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How Does Gardening Activities Fit Into The Lives And Gendered Responsibilities Of Women? The Case Of Vegetable Cultivation In Morogoro Municipality, Betty David Mntambo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study explored how gardening activities fit into the lives and gendered responsibilities of female gardeners. The specific objectives were to understand how a woman allocates her time to fit into domestic and gardening activities; how domestic work affect the participation of women in gardening activities; as well as the implications of the struggle to balance domestic and gardening activities. The study was conducted among female gardeners who cultivate and sell leafy vegetables in Morogoro Municipality. The study adopted a descriptive qualitative approach, whereby snowball sampling was used to select 17 female gardeners cultivating in open spaces. In-depth interviews and …

Gender Differences And Consumer Purchase-Decision: The Moderating Effect Of Income Levels Among Mall-Consumers In Dar Es Salaam - Tanzania, Winnrose Elifuraha Mmari, Isaac Kazungu

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The field of gender has recently gained acceptability across the globe. While the concept of gender development has been widely studied, the link between gender attributes, income and consumer purchase-decision at the market place requires an extensive assessment. This work explores how income level moderates the relationship between gender differences and consumer purchase-decision. A cross sectional research design was adopted and data were collected from 218 sampled consumers across 11 retail stores in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the conceptual framework. Findings revealed a moderating effect of income in the relationship between gender …

Female Access To, And Control Over, Resources In Tanzania: The Case Of Migrants Maasai Women In Dar Es Salaam City And Bagamoyo District, Elizabeth Lulu Genda

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper examines female access to, and control over, resources in Tanzania. Specifically, the objectives were to identify resources owned by Maasai at family level; examine women access to, and control over, resources after migration; and assess women’s ability to sell resources in their families. The paper emanated from a mixed method of cross-sectional study conducted in Dar es Salaam city and Bagamoyo District to a sample of 230 obtained through systematic and purposive sampling, respectively. The sample was drawn from six (6) wards in Dar es Salaam and two (2) wards in Bagamoyo. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected …

Understanding Gender Inequalities In Households: Anecdotal Encounters By Practitioners In Kenya And Tanzania, Nancy Njiraini, Amina N. Kamando

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Women in developing countries face several challenges related to gender inequality through experiences in limited access to education, labour market, and finances. Deep rooted social and cultural practices often devalue the notion of being a woman, and create limitations for women’s life opportunities and personal empowerment. The overall objective of this paper is to reflect on ways of effectively engaging with informal settlement communities in Kenya and Tanzania, in a way that elicits information that is useful to the community and to research. The paper is part of a larger research project targeted at couples living in a household as …

Situating Hiv/Aids Humanitarian Film In The National Cinema Culture Of Mozambique: Historical, Contemporary And Feminist Perspectives, Sebastián Andrés Suárez Hode

University Honors Theses

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Mozambique has enabled a new wave of humanitarian cinema to develop as it seeks to educate and empower a population that has been adversely affected by the epidemic. Colonial-era patriarchal systems that persist have resulted in Mozambican women being disproportionately impacted by the virus, and humanitarian projects in turn use film as a vehicle for the exploration of Mozambican women’s subjectivities. Thus, these films have made for an especially feminist reconditioning of Mozambican national cinema culture. This essay will explore HIV/AIDS humanitarian cinema’s place within the larger discourse of Mozambican national cinema and will demonstrate how …

Women’S Attitudes Towards Wife Beating And Its Connection With Intimate Partner Violence (Ipv): An Empirical Analysis Of A National Demographic And Health Survey Conducted In Pakistan, Muhammad Saud, Asia Ashfaq, Siti Mas'udah

Journal of International Women's Studies

Wife beating, a form of intimate partner violence that is used as a tool to correct wives’ behavior, is not acceptable in most parts of the world. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a global health problem and is far more than a dilemma; it is a systemic form of abuse that is the third major cause of death around the world. Despite it being unacceptable in most parts of the world, in its different forms, wife beating is still a commonly practiced pattern of behavior that pervades all societies, patriarchal ones in particular. This is a problem in the patriarchal …

Intrahousehold Relationships And Decision-Making In Extended Households Of The Luguru Community, Kamille De Backer, Nathalie Holvoet, Mursali Milanzi

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article analyses intrahousehold decision-making in extended households of the matrilinear Luguru community in the Morogoro Region of Tanzania. Our research focuses on the participation of adult “extended” household members, mainly relatives such as in-laws, grandparents, and cousins, in household decision-making. It complements studies that conceptualise household decision-making as a bargaining process between two decision-makers. We explore whether factors such as age, education, life cycle and gender play a role in this process. As decision-making processes often vary depending on the decision-making area, we differentiate between seven broad decision-making fields which are relevant in their respective settings. Our study adopts …

Motherhood, Career Development And Modernization: Experiences Of Early Post-Colonial Tanzanian Women, Samwel Mhajida

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper is about the evolution of early post-colonial women in Tanganyika and the dilemma they encountered in balancing between family obligations and growing up in professional career. To understand such contradicting options, the paper situates the discussion from the perspectives of women’s narratives gathered from the printed media of the early 1960s to mi-1960s. The paper uses interviews gathered during this time by media specialists, newspaper columnists, and fans of women’s life histories who wrote stories and narratives of young women of Tanganyika. Their target groups were middle-class women: teachers, secretaries, wives of renowned politicians, business women and social …

The Correlation Between Poverty, Water Quality, Community Health, And Education In Guatemala And Tanzania, Jessica R. Besnier

Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current

This paper explores the relationship between poverty, water quality, community health, and education in Tanzania and Guatemala. These metrics will allow for a thorough analysis of the relationships between the countries and will determine their impact on the other aspects in these two countries. While Guatemala and Tanzania are very different countries, they share many things in common such as inequalities among different groups, having many different groups of indigenous people, having most people living in rural areas, and are located on a coast. Also, they share similarities regarding poverty, water quality, community health, and education. By looking into these …

Companions On An Ignatian Journey: A Reflection On The Universal Apostolic Preferences, Beth Ford Mcnamee

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

The Universal Apostolic Preferences[i] focus my sense of mission and vocation in Jesuit higher education. I offer these personal and professional reflections as a fellow pilgrim and companion on the journey. I am a lay woman striving to embody the Jesuit, Catholic mission of Saint Joseph’s University (SJU). All Jesuit university students, staff, and faculty are also colleagues in this common mission. Together we are invited to prayer, accompaniment, discernment, conversion of heart, and action in light of these preferences.

Notes

[i] Society of Jesus, Universal Apostolic Preferences, accessed January, 2021, https://www.jesuits.global/uap/.

The United States And Portuguese Angola: Space, Race, And The Cold War In Africa, Alex J. Marino

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is an international history of the role of the United States in the process of decolonization in Angola, a former colony of Portugal. I argue that the United States embraced Portugal, Angola, and neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo as irreplaceable Cold War allies. Decolonization in Africa challenged America’s relationship with all three countries, as competing forces within the American public called for Washington to adopt an anti-colonial, anti- racist ideology, while others demanded their government to support white supremacy at home and abroad. Decolonization in Angola, a protracted liberation struggle that started in 1961 and lasted until 1974, …

From Dugouts To Double Outriggers; Lexical Insights Into The Development Of Swahili Nautical Technology, Martin Walsh

Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia

The early history of nautical technology in the western Indian Ocean and adjoining parts of the eastern Africa coast is poorly understood. In the absence of evidence from shipwrecks, it has hitherto been based largely on the uncertain interpretation of a few documentary references and speculation surrounding technological parallels and assumed lexical resemblances. This paper examines some of the linguistic evidence in a more rigorous way, by undertaking a cross-dialectal comparison of names for watercraft and terms for outriggers in Swahili (Kiswahili), a Bantu language spoken on the islands and in scattered communities along the western seaboard of the Indian …

Amjambo Africa! (April 2021), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

COVID-19 denial in Burundi and Tanzania.....................2

Cameroonian deportations..3

In Her Presence .................4/5

Health care

Vaccine Q&A

Amjambo’s 3rd birthday.......6

MEBIC..................................10

Dr. Shah on vaccine safety.11

Magufuli of Tanzania..........12

World Market Basket..........14

Farming

African donuts

Soil safety..............................15

Baking Academy.................18

Bikes for all Mainers...........19

Childcare..............................20

Finance................................21

Columns & letters..............................24/25/26/27

Bangor/DEI..........................28

Novruz Festival....................29

Gisele Mukundwa...............31

Musical diversity.................31

Translations

French..................................7

Swahili.................................8

Somali..................................9

Kinyarwanda.....................22

Portuguese.........................23

The Lingering Shadows: An Examination Of Collective Memory From Vietnam To The War On Terrorism, Kenneth Henry Decker 21

Honor Scholar Theses

No abstract provided.

Manifestations Of Power And Marginality In Marriage Practices: A Qualitative Analysis Of Sukuma Songs In Tanzania, Esther J. Masele, Venkatachalam Lakshmanan

Journal of International Women's Studies

This study examined manifestations of power and marginality in Sukuma marriage practices. The study was conducted in Kishapu District, Tanzania. It drew its materials from Sukuma marriage rituals, which include singing and performance of songs. The study adopted an ethnographic research design and used both primary and secondary data to analyse the construction of gender roles in songs and societal views. The songs were observed at live performances, and data related to their composition, interpretation, and impact were gathered through interviews with the singers. Thematic Code Analysis was used to analyze the data, which were then interpreted based on poststructuralist …

Persistence Of The Glass Ceiling In Academia Globally With A Focus On Women Academics In Kenyan Universities, Bhoke Chacha

Journal of International Women's Studies

Despite the existence of elaborate legal frameworks in Kenya that guarantee gender equity in all spheres of life, women academics in Kenyan universities still encounter many roadblocks in their quest to become professors. One position that has dominated recent discourse regarding the promotion of women in Kenyan universities is that women have generally arrived late into academia. It is also argued that the conflict between women’s traditional roles at home and productive work interferes with academic leadership. This paper offers a rebuttal of these arguments, and gives empirical statistics on the number of women PhDs that have come through the …

Hip-Hop Poetry And Political Transformation: Citing Examples From Tanzania, Method Samwel

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This article describes the role of hip-hop in political transformation of African countries, citing examples from Tanzania. The article presents that hip-hop artists view the political systems of most African countries as the source of the continent’s socio-economic crisis and, therefore, demand for change of African political systems and behaviours. This article is a result of a qualitative research that deployed various research methods, including text collection and analysis, transcription, interviews, and administration of questionnaires. Hip hop texts were collected, transcribed, and analysed. Data collection, analysis and interpretation were guided by the reader response literary theory, which views the interpretation …

Archaeological Perspective On The Impacts Of Caravan Trade Expansion In East Africa: Emerging Alternative Histories, Thomas J. Biginagwa, Philbert Katto

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The last two decades have witnessed an increase of archaeological research interest in the East African caravan trade, a topic that was traditionally exclusive to historians. Long-term empirical evidence currently generated by archaeologists continues to consolidate our understanding of the caravan trade, and helps to question some inferences previously drawn from colonial libraries. This paper presents archaeological evidence unearthed from the Northern and Southern caravan routes located in the corresponding areas in the contemporary northern and southern Tanzania. The paper engages material evidence to re-examine some of the consequences of the caravan trade commonly reported in historical writings. Doing so, …

The Intersection Between Black Hair And The Environment: Hair As A Site For Environmental Justice And Sustainability, Dafina Matiku

Scripps Senior Theses

Currently, we are facing several global crises that include but are not limited to climate change, food insecurity, pollution of the body and environment, as well as racial, gender, and class inequities. This thesis seeks to understand how the natural hair movement, which strives to omit toxic chemicals while embracing textured hair, can be a tool of reconnecting to nature. As humans we are intrinsically part of ecosystems and nature, we must find our niche in it instead of occupying and destroying our environment entirely. The methodology includes compiling a small array of experiences that show the nuance of hair …

Labor-Power As It’S Found: Surplus Labor And Development Initiatives In Revolutionary Zanzibar, Adam Benjamin

Munn Scholars Awards

This essay will explore the power dynamics between the state and these new workers in early-independence Zanzibar, drawing on interviews and surveys conducted on the island. It begins with the colonial background, analyzing how the British created semi-proletarianized and transient classes to facilitate market production. Then, I will explore how the developmental regime took over hollowed out colonial institutions and used surplus labor to fulfill their ambitions, which will be followed by a social history of working conditions for these laborers. Next, I take a brief look at land reform movements and instabilities in this political economy, and conclude by …

Roundabout - How The United States Government Creates Cyclical Terrorism As It Responds To Domestic And Foreign Terrorism, Sarah Selch Andrews

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

Terrorism is frequently studied as a linear transaction between actors, usually a government and one or more extremists of some sort, be they individuals or groups. The focus in this thesis is on the United States government and international jihadist extremists, specifically Al-Qaeda, a conflict which often is covered in one of two ways: extremist action is the provocation and government policy (up to and including military engagement) is the reaction, or alternatively, foreign policy is the initiating action and what we call "terrorism" is merely a response.

This paper argues that neither approach is sufficient and proposes a model …

Effects Of Nonnative Phonotactic Constraints On The Perception Of Nasal-Initial Consonant Clusters, Msafiri Otonya

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the effects of non-native phonotactic constraints on the perception of nasal-initial consonant clusters (NICC), specifically whether native English speakers can perceive NICC as accurately as native Swahili speakers. The ABX task was conducted over Zoom to test L1 English speakers (N=12) and L1 Swahili speakers (N=12). Stimuli with four conditions were used: 1) The stimuli had one of the three nasal sounds (/m/, /n/, and /?/) in word-initial consonant clusters; 2) The stimuli had NICC composed of a nasal sound followed by either a voiced or voiceless consonant; 3) The consonant clusters were composed of sounds that …

Female Enrolments In Stem In Higher Education: Trend Analysis From 2003 – 2018: Knust As A Case Study, Mercy Vanessa D. Appiah-Castel,, Richard Bruce Lamptey, Kemi Titiloye, Welhemina Adoma Pels

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Tertiary education in Ghana has experienced rapid growth in accessibility and participation. It is evident that Ghana has made some positive and impressive progress towards increasing access to education and narrowing gender gaps at the pre-tertiary education levels, yet these developments have not translated commensurately in higher education level. This study investigates the effectiveness of the directives and the Vice-Chancellors' initiatives introduced and designed to increase female students' enrolment at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). The study used enrolment data from KNUST, the university’s initiatives and directives on female enrolments, KNUST recorders, online articles, publications and …

Tanzanian Rule While Zanzibar Plays The Fool? The Invalidity Of Zanzibari Unease Over Tanzanian Mainland Dominance, 1964–1991, Bhadrajee S. Hewage

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

On April 26, 1964, the People’s Republic of Zanzibar merged with the Republic of Tanganyika to form the Tanzanian Union. Yet the circumstances surrounding the formation of this Union and the nature of the Union itself raise several unanswered questions. Indeed, some Zanzibaris fear that their island archipelago has been effectively “taken over” by Tanganyika through the guise of the Union government of the Tanzanian mainland. This manuscript explains how Zanzibari fears over the archipelago’s usurpation have no basis since the current and evolving nature of Zanzibar’s autonomy and legal rights have enabled the islands to become a strong player …

The Western Media And The Portrayal Of The Rwandan Genocide, Cherice Joyann Estes

History in the Making

On December 9, 1948, the United Nations established its Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Genocides, however, have continued to occur, affecting millions of people around the globe. The 1994 genocide in Rwanda resulted in an estimated 800,000 deaths. Global leaders were well aware of the atrocities, but failed to intervene. At the same time, the Western media's reports on Rwanda tended to understate the magnitude of the crisis. This paper explores the Western media's failure to accurately interpret and describe the Rwandan Genocide. Recognizing the outside media’s role in mischaracterizations of the Rwanda situation …

Amjambo Africa! (September 2020), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In This Issue...

Indigo Arts Alliance.....................p.2

publisher’s editorial.....................p.4

registering to vote.......................p.4

French............................................p.5

Swahili...........................................p.6

Somali............................................p.7

School resource officers ..............p.8

U.S.-Canada border.....................p.8

News from Africa.........................p.9

Finance/buying a home.............p.10

Guest columns..............11/14/20/21

World market basket...........p.12/13

Héritier Nosso............................p.15

Community org. News........p.16/17

Kinyarwanda..............................p.18

portuguese .................................p.19

outdoor learning.......................p.23

bus Shelters................................p.23

Ujamaa Policies And Women Gender Issues Of Land Tenure In Tanzania, Nasa S. Edgar

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

History has shown us that women always have a part to play in society and that they have fought to receive equal opportunity with their male counterparts. In the United States in the late 1800s and early twentieth century, this movement by women became known as the women’s suffrage movement. It paved the way to women fighting for equal opportunity including for the right to vote and equal pay. In Tanzania, women fought and continue to fight against customary practices that are discriminatory against them. In this thesis I make three arguments: 1. I argue that the history of the …

Oceanic Groundings: Maritime Geographies And Black Internationalism In The Early Twentieth Century, Maegan A. Miller

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation examines the shipboard writings, transnational solidarities and vernacular cultures, and spaces of social reproduction among Black and other subaltern seafarers and maritime travelers in the first decades of the twentieth century. I draw upon oral histories, literature, poetry, memoirs, and the archives of leftist political organizations and British colonial officials. Through a practice of close reading across textual genres and transnational spaces, my dissertation develops oceanic groundings as: (1) a constellation of iterative and intentional acts of political learning through the movements of ordinary people, (2) a pedagogical project of listening to and learning from the shifting grounds …

Rural Women In Kwara State (Nigeria) And Their Contributions To The Welfare Of Their Households, Abraham Falola, Segun B. Fakayode, Ajoke O. Kayode, Mujidat A. Amusa

Journal of International Women's Studies

The high incidence of poverty in the rural households calls for a concerted effort by all members of the household, including the women. Meanwhile, the discussion on the economic contribution of rural women in many developing countries has largely focused on national and regional levels with little or no concentration on their impact at their immediate household level. Therefore, this study examines the contribution of rural women to household welfare in Kwara State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 160 women in the rural area of the state using structured interview schedule. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, index ranking …

Julius Nyerere’S Understanding Of African Socialism, Human Rights And Equality, Fr. Innocent Simon Sanga, Ron Pagnucco

The Journal of Social Encounters

Julius Kambarage Nyerere, African philosopher, anti-colonial leader, first president of the United Republic of Tanzania, and respected international statesman, served as president of the newly independent Tanzania from 1964 through 1985., after which he remained politically active in Tanzania and on the global stage. Trying to steer a post-colonial course of self-reliance, he developed and implemented African Socialism in Tanzania, articulated in the Arusha Declaration in 1967. As an anti-colonial leader, Nyerere referred to international human rights standards such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and maintained a commitment to human rights as president and afterwards. In this essay …