosion casts.

The unsurpassed three-dimensionality of the corrosion casting technique compared to any other means stands out in particular. This can be especially useful when complex vascular-anatomical relationships are present. …

Frequency Distribution Of Conception Dates In A White-Tailed Deer Herd, James M. Novak, Olin E. Rhodes, Michael H. Smith, Paul E. Johns

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Conception dates of white-tailed deer, Odocoi/eus virginia1111s (Zinunennann, 1780) were estimated for the breeding periods of 1974 - 76 and 1984 using fall and winter- spring fetal data. Conception dates estimated from data collected in the fall were biased. This bias resulted in an earlier mean conception date than that based on information which included data from later breeding females. Mean breeding dates differed significantly between female age classes due to delayed conception in fawns which also resulted in a skewed frequency distribution of conception dates. The frequency distribution of conception dates was leptokurtotic, suggesting that the distribution is constrnincd …

Diurnal Variation In Mass, Metabolic Rate, And Respiratory Quotient In Anna's And Costa's Hummingbirds, Donald R. Powers

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

To examine how hummingbirds that do not enter torpor at night store and utilize energy, open-circuit respirometry and a strain gauge were used to measure daily variation in 0 2 consumption (Vo2 ), C02 production, respiratory quotient (RQ), and body mass in Anna's hummingbird, Calypte anna, and Costa's hummingbird, Calypte costae. During the day, Vo2 was highly variable primarily because of dif ferences in activity among individuals. At night Vo2 varied little between individuals, but mean Vo2 was more than two times that predicted from body mass for resting, postabsorptive birds. F0.85), indicating the use of carbohydrate as a …

Foreword, Scott F. Gilbert

Biology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Potential Impacts Of Biomass Production In The United States On Biological Diversity, James H. Cook, Jan Beyea, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Biomass could be a renewable source of energy and chemicals that would not add CO₂ to the atmosphere. It will become economically competitive as its cost decreases relative to energy costs, and biotechnology is expected to accelerate this trend by increasing biomass productivity. Pressure to slow global warming may also make biomass more attractive. Substantial dependence on biomass would entail massive changes in land use, risking serious reductions in biodiversity through destruction of habitat for native species. Forests could be managed and harvested more intensively, and virtually all arable land unsuitable for high-value agriculture or silviculture might be used …

The Effects Of Glutathione On Human Keratinocyte, Manisha N. Trivedi

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Cultured human keratinocytes were grown in vitro to assess the effects of glutathione, a thiol, on human keratinocyte proliferation. Single keratinocytes were harvested from newborn (greater than 5 days old) foreskin and were grown in culture flasks such that experiments could be performed in approximately 2 to 3 weeks. In order to evaluate the effects of glutathione (GSH) on keratinocyte growth, experiments were performed to determine the growth curve, plating efficiency, and incorporation of radiolabelled thymidine. Growth studies, performed with different concentrations of glutathione, revealed that 0.065 μM was the most effective concentration when compared to control cell cultures, and …

Diapause In The Earthworm, Aporrectodea Longa: Morphological And Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis Of Cryosectioned Chloragogenous Tissue, A. J. Morgan, C. Winters

Scanning Microscopy

The earthworm, Aporrectodea longa, which experiences an apparent obligatory physiological resting state (“diapause”) in the temperate Summer, was collected monthly from February through to October. Morphological examination of the chloragocytes, and quantitative electron probe X-ray microanalysis of their constituent chloragosome granules prepared by cryoultramicrotomy and air-dried/smearing, were undertaken over this period. Worms entered diapause in May, and emerged from it between August and September. The long-term energy stores in the form of lipid, in addition to the more usual polysaccharide (glycogen) reserves, were accumulated by early diapause; the lipid was gradually consumed during diapause. In addition, the structure and composition …

Kidney Structure Investigations Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Corrosion Casts - A State Of The Art Review, H. Ditrich, H. Splechtna

Scanning Microscopy

The corrosion casting technique using acrylic resins in the scanning electron microscope (SEM), was originally developed to investigate renal microvascular structure and is now also successfully used in studies on various other organs. However, in the last two decades nearly 100 papers have been published on the renal vascular anatomy of various taxa of vertebrates or on pathomorphological structures of kidneys, using this technique. Analyzing these works, trends and developments in this field can be summed up as follows: The majority of studies are anatomical works on the vascular system of kidneys from all vertebrate classes. In addition, experimental pathological …

Ua66/6/2 Bionews From The Hill, Wku Biology

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by and about WKU Biology highlighting the activities of faculty, students and alumni.

Reproduction In The Hispid Cotton Rat, Sigmodon-Hispidus Say And Ord (Rodentia: Muridae), In Southeastern Virginia, Robert K. Rose, Michael H. Mitchell

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord, a species of the southwestern United States that has been moving northward and eastward in this century, was first observed in Virginia in 1940. In this study of the cotton rat in southeastern Virginia, most males were reproductively competent from February through November, embryos were recorded from March through October, and litter sizes were comparable to those from other locations except Kansas. Also unlike the cotton rat in Kansas, animals grew at substantial rates during the winter in Virginia. The hispid cotton rat seems to have adjusted its breeding season in …

Comparison Of The Protein Content In Selected Tissues At Different Feeding Stages In The American Dog Tick Dermacentor Variabilis (Say), Mark John Beveridge

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Selected tissues from Dermacentor yariabilis (Say) were collected at different feeding stages (unfed, part-fed, and replete) and examined by several different protein analyses to determine soluble protein content, protein or polypeptide molecular weights, and pI values. Results showed a relationship between the salivary gland, ovary and hemolymph and evidence indicates the synganglion produces and secretes substances that may control oocyte development.

Comparative Analysis Of The Proliferative Response Of The Rat Urinary Bladder To Sodium Saccharin By Light And Scanning Electron Microscopy And Autoradiography, Samuel M. Cohen, Maria J. Fisher, Takao Sakata, Martin Cano, Gerald P. Schoenig, Clifford I. Chappel, Emily M. Garland

Scanning Microscopy

Three methods used to detect proliferative changes in the rat urothelium, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and autoradiography, were compared for their sensitivity in detecting changes produced by administration of sodium saccharin. Weanling male F344 rats were fed sodium saccharin as 0, 3, 5, or 7.5% of the diet, and the bladders were evaluated after 4, 7, and 10 wks of feeding. Light microscopic changes and an increase in labeling index were seen at all time points in rats fed 7.5 % sodium saccharin, but not at the lower doses. A slight increase in labeling index was also observed at …

Genotypic And Chemical Influences On Fruit Growth Of Tomato, Henry R. Owen, Louis H. Aung

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

A relationship between ovary size at anthesis and final fruit diameter of 12 tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars with a range of fruit sizes, shapes, and maturation rates was determined. ‘Fireball’, ‘Michigan/Ohio Hybrid’, and ‘New Yorker’ produced nonfasciated, spherical fruits of intermediate maturation rate and showed a significantly higher correlation between ovary diameter at anthesis and final fruit diameter than ‘Small Fry’, ‘Roma VF’, ‘Early Cascade’, ‘Campbell 1327’, or ‘Ponderosa’. A linear regression of final fruit diameter at maturity on ovary diameter at anthesis of the cultivars was highly significant (r2 = 0.92**; ÿ = 22.5X - 0.3). Continuous root …

Methionine Metabolism In Fasciola Hepatica, Carol Theresa Ayer

Dissertations and Theses

5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) is derived from s-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) during the synthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine. Methionine can be regenerated from MTA by one of two mechanisms. In mammalian cells and some microorganisms, MTA is degraded to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) via MTA phosphorylase. In certain other microbes, however, MTA is catabolized in two steps; first to adenine and 5-methylthioribose (MTR) via MTA nucleosidase followed by conversion of MTR to MTR-1-P via MTR kinase.

This study was to demonstrate the presence of MTA nucleosidase or MTA phosphorylase in both redia containing cercariae and adult Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758. If MTA …

Changes In The Esophageal Epithelium In Rabbits Treated By Cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum As Studied By Electron Microscopy, M. Albertsson, C. -H. Hakansson, M. Palmegren

Scanning Microscopy

The esophageal mucosa of the rabbit was investigated after a single dose of 5 mg Cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (Cis-DDP). Specimens were taken for scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and light microscopy. Examination was performed daily for 20 consecutive days. A cytotoxic effect was observed already the first day after injection with an intracellular oedema. Thereafter the height of the esophageal epithelium and the basal cell layer steadily decreased to a minimum day 11. This parallels the damaged microridges and an increased cell loss as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. At the end of the observation period the esophageal mucosa had completely …

The Effect Of 10 And 20 Gy Single Dose Irradiation On The Esophageal Mucosa Of The Rabbit. An Electron Microscopic Study, C. H. Hakansson, M. Albertsson, M. Palmegren

Scanning Microscopy

The mucosa of rabbit esophagus was irradiated with single doses of 10 and 20 Gy respectively. Specimens were taken for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and light microscopy investigations. Examinations were made 1-14 days after 10 Gy and 1-17 days after 20 Gy. Irradiation resulted in edema during the first days. The thickness of the epithelium was at its lowest value around day 5 after the administration of 10 Gy, and on days eight to ten after the administration of 20 Gy. Damage of the epithelium surface, as scored on SEM micrographs, was most pronounced on days eight to eleven after …

Changes In Caloric Content As A Result Of Sub-Lethal Stress In Neanthes Virens (Sars), Phyllis J. Friello

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Neanthes virens were subjected to a toxicity test with 1.8, 3.4, 6.7 and 11.0 mg/1 Cd²⁺. Worms were withdrawn on Days 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 from each of five replicate tanks and their caloric content determined by bomb calorimetry. Analyses of variance and covariance showed no significant differences in worm caloric content with withdrawal day or cadmium concentration.

In a second experimental series, a sediment toxicity test with Neanthes virens was conducted in contaminated sediments from two sites, as well as reference sediments from a control site. Caloric content of the worms was measured by bomb …

Dietary Protein Deficiency And Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg Affect Interleukin-2 Activity In Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis, David N. Mcmurray, C. L. Mintzer, R. A. Bartow, Rebecca D. Parr

Faculty Publications

Inbred strain 2 guinea pigs were vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG or were left unvaccinated. They were maintained for 6 weeks on defined, isocaloric diets containing either 30% (control animals) or 10% (animals receiving low protein) ovalbumin as the sole protein source. Animals were challenged by the respiratory route with a low dose of virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv and killed 4 weeks later. Protein-malnourished animals were not protected by previous vaccination with BCG. Lymphocytes isolated from various tissues were tested in vitro for proliferative responses to mitogen (concanavalin A) and antigen (purified protein derivative [PPD]), production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), and …

Effects Of Dietary Corn Oil And Menhaden Oil On Rats Mammary Tumorigenesis And Prostaglandin E2 Levels, Melissa L. Philley

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Melissa L. Philley on August 4, 1989.

The Effects Of Varying Light Exposure Times On The Colonization And Sporulation Of Gigaspora Margarita In The California Pepper, Mary E. Kirker

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Mary E. Kirker on July 24, 1989.

Ua66/6/2 Bionews From The Hill, Wku Biology

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by and about WKU Biology highlighting the activities of faculty, students and alumni.

Temporal And Spatial Patterns Of Abundance Of Age 0 Threadfin Shad (Dorosoma Petenense) In Overton Arm, Lake Mead, William Lee Pelle

Publications (WR)

Temporal and spatial patterns of age 0 threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense) abundance and growth, in the Overton Arm of Lake Mead, were examined to evaluate the effects of resource availability on the young fish. This was part of a larger, game fishery enhancement study (Lake Mead Fertilization Project), designed to assess feasability of increasing survivorship of larval/juvenile shad by boosting phosphate levels, thereby increasing algal and zooplankton biomass, during the shad spawning period. Shad are the primary forage base for the striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and black bass (Macropterus salmoides) fisheries. Weekly samples were …

Annual Variation Of Estuarine And Oceanic Oyster Crassostrea Virginica Gmelin Hemocyte Capacity, William S. Fisher, Marnita M. Chintala, Mark A. Moline

Biological Sciences

Defense-related hemocyte activities of American oysters Crassostrea virginica Gmelin from an oceanic and an estuarine habitat were monitored from spring to winter of 1987 at a constant temperature (15 °C). The ability of cells to spread to an ameboid shape in vitro at ambient salinity and after an acute change in salinity was much reduced from late spring to early fall. This summer-stress period was also indicated by laboratory experiments. Stress may have been due to high water temperatures but spawning efforts may have also contributed. Reduced hemocyte activity occurred at a time when infections by two major oyster parasites …