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With The Help Of South Carolina Research Universities, Scra Demonstrates Leadership In Applied Research And Commercialization Within Sc, Bill Mahoney Jan 2008

With The Help Of South Carolina Research Universities, Scra Demonstrates Leadership In Applied Research And Commercialization Within Sc, Bill Mahoney

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.


Inflammation: The Key To Health And Disease, Prakash Nagarkatti Ph. D, Donald J. Dipette M. D. Jan 2008

Inflammation: The Key To Health And Disease, Prakash Nagarkatti Ph. D, Donald J. Dipette M. D.

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.


Bioactivities Of The Various Extracts And Essential Oils Of Salvia Limbata C.A.Mey. And Salvia Sclarea L., Hati̇ce Öğütçü, Atalay Sökmen, Münevver Sökmen, Moschos Polissiou, Julia Serkedjieva, Di̇mi̇tra Daferera, Fi̇kretti̇n Şahi̇n, Özlem Bariş, Medi̇ne Güllüce Jan 2008

Bioactivities Of The Various Extracts And Essential Oils Of Salvia Limbata C.A.Mey. And Salvia Sclarea L., Hati̇ce Öğütçü, Atalay Sökmen, Münevver Sökmen, Moschos Polissiou, Julia Serkedjieva, Di̇mi̇tra Daferera, Fi̇kretti̇n Şahi̇n, Özlem Bariş, Medi̇ne Güllüce

Turkish Journal of Biology

The present study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia limbata C.A.Mey. and Salvia sclarea L., as well as the content of its essential oil. The activities of essential oils were tested against a wide range of human-, plant-, and food-borne microorganisms. A total of 55 microbial organisms belonging to 35 bacteria and 19 fungi and yeast species were tested using disk diffusion, micro dilution, and micro-well dilution. The essential oils were found to possess antimicrobial activity against some of the tested fungi, while no activity was observed against …


The Effects Of Moisture On The Ectomycorrhizal Communities On Pinus Ponderosa, Helen Lau Jan 2008

The Effects Of Moisture On The Ectomycorrhizal Communities On Pinus Ponderosa, Helen Lau

All Master's Theses

The effects of moisture on the community of beneficial fungi called ectomycorrhizae were compared in two adjacent ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests. Stands selected for this study were of populations of ponderosa pine along a natural moisture cline at the extreme limit of their distribution in eastern Washington State. Diversity and community structure was assessed for the ectomycorrhizal fungi living as mutualists on the root tips of this tree species. Identification of fungi recovered from this study was performed with the use of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) molecular markers and molecular techniques which discriminated taxa to phylotypes, which approximates …


Waterhole Dynamics And Chemical Signals Of African Elephants ( Loxodonta Africana ), Stacie Marie Castelda Jan 2008

Waterhole Dynamics And Chemical Signals Of African Elephants ( Loxodonta Africana ), Stacie Marie Castelda

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The distribution of mammals in a savanna environment is influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. The African savanna experiences distinct wet and dry seasons. Species become spatially restricted around water resources during the dry season, resulting in increased intraspecies and interspecies resource-based aggregation. A dominate species, such as the African elephant (Loxodonta africana), may influence this aggregation. I examined the influence of wet and dry seasons and ambient temperature on the use of a waterhole by elephants as well as the co-occurrence of elephants and other mammals at the waterhole. Biodiversity scans (October 2004-June 2007) and were performed at a …


Soil Salinity Alters Growth, Chlorophyll Content, And Secondary Metabolite Accumulation In Catharanthus Roseus, Cheruth Abdul Jaleel, Beemarao Sankar, Ramalingam Sridharan, Rajaram Panneerselvam Jan 2008

Soil Salinity Alters Growth, Chlorophyll Content, And Secondary Metabolite Accumulation In Catharanthus Roseus, Cheruth Abdul Jaleel, Beemarao Sankar, Ramalingam Sridharan, Rajaram Panneerselvam

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effect of salinity on growth, photosynthetic pigment content, and alkaloid secondary metabolite accumulation were studied in an economically important medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don., under pot culture conditions. Plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl, (e.g. 50 and 100 mM) 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing (DAS). The plants were uprooted randomly 90 DAS to analyse growth, and chlorophyll and alkaloid content. Salinity affected all the morphological parameters and decreased growth performance. At low salinity regimes, a slight decrease was noted in chlorophyll a and b, and total chlorophyll content, but under high salinity …


Improvement Of The Nutritional Value Of Soybean [Glycine Max (L) Merr.] Seed With Alteration In Protein Subunits Of Glycinin (11s Globulin) And \Beta-Conglycinin (7s Globulin), Behzad Kaviani, Ardashir Kharabian Jan 2008

Improvement Of The Nutritional Value Of Soybean [Glycine Max (L) Merr.] Seed With Alteration In Protein Subunits Of Glycinin (11s Globulin) And \Beta-Conglycinin (7s Globulin), Behzad Kaviani, Ardashir Kharabian

Turkish Journal of Biology

Protein quality in soybean seeds is strongly influenced by nutritional conditions. Glycinin (11S globulin) and \beta-conglycinin (7S globulin) are the 2 main proteins in soybean seeds. Protein quality of glycinin (11S) is higher than that of \beta-conglycinin (7S), due to the presence of higher amounts of s-containing amino acids (methionine and cysteine) in glycinin than \beta-conglycinin. Of the amino acids in glycinin, 3%-4.5% are methionine and cysteine but these important amino acids are not found in \beta-conglycinin (especially \beta-subunit). Pot studies were conducted with soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] grown under various levels of KCl and CaHPO4 and the effects …


Specific Individuals Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Are Able To Show Time-Place Learning, M. Saeed Heydarnejad, G. J. Purser Jan 2008

Specific Individuals Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Are Able To Show Time-Place Learning, M. Saeed Heydarnejad, G. J. Purser

Turkish Journal of Biology

Using demand-feeders, time-place learning association of food was investigated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in 2 small raceways (TR1 and TR2). In order for the fish to be visually identified, they were tagged individually and their behaviour and distribution were monitored by cameras. Equipping with a demand-feeder, TR1 was assigned to test 2 times/1 place (2T/1P) while 2 demand-feeders were used in TR2 assigned to test 2 times/2 places (2T/2P). After 26 days of restricted feeding (RF) the fish were deprived of food for 3 days. The results of the present study indicate that, at the group level, rainbow trout …


Immunomodulation Of Human Skin Cells By Extracts Of The Scabies Mite, Sarcoptes Scabiei, Jeremi Stevan Mullins Jan 2008

Immunomodulation Of Human Skin Cells By Extracts Of The Scabies Mite, Sarcoptes Scabiei, Jeremi Stevan Mullins

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Sarcoptes scabiei infests its host through burrowing into the stratum corneum layer of skin. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts responding to the burrowing mite(s) and/or mite products produce inflammatory and immune activating cytokines and chemokines. The purpose of this study was to determine if an extract of S. scabiei can modulate cytokine and chemokine expression from keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. Normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to an extract of S. scabiei var. canis with or without various pro-inflammatory stimuli. Cytokine and chemokine expression were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Scabies extract increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), growth-related oncogene-α …


The Effects Of Nutritional Supplement, Mass Fx™, On Muscular Strength, Body Composition, And Blood Chemistries In Resistance Trained Adult Males, Patrick S. Dib Jan 2008

The Effects Of Nutritional Supplement, Mass Fx™, On Muscular Strength, Body Composition, And Blood Chemistries In Resistance Trained Adult Males, Patrick S. Dib

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a nutritional supplement, Mass FX, on muscular strength, body composition, and blood chemistries in resistance-trained adult males. Eight subjects, mean age 25 +/- 3.02 years, were randomly assigned to two groups (n=4). Each group was given either Mass FX or a Placebo in a double-blind manner to be taken orally for six weeks (4caps/day regardless of bodyweight). For the duration of the study, both groups were following the same training program and a diet customized to each subject's bodyweight in conjunction to the supplementation. Data were analyzed using Analysis …


Ecological Genomics: Understanding Gene And Genome Function In The Natural Environment, M. C. Ungerer, L. C. Johnson, M. A. Herman Jan 2008

Ecological Genomics: Understanding Gene And Genome Function In The Natural Environment, M. C. Ungerer, L. C. Johnson, M. A. Herman

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The field of ecological genomics seeks to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying responses of organisms to their natural environments. This is being achieved through the application of functional genomic approaches to identify and characterize genes with ecological and evolutionary relevance. By its very nature, ecological genomics is an interdisciplinary field. In this review, we consider the significance of this new area of study from both an ecological and genomic perspective using examples from the recent literature. We submit that by considering more fully an ecological context, researchers may gain additional insights into the underlying genetic basis of ecologically relevant phenotypic …


Foraging Site Selection In Prairie Kingsnakes (Lampropeltis C. Calligaster): An Experimental Approach, Angela M. Fornell Jan 2008

Foraging Site Selection In Prairie Kingsnakes (Lampropeltis C. Calligaster): An Experimental Approach, Angela M. Fornell

Masters Theses

A critical component to a predator’s survival is the choice of foraging sites that yield enough predatory success to meet energetic demands. To elucidate cues used to select foraging sites, I examined foraging site selection in Prairie Kingsnakes (Lampropeltis c. calligaster), a generalist species whose foraging mode is flexible. My objectives were to determine: the pattern of foraging site selection; the importance of certain cues that kingsnakes use when selecting foraging sites; and, whether or not kingsnakes adjust their foraging patterns in response to alterations in the microhabitat. I tested subjects in a large experimental arena under several treatment conditions …


Evaluation Of The Oxalate-Consuming Activities Of Probiotic Microorganisms, Alexandra E.C. Baluka Jan 2008

Evaluation Of The Oxalate-Consuming Activities Of Probiotic Microorganisms, Alexandra E.C. Baluka

Masters Theses

This study identifies the oxalate-consuming capabilities of mixtures of probiotic microorganisms, present as commercial probiotics, as well as in seventeen pure cultures of probiotic microorganisms. Probiotics are sold commercially as powders, tablets, and supplements of live microorganisms that, when taken in large amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. Increased levels of urinary oxalate coincide with the formation of kidney stones, so this study sought to identify organisms capable of oxalate consumption that could potentially be manufactured for those suffering from calcium oxalate kidney stones. This study determined that consumption of oxalate was not directly tied to active growth …


Spatial And Ecological Patterns Of Tent Location In The Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma Americana (Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae), Jennifer Pleasant Jan 2008

Spatial And Ecological Patterns Of Tent Location In The Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma Americana (Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae), Jennifer Pleasant

Masters Theses

The eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) is a widely studied social caterpillar. The nests (i.e. tents) of the tent caterpillar are most frequently found on Black Cherry trees (Prunus serotina). However, dispersions of tents are often clumped with one cherry tree having five or more tent caterpillar nests in it and another cherry tree 3 meters away having only one nest, or none at all. I tried to determine why this happens. Because of the short field season, much of the research on the caterpillars has been done in the laboratory. I tried to determine host selection …


Prevalence And Severity Of Fibropapillomatosis In Juvenile Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas) In Three Habitats On Florida's Eas, Kelly Borrowman Jan 2008

Prevalence And Severity Of Fibropapillomatosis In Juvenile Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas) In Three Habitats On Florida's Eas, Kelly Borrowman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor-forming disease mainly found in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) inhabiting Florida's east coast. Despite increased research on the herpes virus that putatively causes it, long-term assessment is still needed of the distribution and severity of FP. Using the decades-long database compiled by the University of Central Florida Marine Turtle Research Group, I determined FP severity and distribution at three different sites: Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Sabellariid Worm Reef (SWR) and Trident Submarine Basin (TSB). Fibropapillomatosis occurred in > 50% of IRL turtles, 18% of SWR turtles and <1% of TSB turtles. Regression of FP tumors was correlated with its prevalence, i.e. when and where FP was common, tumor regression was common. The probability of a turtle being non-afflicted or mildly afflicted increased with both increasing straight-line carapace length (SCL) and increasing relative body condition (residuals of log body mass versus log SCL). Mean annual growth rates of IRL and SWR turtles did not vary with FP severity; however, mean annual growth rates in IRL (1.10 cm/y) were significantly higher than in SWR (1.05 cm/y) and TSB (1.04 cm/y). Annual apparent survival estimates for IRL and TSB turtles were 0.72 and 0.73, respectively, and were constant over time. Even with increased prevalence of FP, annual apparent survival estimates were constant and similar to survival estimates of juvenile green turtles in areas without FP. In IRL, survival rates among FP Categories 0, 1 and 2 were similar (0.74, 0.74 and 0.81 respectively) and lower only for FP Category 3 (0.63). Thus, while FP occurred in > 50% of turtles in some Florida east coast populations, …


Mitochondria In Energy-Limited States : Mechanisms That Blunt The Signaling Of Cell Death., Steven Hand, Michael Menze Jan 2008

Mitochondria In Energy-Limited States : Mechanisms That Blunt The Signaling Of Cell Death., Steven Hand, Michael Menze

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Cellular conditions experienced during energy-limited states – elevated calcium, shifts in cellular adenylate status, compromised mitochondrial membrane potential – are precisely those that trigger, at least in mammals, the mitochondrion to initiate opening of the permeability transition pore, to assemble additional protein release channels, and to release pro-apoptotic factors. These proapototic factors in turn activate initiator and executer caspases. How is activation of mitochondria-based pathways for the signaling of apoptotic and necrotic cell death avoided under conditions of hypoxia, anoxia, diapause, estivation and anhydrobiosis? Functional trade-offs in environmental tolerance may have occurred in parallel with the evolution of diversified pathways …


Food And Nutrient Intake And Attitudes Among Disadvantaged Groups On The Island Of Ireland: Summary Report, John Kearney, Daniel Mccarthy, Sarah Burke, Barbara Knox, Maria Barton Jan 2008

Food And Nutrient Intake And Attitudes Among Disadvantaged Groups On The Island Of Ireland: Summary Report, John Kearney, Daniel Mccarthy, Sarah Burke, Barbara Knox, Maria Barton

Reports

No abstract provided.


Poverty, Diet And Health Behaviours: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study Among Young Urbanised Women., Daniel Mccartney Jan 2008

Poverty, Diet And Health Behaviours: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study Among Young Urbanised Women., Daniel Mccartney

Doctoral

Demographic, socio-economic, attitudinal, dietary, health behavioural and anthropometric data were collected from 221 “disadvantaged” and 74 “advantaged” women aged 18-35 years across Dublin, according to the provisions of a novel socio-economic sampling frame. Internal and external validation techniques established the dietary assessment method of choice and identified “valid” dietary reporters (n=216, 153 disadvantaged, 63 advantaged) among this sample. Five qualitative focus groups (n=5-8 per group) were also conducted among disadvantaged women to examine their diet and health behaviour choices. Lower intakes of fruit and vegetables (172g/d vs. 405g/d, p


Chitinase Production By Serratia Marcescens Gg5, Gursharan Singh, Joginder Ram Sharma, Gurinder Singh Hoondal Jan 2008

Chitinase Production By Serratia Marcescens Gg5, Gursharan Singh, Joginder Ram Sharma, Gurinder Singh Hoondal

Turkish Journal of Biology

Swollen chitin, flake chitin, powder chitin, and mushroom paste were used as substrates for chitinase production by Serratia marcescens GG5 in submerged fermentation. Enzyme production was 0.3 U/ml when the organism was grown in M9 medium supplemented with 0.5% swollen chitin and 0.5% soluble starch. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that Serratia marcescens GG5 digested the chitin flakes by producing chitinase.


Determination Of Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Turkish Endemic Salvia Halophila Hedge, Sevi̇l Albayrak, Ahmet Aksoy, Ergi̇n Hamzaoğlu Jan 2008

Determination Of Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activities Of Turkish Endemic Salvia Halophila Hedge, Sevi̇l Albayrak, Ahmet Aksoy, Ergi̇n Hamzaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Salvia halophila Hedge (Lamiaceae) was evaluated by 2 antioxidant assays, including phosphomolybdenum reduction and free radical scavenging activity. The ethanol extract showed free radical scavenging activity with IC_{50} of 67.73 \mug/mL in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The antioxidant activity of the extract was found to be 84.87 ± 0.7 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g extract in phosphomolybdenum assay. In the addition to the antioxidant activity of the extract, the total phenolic content was measured. Total phenolic content of ethanol extract was found to be 8.21 ± 0.0 mg gallic acid equivalent …


Analysis Of Ki-Ras Exon 2 Gene Mutations In 3-Methylcholanthrene And Butylated Hydroxytoluene-Induced Rat Lung Tissues, Fi̇kri̇ye Polat, Öztürk Özdemi̇r, Şahende Elagöz Jan 2008

Analysis Of Ki-Ras Exon 2 Gene Mutations In 3-Methylcholanthrene And Butylated Hydroxytoluene-Induced Rat Lung Tissues, Fi̇kri̇ye Polat, Öztürk Özdemi̇r, Şahende Elagöz

Turkish Journal of Biology

3-Methylcholanthrene (MCA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and potent carcinogenic agent that is often used in experimental cancer studies. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has been widely used for many years as an antioxidant to preserve and stabilize the freshness, nutritional value, flavor, and color of foods. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the application of MCA and BHT in the development of lung cancer, and to detect any mutation in the Ki-ras gene exon 2. Rats were killed by cervical dislocation 26 weeks after the last BHT injection and lung tissues were surgically removed. Lung …


The Identification And Characterization Of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene Family Members In Glycine Max, Erin Kathleen Pringle Jan 2008

The Identification And Characterization Of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene Family Members In Glycine Max, Erin Kathleen Pringle

Masters Theses

"Gene families are collections of genes with similar functions. Studying gene families is important for understanding the evolution of genes and manipulating genes. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is an enzyme found in plants. It catalyzes the deamination of phenylalanine to produce cinnamic acid. Genes for PAL have been identified in many different plant species. This project used the known sequence for the PAL1 gene in Glycine max to find other PAL genes in Glycine max"--Abstract, page iii.


Organochlorine Pesticide Contamination And Its Potential Effects On Eggshell Characteristics Of Dickcissels (Spiza Americana), Bridget Wall '08 Jan 2008

Organochlorine Pesticide Contamination And Its Potential Effects On Eggshell Characteristics Of Dickcissels (Spiza Americana), Bridget Wall '08

Honors Projects

Dickcissels (Spiza americana) are small, sparrow-like songbirds that nest in grasslands in the U.S. and winter in Venezuela. Fanners in Venezuela intentionally spray dickcissel flocks with organochlorine (DC) and other illegal pesticides in an attempt to kill them when they feed in both rice and sorghum fields. Previous studies have shown that organochlorine (DC) pesticide' contaminants (e.g., DDT) have significantly reduced eggshell thickness in eagles and falcons.. Although DDT was banned in the United States more than twenty years ago, DC compounds and their metabolites still persist in wildlife, possibly resulting in reduced reproductive success and in disrupted endocrine systems …


Evaluation Of Aerial Cluster Sampling Of Double-Crested Cormorants On Aquaculture Ponds In Mississippi, Brian S. Dorr, Loren W. Burger Jr., Scott C. Barras Jan 2008

Evaluation Of Aerial Cluster Sampling Of Double-Crested Cormorants On Aquaculture Ponds In Mississippi, Brian S. Dorr, Loren W. Burger Jr., Scott C. Barras

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Concern over increasing numbers of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and their impacts on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture has resulted in increased need for quantitative information to develop and evaluate depredation management efforts. We evaluated aerial surveys in a stratified cluster sampling (SCS) design to estimate and monitor abundance of cormorants on catfish aquaculture ponds in the Yazoo River Basin of Mississippi, USA (hereafter Yazoo Basin). Twice monthly abundance estimates and coefficient of variation during winter averaged 8,128 (n = 29, SE = 1,233) and 33% (n = 29, SE = 0.02), respectively. Counts of cormorants …


Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved In Hormone-Induced Mouse Oocyte Meiotic Maturation In Vitro, Jing Chen, Stephen M. Downs Jan 2008

Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Is Involved In Hormone-Induced Mouse Oocyte Meiotic Maturation In Vitro, Jing Chen, Stephen M. Downs

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

We have previously shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can induce the resumption of meiosis in mouse oocytes maintained in meiotic arrest in vitro. The present study was carried out to determine whether AMPK activation is involved in hormone-induced maturation. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the EGF-like peptide, amphiregulin (AR), are potent inducers of maturation in cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes (CEO). Within 3 h of FSH treatment, phospho-acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) levels were increased in germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes when compared to non-stimulated controls and remained elevated throughout 9 h of culture, indicating AMPK activation. A similar response to AR was observed …


Towards Cloning The Clk-3 Gene In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Suchita Umesh Desai Jan 2008

Towards Cloning The Clk-3 Gene In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Suchita Umesh Desai

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Mutations in the clk-1, clk-2, clk-3 and gro-1 genes in Caenorhabditis elegans show alterations in developmental and behavioral timing and lifespan, collectively termed the Clk phenotype. While the clk-1, clk-2, and gro-1 genes have been cloned, clk-3 gene has not been identified. Gene expression changes in clk-3 mutant worms were determined using microarray expression data. I examined genes in the region to which clk-3 gene maps, for strongly reduced expression in the clk-3 mutants and identified thirteen clk-3 candidate genes. RNAi feeding vectors for all these candidate genes were picked and cultured from the RNAi library. …


Chemical Constituents And Biological Activity Of Three Tanzanian Wild Mushroom Species, L.D. Baraza, C. C. Joseph, M. J. Moshi, M. H. H. Nkunya Dec 2007

Chemical Constituents And Biological Activity Of Three Tanzanian Wild Mushroom Species, L.D. Baraza, C. C. Joseph, M. J. Moshi, M. H. H. Nkunya

Tanzania Journal of Science

The three Tanzanian wild mushroom species Termitomyces letestui, Lactarius edulis and Agaricus sp. aff. arvensis yielded ergosterol, 5,8-peroxyergosterol and ergosta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, and a mixture of ergosterol, ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol and ergosta-7-en-3β-ol whose composition was deduced from gas chromatography/mass spectroscopic (GC/MS) analysis of the trimethysilylated mixture. GC/MS analysis of the lipid fraction from T. letestu revealed the presence of linoleic (C18:2), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), palmitic (C16:0), pentadecanoic (C15:0) and myristic (C14:0) acid. Polar T. letestui and L. edulis fractions yielded α,α,1'trehalose andmannitol. Some of the crude extracts from the three mushroom species showed mild antimicrobial, mosquito larvicidal and cytotoxic activities. The chemical composition …


Evalution Of The Efficacy Of The Photosystem Ii Inhibitor Dcmu In Periphyton And Its Effects On Nontarget Microorganisms And Extracellular Enzymatic Reactions, Steven N. Francoeur, Audrey C. Johnson, Kevin A. Kuehn, Robert K. Neely Dec 2007

Evalution Of The Efficacy Of The Photosystem Ii Inhibitor Dcmu In Periphyton And Its Effects On Nontarget Microorganisms And Extracellular Enzymatic Reactions, Steven N. Francoeur, Audrey C. Johnson, Kevin A. Kuehn, Robert K. Neely

Faculty Publications

We examined the efficacy of the photosystem II inhibitor 3-(3,4-diclorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU) for inhibition of algal photosynthesis in periphyton associated with submerged decomposing litter of Typha angustifolia. We also investigated the possible nontarget effects of DCMU exposure on heterotrophic microorganisms (i.e., bacteria and fungi) and extracellular enzyme activity associated with decaying litter. Standing-dead Typha leaf litter was submerged for 34 and 73 d, returned to the laboratory, and used for controlled laboratory experiments that examined the effect of DCMU on algal ([14C]bicarbonate, pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry), bacterial ([3H]leucine), and fungal ([14C]acetate) production. Simultaneous assays …


Vertebrate Osmoregulation: A Student Laboratory Exercise Using Teleost Fish, Bernard Rees Dec 2007

Vertebrate Osmoregulation: A Student Laboratory Exercise Using Teleost Fish, Bernard Rees

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Anaerobic metabolism is recruited in vertebrates under conditions of intense exercise or lowered environmental oxygen availability (hypoxia), typically resulting in the accumulation of lactate in blood and tissues. Lactate will be cleared over time after the reoxygenation of tissues, eventually returning to control levels. Here, we present a laboratory exercise developed as part of an upper-level vertebrate physiology class that demonstrates the effects of exercise and hypoxia exposure on blood lactate in fish and the subsequent decrease in lactate during recovery. Typically, the results obtained by students demonstrate that both treatments cause significant increases in blood lactate concentrations (two to …


The Emergence Of Sex, Ursula Goodenough Dec 2007

The Emergence Of Sex, Ursula Goodenough

Biology Faculty Research

Biological traits, the foci of natural selection, are by definition emergent from the genes, proteins, and other “nothing-buts” that constitute them. Moreover, and with the exception of recently emergent “spandrels,” each can be accorded a teleological dimension—each is “for” some purpose conducive to an organism's continuation. Sex, which is “for” the generation of recombinant genomes, may be one of the most ancient and ubiquitous traits in biology. In the course of its evolution, many additional traits, such as gender and nurture, have emerged. Patterns of sexual exchange are the basis for patterns of biological evolution and are central to the …