Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- Ursinus College (2537)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (2030)
- University of South Florida (1877)
- Grand Valley State University (1653)
- Western Kentucky University (1308)
-
- City University of New York (CUNY) (981)
- Brigham Young University (968)
- College of the Holy Cross (949)
- Bridgewater State University (853)
- Liberty University (692)
- Morehead State University (684)
- Coastal Carolina University (627)
- Hollins University (575)
- Design Research Society (574)
- WellBeing International (572)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (543)
- Marquette University (504)
- Claremont Colleges (480)
- University of North Alabama (465)
- University of Central Florida (427)
- George Fox University (423)
- Andrews University (405)
- Portland State University (376)
- Purdue University (375)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (373)
- Thomas Jefferson University (373)
- Lawrence University (372)
- Western Michigan University (371)
- Louisiana State University (370)
- Asbury Theological Seminary (361)
- Keyword
-
- Newspaper (2552)
- Pennsylvania (2441)
- Collegeville (2431)
- Ursinus College (2065)
- Western Kentucky University (1040)
-
- Students (955)
- College publications (820)
- Newspapers (811)
- Grand Valley State University--Periodicals (809)
- Universities & colleges--Michigan--Allendale (809)
- Student publications (799)
- Gender (764)
- YMCA (763)
- College of the Holy Cross (Worcester (755)
- Football (751)
- MA) (749)
- Basketball (687)
- Alumni (681)
- YWCA (644)
- Grand Valley State University; Publications; Universities and colleges (629)
- Baseball (548)
- Faculty (532)
- History (501)
- Feminism (499)
- Field hockey (465)
- Florence (453)
- UNA (453)
- Flor-Ala (451)
- Florala (451)
- Athletics (449)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (1730)
- Nebraska Tractor Tests (1352)
- Theses and Dissertations (995)
- Ursinus Weekly Newspaper, 1902-1978 (987)
- WKU Administration Documents (964)
-
- Student Newspapers (673)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (638)
- Animal Sentience (538)
- Masters Theses (532)
- Ursinus College Grizzly Newspaper, 1978 to Present (509)
- All ETDs from UAB (483)
- Journal of International Women's Studies (463)
- Hollins Student Newspapers (453)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (402)
- Doctoral Dissertations and Projects (359)
- The Lawrentian (345)
- Honors Theses (336)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (313)
- DRS Biennial Conference Series (297)
- Morehead News Archive (272)
- Dissertations (267)
- Faculty Publications (251)
- International Journal of Transpersonal Studies (240)
- The Chanticleer Student Newspaper (239)
- Between the Species (233)
- The Comment (233)
- Publications and Research (227)
- CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture (223)
- Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection (218)
- The Independent and Montgomery Transcript Newspaper, 1952-1984 (218)
- Publication Type
Articles 9931 - 9960 of 47784
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Promoting The Educational Research Through An Open Access Institutional Repository Of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (Sco) Countries: An Analytical Study, Satyajit Nayak, Ayush Kumar Patel, Avadhesh Kumar Patel, Bijayananda Pradhan
Promoting The Educational Research Through An Open Access Institutional Repository Of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (Sco) Countries: An Analytical Study, Satyajit Nayak, Ayush Kumar Patel, Avadhesh Kumar Patel, Bijayananda Pradhan
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
The present study proposed to focus on the current status of SCO countries Open Access Institutional Repositories. Nowadays, institutional repositories play a vital role in promoting higher education systems and research and development. Data were obtained from the Directory of Open Access Institutional Repositories (DOAR) website. Then collected data have been analysed and represented in graphical formats to clearly understand the study results. The researchers also assessed the SCO countries’ contribution to various parameters such as type of repository, disciplines, languages interface, and software used to build institutional repository. The study's findings revealed that out of 214 repositories, the highest …
Faith Development Theory And A Developmental Approach To Spiritual Formation For The, Joshua Nolt
Faith Development Theory And A Developmental Approach To Spiritual Formation For The, Joshua Nolt
Doctor of Ministry
The Church has a strong vision of the beginning of a life of faith as men and women come to Christ, but it lacks a framework and language to articulate the continued development, growth, and formation of faith over a lifetime. The result is a group of leaders and followers who lack direction to facilitate a deeper participation in and formation of life with God. The external tools provided by the church do not quench the questions of their inward reality. This leads to identifying faith as doing and believing the right things, on one hand, or becoming disillusioned on …
Meshed Ministry: Retaining Young Adults During Their Complex Migration Into Adulthood, Randy Jumper
Meshed Ministry: Retaining Young Adults During Their Complex Migration Into Adulthood, Randy Jumper
Doctor of Ministry
Most studies indicate over two-thirds of churched young adults stop participating in church life one year after high school graduation. This generation represents one of the least churched generations in American history. After spending millions of dollars on elaborate children’s and youth programs, churches experience young adult attrition. Young adults themselves seem ill prepared for this life stage. Churches who do not intentionally address the needs of young adults or view the exodus as inevitable miss the mandate to facilitate lifelong followers of Jesus.
In Section One, a review of developmental markers, faith stage development theory, and the uniqueness of …
The Development Of A Robust, Self-Sustaining Internal Coaching Network, Harry Fritzenschaft
The Development Of A Robust, Self-Sustaining Internal Coaching Network, Harry Fritzenschaft
Doctor of Ministry
The problem this dissertation addresses is, like most problems, complex, multilayered, and contextual. In essence, I inherited the Multiply Vineyard (MV) internal coaching network, which was in decline, demotivated, not performing well, and in drastic need of refurbishing. The contextual realities of MV’s drastically reduced budgets and pandemic virtual training imperatives compelled me to be more innovative and adaptive. This paper's thesis is the entire MV coaching network infrastructure needs to be renovated and restructured to support MV’s church planting mission.
Section 2 describes MV's alternatives, including continuing our current communications and operations approach and framework. Another proposed solution option …
A Community's Responsibility To Help Unaccompanied Homeless Teens, Spokane Valley, Calvin Bruce Coblentz
A Community's Responsibility To Help Unaccompanied Homeless Teens, Spokane Valley, Calvin Bruce Coblentz
Doctor of Ministry
Homelessness is ubiquitous in communities across America. There are 1.5 million homeless school children annually. Over 125,000 are unaccompanied homeless youth detached from family. Many factors contribute to their homelessness, such as poverty, physical and sexual abuse, neglect, family conflict, addictions, mental illness, and sexual orientation. As difficult as it is in an abusive home, life does not usually improve when they depart. Homeless teens experience high rates of violence, sexual assault and exploitation, substance abuse, pregnancy, disease, leaving school, incarceration, unemployment, suicide, and dependency as adults.
This study explored the problem of unaccompanied teen homelessness in Eastern Spokane County, …
Dynamic Expansion: An Exploration Of Hospitality And Its Application To Foster Children And Families In Crisis, Sean Dean
Doctor of Ministry
The concept of hospitality has many applications. This dissertation is an exploration of hospitality using the American foster system as an example of how hospitality can be applied to an at-risk group.
Chapter 1 looks at the state foster care. There is an exploration of the two main reasons children enter foster care: neglect and drug offenses. Lastly, there is a look at the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study and how its results are contributing factors to the current state of foster care in the United States. Chapters 2 and 3 delve into the concept of hospitality, what it is …
Cultivating A Disciple-Centric Growth Culture In The International Church Of The Foursquare Gospel, Tammy Dunahoo
Cultivating A Disciple-Centric Growth Culture In The International Church Of The Foursquare Gospel, Tammy Dunahoo
Doctor of Ministry
Jesus said to his followers, “Go, make disciples of all nations,” and, “I will build my Church.”1 Through fifty years of emphasis on church growth, it would seem these roles have been reversed with pastors more focused on building big churches than equipping “the saints for the work of the ministry.”2 It begs the question, “Do we use people to grow the church instead of the church to grow the people?”
This dissertation focuses on the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel (ICFG) which has been affected by this mindset and now faces an aging ministerium and fewer potential young …
What Do You Think She’S Gonna Do With A Set Of Real Claws?: Gender, Race, And Sexuality In Onscreen Portrayals Of Women Werewolves, Ashleigh K. Williams
What Do You Think She’S Gonna Do With A Set Of Real Claws?: Gender, Race, And Sexuality In Onscreen Portrayals Of Women Werewolves, Ashleigh K. Williams
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This thesis analyzes 13 disparate portrayals of werewolfism in film and television as they relate to uncontrolled and uncontrollable femininity. A necessary component of this project is the visual assemblage: my findings are displayed in the format of a zine, in an attempt to capture the bright, furious, aggressive sensory experience of witnessing women becoming werewolves onscreen. Research questions include: How are conventionally masculine werewolf markers feminized in werewolf narratives? How are the women in these pieces of media ultimately punished for embodying creatures that aren’t feminine enough, or are too feminine in exactly the wrong ways? Many she-wolf centered …
Framing The Border: Liminality In The Network Narratives Of Alejandro González Iñárritu, Muhammad Muzammal
Framing The Border: Liminality In The Network Narratives Of Alejandro González Iñárritu, Muhammad Muzammal
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This thesis explores liminality conveyed as displacement before death in the network narrative films of Alejandro Gonzalez Iñárritu. Due to their depiction of existential crises and possibly fatal scenarios of several characters in different countries and regions, these network narrative films are colloquially referred to as the “Death Trilogy.” Therefore, rearranging the many strands of death-related abstractions and notions in these films around liminality becomes a jumping-off point to explore deeper layers of these works. Through interdisciplinary yet markedly film studies excavations, this thesis projects the liminal spaces of Iñárritu’s films onto border spaces. With borders considered as sites of …
Foreword: Interactions Between Religion And Medicine In Eastern Europe During The Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic: Social Context, Iurii Kuchyn, Nataliia Ishchuk
Foreword: Interactions Between Religion And Medicine In Eastern Europe During The Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic: Social Context, Iurii Kuchyn, Nataliia Ishchuk
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe
A special issue of OPREE, dedicated to the interaction of religion and medicine, is being released on the anniversary of the struggle of humankind against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Unfortunately, hopes of overcoming the infection quickly proved futile. The outbreak of this infectious disease has caused chaos in the private and social lives of billions of people. It changed the usual rhythm and forced people to obey new rules. For many people, it caused job and income loss and changes in personal priorities. For most people, the question of reappraisal of values arose when the need for self-realization gave way to …
Contextualizing And Defending The Gospel For Gen Z: A Chastened Rationalistic Approach To Christian Apologetics, Harry Edwards
Contextualizing And Defending The Gospel For Gen Z: A Chastened Rationalistic Approach To Christian Apologetics, Harry Edwards
Doctor of Ministry
This dissertation seeks to provide a solution to the declining Evangelical influence in the United States, particularly among Generation Z. The rise in number of those who do not subscribe to a particular religion (“nones”) has doubled in the last five years even amidst a steady church attendance and participation in religious activities. The popular Evangelical evaluation of this problem includes the idea that the cause is a lack or an insufficient amount of theology taught and learned. The popular response has been to increase theological knowledge churches and other places of learning. I am proposing, however, given the post-modern …
Calm And Quiet My Soul: A Holistic Approach To Spiritual Care For The Mothering Pastor, Alyssa Bell
Calm And Quiet My Soul: A Holistic Approach To Spiritual Care For The Mothering Pastor, Alyssa Bell
Doctor of Ministry
The church has seen a growing number of women emerging as pastoral leaders, many of whom are mothering children or will mother children in the coming years. In order to thrive as ministers and parents, these women need ongoing care for their souls that addresses the many facets of their being. However, such resources are scarce in the current institutional structures and spiritual patterns suggested for this demographic of clergy. In this dissertation I argue that Pastoring mothers face unique challenges in their desire to draw closer to heart of God in the midst of meeting family and ministry needs. …
The Invitation Of Desire For God Opened By The Stories Of Christian Mystics, Kathi Gatlin
The Invitation Of Desire For God Opened By The Stories Of Christian Mystics, Kathi Gatlin
Doctor of Ministry
As people are seeking to understand and find answers in the midst of making meaning of their life experiences, many are drawn to a deeper relationship with God. This dissertation proposes that the writings of Christian mystics, an ancient tradition of Christian spirituality, offer an invitation to a deeper understanding and relationship with God.
In this work, mysticism is defined as: Christian mysticism, at God’s invitation, is a journey of experientially knowing the God defined as Love. This journey leads to a knowing that is underneath the surface of rational thought and includes and transforms the whole self: body, mind, …
The Integration Of Roman Catholic Traditions And Evidence-Based Psychological Services, Thomas G. Plante
The Integration Of Roman Catholic Traditions And Evidence-Based Psychological Services, Thomas G. Plante
Psychology
The Roman Catholic Church is the largest, and most enduring continuous organization, secular or religious, of any kind in the world with a 2,000-plus-year history. It currently includes well over a billion people. Regardless of its size, scope, history, and impact, the Roman Catholic Church is often greatly misunderstood and people frequently maintain stereotypic and even discriminatory views about Catholics and their clerical leaders. The purpose of this article is to present the integration of the Roman Catholic tradition into psychological assessment and therapy and to provide several examples of this integration. The article highlights how this integration can be …
Eudaimonic Happiness As A Convergence Point For Religion And Medicine: The Ukrainian Context, Uliana Lushch-Purii
Eudaimonic Happiness As A Convergence Point For Religion And Medicine: The Ukrainian Context, Uliana Lushch-Purii
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe
The paper is aimed to present arguments for consideration of eudaimonic happiness as a convergence point between religion (Christian denominations) and medicine in the contemporary world in general and Ukraine in particular. Similarities between eudaimonic definition of happiness and traditional interpretation of happiness as a virtuous good life in historic Christianity are shown. The present tendency of modernized Christian denominations in Ukraine to elaborate a secular context of happiness concept is traced. Based on analysis of contemporary religious information resources and documents, it is shown that nowadays the majority of Christian denominations in Ukraine concur in considering happiness with others, …
Black History Month At The Swiss Embassy February 2020, C. Naseer Ahmad
Black History Month At The Swiss Embassy February 2020, C. Naseer Ahmad
Swiss American Historical Society Review
The Swiss Embassy in Washington has a unique place historically, diplomatically as well as culturally. It ties the United States with Switzerland in a way that no other diplomatic representative office can: the parcel of real estate on which the Swiss Ambassador’s residence is built on what was once considered as a possible location for the United States Congress.
Interrelation Of Religiousity And Physical Health Condition: Ukranian Case, Maksym Parashchevin
Interrelation Of Religiousity And Physical Health Condition: Ukranian Case, Maksym Parashchevin
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe
The role of religion for supporting of physical health is a popular and debatable topic. This topic can be considered from two sides – the impact of health condition on the acceptance of religious faith and the strength of its manifestation, and the possible impact of religious affiliation on the health. The analyses of the interrelation between religion and physical and mental health was made in many publications, but there was no such a publication as for Ukraine. We used here the data from the longitudal sociological survey, which shows that some indicators of health are worse among religious Ukrainians …
The Meaning Of “Phenomenology”: Qualitative And Philosophical Phenomenological Research Methods, Heath Williams
The Meaning Of “Phenomenology”: Qualitative And Philosophical Phenomenological Research Methods, Heath Williams
The Qualitative Report
I show some problems with recent discussions within qualitative research that centre around the “authenticity” of phenomenological research methods. I argue that attempts to restrict the scope of the term “phenomenology” via reference to the phenomenological philosophy of Husserl are misguided, because the meaning of the term “phenomenology” is only broadly restricted by etymology. My argument has two prongs: first, via a discussion of Husserl, I show that the canonical phenomenological tradition gives rise to many traits of contemporary qualitative phenomenological theory that are purportedly insufficiently genuine (such as characterisations of phenomenology as “what-its-likeness” and presuppositionless description). Second, I argue …
Should Biomedical Research With Great Apes Be Restricted? A Systematic Review Of Reasons, Bernardo Aguilera, Javiera Perez Gomez, David Degrazia
Should Biomedical Research With Great Apes Be Restricted? A Systematic Review Of Reasons, Bernardo Aguilera, Javiera Perez Gomez, David Degrazia
Philosophy Faculty Research and Publications
Background
The use of great apes (GA) in invasive biomedical research is one of the most debated topics in animal ethics. GA are, thus far, the only animal group that has frequently been banned from invasive research; yet some believe that these bans could inaugurate a broader trend towards greater restrictions on the use of primates and other animals in research. Despite ongoing academic and policy debate on this issue, there is no comprehensive overview of the reasons advanced for or against restricting invasive research with GA. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review of the reasons reported …
Serial Killer: Gustave Flaubert's Pro-Woman, Woman-Killing Madame Bovary, Francesca Montalti
Serial Killer: Gustave Flaubert's Pro-Woman, Woman-Killing Madame Bovary, Francesca Montalti
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This thesis will argue that Gustave Flaubert kills the women in Madame Bovary, all of whom are married and/ or mothers in the novel, in order to overtly represent the impossible conditions of womanhood and domestic life in nineteenth century France. Further, I will expose the ways in which Flaubert, through these killings, aims to release his woman characters from their lives of oppression and imprisonment, detailing their increasingly limited options in life and their lack of agency. Although Flaubert does attempt to give his women, in particular Emma Bovary, limited agency in the work, this agency is always …
Is This My Body? A Manual On Navigating Child Masturbation Without Shame, Stephanie M. Amis
Is This My Body? A Manual On Navigating Child Masturbation Without Shame, Stephanie M. Amis
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Children’s natural exploration of their bodies and sexual expression through masturbation is often considered to be taboo by many adults and caregivers. It is important that children are taught that they have the right to explore their own bodies, to express and experience any sexual developments that may be happening. A child can be innocent and still have the freedom to explore the biological processes of their sexuality. In early Christianity, 19th century physicians and some 20th century psychologists greatly influenced the negative attitudes around aspects of child sexuality such as masturbation that still thrive today. As far as child …
When Misclassification Is Misgendering: Gender Prediction In The Context Of Trans Identities, Sean Miller
When Misclassification Is Misgendering: Gender Prediction In The Context Of Trans Identities, Sean Miller
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
As a subdomain of author profiling, gender prediction (sometimes called gender inference) has received a substantial amount of attention—both as a task in itself, and for other downstream analyses. Throughout the existing literature various statistical and machine learning methods have been applied to extract features in order to either characterize and differentiate female and male writing styles, or simply to achieve maximum accuracy on gender prediction as a binary classification task. However, researchers often do not disclose how they conceptualize gender nor do they consider the implications that gender prediction has for non-binary and trans individuals. Along with an overview …
Cooperation: The Ethics Of Shared Agency, Jules F. Salomone-Sehr
Cooperation: The Ethics Of Shared Agency, Jules F. Salomone-Sehr
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Picture yourself at a Parisian café, gazing at people walking down the street. At first, they seem to be typical Parisians going about their own business. Until you realize, as you spot cameras, that they are all actors on a movie set. You thought you were in the midst of many individual actions, but it is now clear that each actor is playing their part in a different kind of activity: a shared activity.
Our capacity for shared agency is fundamental to our social lives. We make movies, sit in Parliament, and fight pandemics together. In my …
Teaching Choral Music Of The African Diaspora In The United States: Toward A “Living Black History”, H. Roz Woll
Teaching Choral Music Of The African Diaspora In The United States: Toward A “Living Black History”, H. Roz Woll
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In higher education choral curricula, the opportunity to study the breathtakingly rich scope of music rooted in Africa and the African diaspora with rigor and depth is often marginalized, neglected, or missing. If studied, it may be framed in the context of “other music” in contrast to music of the Western European canon, creating an oppositional framework rather than an interdependent one. Moreover, opportunities to study the political economy of this music in relationship to race, class, gender, and religion are lacking. This has multiple ramifications for music students’ preparedness to engage in global habits of citizenship in support of …
Understanding And Equipping Female Leadership At Prosperous Temple Church Of God In Christ, Jonathan R. Hackett
Understanding And Equipping Female Leadership At Prosperous Temple Church Of God In Christ, Jonathan R. Hackett
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Debates on whether women qualify to take up church leadership have persisted over the years. In 2016, there was an instance in Alabama where a woman was appointed as the assistant pastor of a church. Within three months of her service, the number of congregants dropped. Efforts by the church management to unravel the cause of the decline revealed that a majority of the people, particularly women, who canceled their church attendance were uncomfortable with women taking up leadership positions. The case informed this research, which will use the case study of Prosperous Temple Church of God in Christ. The …
Std Prevention: An Educational Intervention For Exotic Dancers, Maria Delurdes Dehoyos
Std Prevention: An Educational Intervention For Exotic Dancers, Maria Delurdes Dehoyos
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Centers for Disease Control and prevention reported nearly 2.3 million STD cases diagnosed in 2017, and the number is continuing to rise. San Antonio, Texas, is ranked third in the state of Texas with the highest STD rates and leading in the state with congenital syphilis. There is an increased risk for contracting STDs working in the sex industry. There are little to no studies pertaining to any educational interventions offered to exotic dancers to increase personal knowledge on STDs. This research has focused on an educational intervention offered by a nurse practitioner to exotic dancers in two adults-only …
Deterministic Republic, Kris H. Green
Deterministic Republic, Kris H. Green
Journal of Humanistic Mathematics
This story is an extension of the paper "Mathematics and Voter Choice" published in this same issue of the Journal of Humanistic Mathematics. It explores what elections and politics might look like from the voter perspective if some of the ideas from the paper were implemented. The story is also an attempt to highlight how mathematics and data science are done, much the way a colleague of mine refers to shows like CSI as recruiting tools that use "dramatic pipetting" in the labs to show day-to-day science in action. The story is, as you will no doubt see, heavily …
Gendered Space In The Javanese Noble House Of Pangeran Mertadireja Iii, Yesi Syafira Amalia, Irmawati Marwoto
Gendered Space In The Javanese Noble House Of Pangeran Mertadireja Iii, Yesi Syafira Amalia, Irmawati Marwoto
International Review of Humanities Studies
Javanese traditional house are built to reflect the microcosm and microcosm of the Javanese philosophy of living. For the Javanese, duality and balance are two important concepts, which is reflected spatially through the how their houses are organized: inside and outside, left and right, rest area and activity area, as well as masculine and feminine spaces. This research discusses the meaning of gendered space in the house nDalem Pangeranam Mertadireja III. Gendered space is the main focus of discussion because gendered activities both shape and are shaped by gendered spaces. Ndalem Pangeranan Mertadireja III is a traditional Javanese house built …
The Role Of Technology (Social Media) In Increasing The Awareness Of Healthy Life Styles And Strengthening Social Interactions: An Effort To Handle Covid-19 In The Micro Environment, Eko Wijayanto
International Review of Humanities Studies
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the interaction patterns and culture of society. The pretext of limiting interactions as the key to handle COVID-19 certainly has various challenges in its implementation in society. Regulators have promulgated various global and national policies (in macro level). It is necessary to ascertain whether the policy can be conveyed and implemented correctly at the micro-level in the community, which has various social and cultural characters. Neighborhood Association (known as Rukun Warga in Indonesia), as the smallest community in society, is undoubtedly the spearhead in ensuring all global and national policies can be carried out correctly. …
Heritage Politics And Museums During Japanese Occupation Period, 1942-1945, Ajeng Ayu Arainikasih
Heritage Politics And Museums During Japanese Occupation Period, 1942-1945, Ajeng Ayu Arainikasih
International Review of Humanities Studies
Before the World War II, approximately 25 museums were already established in colonial Indonesia. At that time, most of the museums were built by the Europeans to serve their interests. However, when the Dutch capitulated to the Japanese military government, what had happened to the existing museums in Indonesia were slightly known. Therefore, this research examines the history of the museum development during the Japanese occupation period in Indonesia in 1942-1945. The data gathered for this archival study are through magazine and newspaper articles published during the Japanese occupation period as well as through the archives of Arsip Nasional Indonesia, …