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Cultural Narratives Of Methamphetamine Using Parents And Children, Blake Beaton Jan 2021

Cultural Narratives Of Methamphetamine Using Parents And Children, Blake Beaton

All ETDs from UAB

People who use drugs are at a greater risk of being stigmatized than those who do not. Those who use drugs and parent children are at an even greater risk of stigmatization due to social expectations for parents to be accountable for their children. Therefore, it is acutely important that parents who use drugs form distinctions between themselves (i.e. good parents) and other drug using parents who are more deserving of social demonization. Previous research on drug users has demonstrated their attempts to distance themselves from other drug users using symbolic boundaries. These symbolic boundaries create clearer distinctions between oneself …

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Understanding And Improving The Police Response To Suspected Cases Of Human Trafficking, Lekendra Kidd Jan 2021

Understanding And Improving The Police Response To Suspected Cases Of Human Trafficking, Lekendra Kidd

All ETDs from UAB

Human trafficking has been on the rise since slavery was abolished in the 19th century. As the prevalence of human trafficking continues to rise, the criminals involved continue to develop more sophisticated ways to hide their crimes from the police. Accordingly, countless victims remain unidentified. Research shows there is a critical need for local law enforcement officers to be trained in how to identify and investigate cases of human trafficking, as well as to interact compassionately with and effectively help its victims. The purpose of the current study was to qualitatively investigate the human trafficking training currently provided to local …

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Pride In Policing: Perspectives Of Lgbtq Police Officers, Tyler Nixon Jan 2021

Pride In Policing: Perspectives Of Lgbtq Police Officers, Tyler Nixon

All ETDs from UAB

Most research studying diversity in policing has focused on women and people of color as the target groups to be recruited and hired. Few scholars have examined the topic of Lesbi-an, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Intersex, and Asexual (also known as LGBTQ+) individuals in law enforcement, resulting in a lack of awareness of their poten-tial benefits for the profession. Moreover, the few existing studies in this area tend to doc-ument the negative workplace experiences of openly gay officers, particularly with respect to their interactions with colleagues. While it is important to understand the challenges faced by nontraditional race and gender …

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From Deviance To Disease: How Congress Frames Opioid Use, 1994-2019, Stephanie Kirkland Jan 2021

From Deviance To Disease: How Congress Frames Opioid Use, 1994-2019, Stephanie Kirkland

All ETDs from UAB

Over the past thirty years, the use of opioids like heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, and hydrocodone led to tens of thousands of deaths from overdoses and caused a public health crisis. Researchers have noted the roles of various social organizations and groups in creating a public discourse around this topic and have studied the changing public views of opioid use in light of new scientific research. And yet, there remains a gap in research on the role of the members of Congress in this public discourse. These legislators pass policies that directly affect people who live with or who know someone …

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African American Women, Intimate Partner Violence, And Church Staff Support, Claudette Lynette Fields Jan 2021

African American Women, Intimate Partner Violence, And Church Staff Support, Claudette Lynette Fields

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

More than seven million women in America experience intimate partner violence (IPV), and this number increases daily within African American communities. While the secular community has strategically implemented policies to combat abuse, the Pentecostal church continues to experience challenges, not just in terms of awareness but also in developing programs to address the problem. Approximately 29.1% of African American women live in IPV relationships. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the lived experiences of (a) African American women in IPV relationships, and (b) engaging in initial support with Pentecostal church staff. These two criteria within criterion sampling …

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Exploring Formerly Incarcerated African American Males' Relationship With Their Children, Najjiyya Christine Arnold Jan 2021

Exploring Formerly Incarcerated African American Males' Relationship With Their Children, Najjiyya Christine Arnold

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore formerly incarcerated African American fathers’ perceptions on reestablishing relationships with their children. Prior to this study, little or no research had been conducted to examine how formerly incarcerated parents build relationships with their children. Data were collected through one-to-one, semi-structured interviews with 11 African American fathers 18 years and older who were formerly incarcerated and had one or more children under the age of 18 years while incarcerated. The theoretical frameworks for this study included Attachment Theory and African American Male Theory. These data were analyzed using the thematic analysis …

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The Lived Experiences Of Black Youth Who Recidivate In Diversion Programs, Justin Richards Jan 2021

The Lived Experiences Of Black Youth Who Recidivate In Diversion Programs, Justin Richards

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There are high rates of recidivism among U.S. Black youth when compared to other races, such as Whites and Hispanics. The purpose of the study was to examine the lived experiences of Black youth in the juvenile justice system and in diversion programs. Using a phenomenological qualitative method, twelve Black adults between the ages of 18 to 40 were interviewed about their lived experiences while participating in mental health courts and in-home probation as youth. The conceptual framework of the study was based on the risk, need, and responsivity model. The primary research question examined the lived experiences and perceptions …

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Relationship Between Religious Beliefs And Systems, Educational Levels, And Victim Blaming, Frances Runyon Jan 2021

Relationship Between Religious Beliefs And Systems, Educational Levels, And Victim Blaming, Frances Runyon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sexual assault and victim blaming are a severe problem. Being sexually assaulted increases the risk of physical and mental health issues for the victims. When the victims are blamed for being sexually assaulted, their physical and mental health issues increase substantially. Many victims do not seek help or support services because of the fear of being blamed. People believe in a just world, and blame the victims because it is more difficult to accept that bad things happen to good people. When people admit that bad things can happen to good people, they acknowledge that these things can happen to …

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Why Boys And Men Do Not Report Mental Or Physical Abuse, Retha Stewart Jan 2021

Why Boys And Men Do Not Report Mental Or Physical Abuse, Retha Stewart

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractThe focus of this study was on males who have experienced intimate partner violence. Abused men experience unique stressors that include societal minimization of the problem. This qualitative study examined the perceptions of abused men regarding mental health services and whether their attitudes about services have changed over time. Participants were men over the age of 18 who had previously been involved in a relationship where they were the victims of domestic violence. Six male participants who experienced abuse were interviewed. Upon the completion of the interviews, the process of phenomenological reduction aided in the recognition of the feelings and …

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Issues Facing Community-Based Social Workers When Providing Female Offenders With Reunification Services, Karen N. Vertti Jan 2021

Issues Facing Community-Based Social Workers When Providing Female Offenders With Reunification Services, Karen N. Vertti

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractThe goal with this action research project was to understand how community-based social workers (CBSWs) could address female offenders’ and their children’s needs while striving to reintegrate them into the community of Central Los Angeles County, California. Postrelease female offenders with children suffer from a variety of issues related to housing, employment, and personal childhood trauma. The trauma exacerbates the risk of revictimization and recidivism. CBSWs play a pivotal role in helping female offenders overcome barriers to successful reentry and reunify with their children. This study incorporated Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory which provided a systems lens to this project. The …

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Modern Black Codes: Presidential Crime Control Rhetoric And Black Criminalization, Earnest Ujaama Jan 2021

Modern Black Codes: Presidential Crime Control Rhetoric And Black Criminalization, Earnest Ujaama

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The rate of Black imprisonment in the United States is nearly 6 times that of Whites. Wholesale criminalization of Black Americans denote institutional racism within America’s criminal justice system. Limited research is available examining crime control rhetoric of U.S. presidents to determine if Blacks are constructed as criminals through carefully coded crime control discourse. The purpose of this qualitative, case study was to investigate whether presidents used language that construct Black criminality. A social construction theoretical framework and critical discourse analysis was applied. The data used for this study included scripted speeches. The collection of data began with 54 speeches …

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Administrator And Practitioner Perspectives On Trauma-Focused Interventions For Incarcerated Male Juvenile Offenders, Tatrina Bailey Jan 2021

Administrator And Practitioner Perspectives On Trauma-Focused Interventions For Incarcerated Male Juvenile Offenders, Tatrina Bailey

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractThe juvenile justice system of the United States has about two million adolescents under the age of 18 years, of which 85% are male. Seventy to ninety percent of juvenile offenders were exposed to some type of trauma, causing the U.S. Department of Justice to a call for instituting trauma-informed procedures in the juvenile justice system. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore facility administrators’ and practitioners’ perceptions of their roles in administering and choosing to administer trauma-focused treatment interventions to incarcerated male juvenile offenders. Using the theory of social construction of policy, the research questions focused on …

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The Doctrinal Basis Of Islamic Utterances Associated With Domestic Assaults, William Andrew Arthur Gawthrop Jan 2021

The Doctrinal Basis Of Islamic Utterances Associated With Domestic Assaults, William Andrew Arthur Gawthrop

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractBetween March 1977, and February 2020, there have been 78 instances of ideologically motivated murders and attempted murders in the United States. These instances were characterized as individual-based attacks against other individuals and treated as local crime. However, in each instance, there were indications of Islamic religious overtones characterized by Islamic religious utterances made by the attackers. The overall problem addressed in this study was the lack of research on the utterances associated with religiously based autonomous self-actualization resulting in homicides and assaults: jihad applied as street crime. The key research questions are: What are the utterances associated with Islamic-based …

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Stigmatization Of In Transit Migration And The Devaluation Of Humanitarian Aid Resource Labor, Gabriela Perez Laurent Jan 2021

Stigmatization Of In Transit Migration And The Devaluation Of Humanitarian Aid Resource Labor, Gabriela Perez Laurent

Master's Theses

This analysis aims to gain insight into migrant stigmatization and the devaluation of humanitarian aid labor. Building off previous feminist scholarship on unpaid labor, this thesis seeks to add to our understanding of the dynamics of gendered devaluation of not only humanitarian volunteer labor, but also humanitarian aid support to stigmatized populations. The analysis expands on the production of illegalization and highlights the effects of stigmatization highlights the effects of stigmatization upon in transit populations on Tohono O'odham lands. Erin Hatton's framework of devaluation is applied to humanitarian aid distribution to analyze the devaluation of their labor due to proximity …

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'It's Time For One Of Us': A Feminist Rhetorical Analysis Of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's First Term In Congress, Sarah Ives Hopkins Jan 2021

'It's Time For One Of Us': A Feminist Rhetorical Analysis Of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's First Term In Congress, Sarah Ives Hopkins

Senior Independent Study Theses

Although the U.S. political sphere remains predominantly white and predominantly male, it has grown more diverse with each recent election cycle. Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez has been one of those new voices in Congress, advocating for progressive policies such as the Green New Deal, the abolition of ICE, and universal healthcare. This study sought to better understand the rhetorical strategies Ocasio-Cortez utilized throughout her first term in Congress to challenge hegemonies. Through a feminist critique, I contend she utilized variations of reframing, generating new perspectives, enacting, and juxtaposing incongruities to maneuver issues mainly of sexism and classism. These strategies, in turn, …

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จากการคุมขังสู่การแก้ไขฟื้นฟู: การเปลี่ยนแปลงของการราชทัณฑ์ไทยสมัยใหม่ พ.ศ. 2433-2506, ศรัญญู เทพสงเคราะห์ Jan 2021

จากการคุมขังสู่การแก้ไขฟื้นฟู: การเปลี่ยนแปลงของการราชทัณฑ์ไทยสมัยใหม่ พ.ศ. 2433-2506, ศรัญญู เทพสงเคราะห์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ราชทัณฑ์หรือการลงโทษของรัฐเป็นกลไกหนึ่งของกระบวนการยุติธรรมทางอาญาและเป็นเครื่องมือในการใช้อำนาจของรัฐอย่างชัดเจนและตรงไปตรงมาผ่านการลงทัณฑ์ผู้ฝ่าฝืนกฎหมายหรือระเบียบทางศีลธรรมของผู้มีอำนาจ วิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้มีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อศึกษากำเนิดและการเปลี่ยนแปลงของการราชทัณฑ์ไทยสมัยใหม่ในช่วง พ.ศ. 2433-2506 โดยพิจารณาแนวคิด วิธีการ รวมถึงปฏิบัติการลงทัณฑ์สมัยใหม่ของรัฐไทย จากการศึกษาพบว่าบริบทการเมืองภายในของรัฐไทยกับแนวคิดและการปฏิสัมพันธ์กับความรู้เกี่ยวกับการลงโทษรูปแบบใหม่ ๆ จากภายนอก เป็นเงื่อนไขสำคัญที่ทำให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงของงานราชทัณฑ์ไทยสมัยใหม่ โดยการเปลี่ยนแปลงนี้สามารถแบ่งออกได้เป็น 3 ระลอก ได้แก่ ยุคสมัยสมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชย์ ยุคสมัยคณะราษฎร และยุคสมัยเผด็จการทหาร งานราชทัณฑ์ไทยยังสามารถเผยให้เห็นกรอบแนวคิด 4 แบบเกี่ยวกับรัฐไทยสมัยใหม่ ได้แก่ (1) ทัศนคติและการควบคุมพลเมืองของรัฐไทยในแต่ละช่วงเวลา (2) การปรับใช้แนวคิดและวิธีการลงทัณฑ์สมัยใหม่ให้เข้ากับปฏิบัติการทางวัฒนธรรมในสังคมไทย (3) ความสลับซับซ้อนและความคลุมเครือของการใช้อำนาจในการลงทัณฑ์ของรัฐไทย และ (4) ข้อจำกัดและสภาวะยกเว้นในการลงทัณฑ์สมัยใหม่ของรัฐไทย

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Tracking The Racial Validity Of Placement By Probability, Annie M. Del Principe, Lesley Broder, Lauren Levesque Jan 2021

Tracking The Racial Validity Of Placement By Probability, Annie M. Del Principe, Lesley Broder, Lauren Levesque

Publications and Research

Any placement decision is a gamble on the validity of the mech- anism used. The better the placement mechanism matches the actual pro- ficiencies required for success in a future, real-life context, the more accu- rately it will place students into the best classes for them and the more valid it will prove to be. But what happens if the most obvious, commonsensical approaches to placement that would appear to have the strongest validity— writing tests for placement into writing classes—prove unreliable? Rather than accurately placing students into the “right” class for them, we now know that writing placement tests …

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Gvsu Undergraduate And Graduate Catalog, 2021-2022, Grand Valley State University Jan 2021

Gvsu Undergraduate And Graduate Catalog, 2021-2022, Grand Valley State University

Course Catalogs, 1963 - Current

Grand Valley State University 2021-2022 undergraduate and graduate course catalog. Course catalogs are published annually to provide students with information and guidance for enrollment.

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A History Of Distrust: How Knowing The Law Impacts African American Males' Perceptions Of Police Encounters, Glynell R. Horn Jr. Jan 2021

A History Of Distrust: How Knowing The Law Impacts African American Males' Perceptions Of Police Encounters, Glynell R. Horn Jr.

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

From its inception American Law Enforcement was built from a racially motivated system in which African Americans were subject to discriminatory treatment. Unfortunately, that treatment still persists in modern day policing, which is highlighted by the deaths of Eric Garner and George Floyd to name a few. There is no surprise that law enforcement needs to improve trust with the African American community; however there is a dire need for a new approach. This study is unique because unlike previous research this study focuses solely on African American males that reside in disenfranchised communities that are most at risk for …

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Exploring The Perspectives Of Service Providers Who Assist Men Subjected To Intimate Partner Violence, Abigail White Jan 2021

Exploring The Perspectives Of Service Providers Who Assist Men Subjected To Intimate Partner Violence, Abigail White

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been largely associated with male perpetrators and female victims (Drijber, Reijnders & Ceelen, 2013). Although women are more likely to be victims of IPV, men are also victimized at the hands of their intimate partners (Statistics Canada, 2013). As such, academic literature has tended to focus on the experiences of women subjected to IPV while the experiences of men subjected to IPV remain under explored (Machado, Santos, Graham-Kaven, & Matos, 2017). The limited literature pertaining to the experiences of men has consistently found that men are largely dissatisfied with help-seeking services. Another consistent finding within …

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When Is A Child Not A Child? When They Offend. The Minimum Age Of Criminal Responsibility In Western Australia: Insights From The Public, Natalie Gately, Suzanne Rock, James Finney Jan 2021

When Is A Child Not A Child? When They Offend. The Minimum Age Of Criminal Responsibility In Western Australia: Insights From The Public, Natalie Gately, Suzanne Rock, James Finney

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

In 2016, Australia was in the international spotlight after an 11-year-old child became the ‘youngest known person’ to be charged with murder (Booth, 2016). The minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) in Australia is 10 years old, with children being charged, trialled, sentenced, and imprisoned for breaking the law. In response to the case, Amnesty International called on the Australian Government to raise the MACR to 12 years, noting that ‘Australia’s out-of-step laws dictate’ that this boy could be held criminally responsible (Booth, 2016; O’Brien & Fitz-Gibbon, 2017). Australia has been under constant national and international pressure to align its …

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Heeding The Call Of Covid-19, David Wiebers, Valery Feigin Jan 2021

Heeding The Call Of Covid-19, David Wiebers, Valery Feigin

Animal Sentience

We are grateful to all of our commentators. They have provided a wide range of valuable perspectives and insights from many fields, revealing a broad interest in the subject matter. Nearly all the commentaries have helped to affirm, refine, expand, amplify, deepen, interpret, elaborate, or apply the messages in the target article. Some have offered critiques and suggestions that help us address certain issues in greater detail, including several points concerning industrialized farming and the wildlife trade. Overall, there is great awareness and strong consensus among commentators that any solution for preventing future pandemics and other related health crises must …

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Indigenous Women: Violence, Vulnerability And Cultural Protective Factors, Christina M. Agloinga Jan 2021

Indigenous Women: Violence, Vulnerability And Cultural Protective Factors, Christina M. Agloinga

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The disproportionate rates of violent crimes, historical oppression, and cultural assimilation disrupted the traditional practices and belief system within Alaskan Native communities, thus changing the influence of protective factors that support balance and equality for women. Identifying protective factors provided by cultural practices that support resiliency provides an increased understanding of how cultural strengths can combat distorted stereotypes within the criminal justice system. This study included characteristics of a phenomenological, narrative, and ethnographic study. The social constructionist framework and the social construction of target populations theory was used to explore how traditional cultural practices can influence the current gender identity, …

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Texas Risk Assessment System (Tras) - An Analysis Of Post Incarcerated Females, Rebecca Pastrana Jan 2021

Texas Risk Assessment System (Tras) - An Analysis Of Post Incarcerated Females, Rebecca Pastrana

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Prediction of recidivism and risk has become one of the most important elements of an effective assessment in the U.S. prison system. Assessments conducted in the state of Texas prior to 2014 were not gender specific to female offenders. In 2015, Texas introduced a new risk/assessment tool known as Texas Risk Assessment System (TRAS) to identify and address differences in male and female offenders. The importance of the TRAS is that it helps identify female offenders’ needs, motivations, and factors that contribute to their reoffending. TRAS helps determine who requires higher levels of supervision, treatment, and/or other services. This quantitative …

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Black Citizens Experiences And Interactions With Police In Coffee County, Brittany Nicole Palmer Jan 2021

Black Citizens Experiences And Interactions With Police In Coffee County, Brittany Nicole Palmer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Media attention directed towards the relationship between law enforcement officers and communities of color has increased in recent years, specifically regarding the treatment of African Americans. In some cases, contact between police and African Americans had resulted in excessive and unjustified use of force. These types of occurrences have resulted in a divide between African Americans and police officers. The purpose of this phenomenological research study was to understand African Americans’ experiences and interactions with police in communities with less-than-optimal working relations in Coffee County, Georgia. The theoretical framework for this study is the normative sponsorship theory. Data were collected …

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African American Males’ Unemployment And Their Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Level: A Correlational Examination Of An Exceptional People, Devin J. Smith Jan 2021

African American Males’ Unemployment And Their Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Level: A Correlational Examination Of An Exceptional People, Devin J. Smith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African American males possess the highest unemployment rates compared to all racial and gender demographics in America, which has persisted since the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics began measuring unemployment. Consequently, African American males are more likely to live in poverty and less likely to own businesses. The purpose of this quantitative nonexperimental correlational study was to ascertain relationships and predictions between African American males’ unemployment and their entrepreneurial self-efficacy level. The theoretical frameworks of this study employed the critical race theory, institutional/systemic racism, and the entrepreneurial self-efficacy theory. Accordingly, using random, convivence, and snowball sampling, 558 African American …

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The Social Work Perspective Regarding The Underutilization Of Mental Health Services Among African American Families, Carissma Tempest Hughes Jan 2021

The Social Work Perspective Regarding The Underutilization Of Mental Health Services Among African American Families, Carissma Tempest Hughes

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The underutilization of mental health services amongst African American families has been a long-standing concern in the African American community within large metropolitan cities in Texas. The metropolitan cities are Austin, Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston, San Antonio and McAllen. There remain experiences that impede families’ ability to engage in mental health services. These experiences involve the conflict between prayer and therapy, stigma, lack of awareness of local mental health services, and cultural competency. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore experiences of African American families and how those experiences affect mental health engagement, as well as how practicing …

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The Role Of Organizational Socialization On The Ethical Orientation Of Male Police Officers, Megan Marie Bessey Jan 2021

The Role Of Organizational Socialization On The Ethical Orientation Of Male Police Officers, Megan Marie Bessey

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A gap in literature exists surrounding years of service, training, and ethical attitudes within the law enforcement industry. The proposed hypothesis was that years of service in law enforcement and hours of in-service training were interactively related to an officer's ethical attitudes as related to ethical orientation. The purpose of this study was to examine organizational socialization within the law enforcement profession, specifically as demonstrated through the interaction effects of factors relating to ethical orientation and scores measured by the Ethics Position Questionnaire of male Northern Kentucky and Southern Oregon police officers. The major theoretical propositions for this study came …

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Impact Of Incarceration On The Maternal Identities Of African American Women, Shameka Roshe Davis Jan 2021

Impact Of Incarceration On The Maternal Identities Of African American Women, Shameka Roshe Davis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There are minimal studies that have analyzed the impact and consequences of multiple incarcerations among African American mothers regarding their maternal identity and relationships. With this study, how African American women perceive the impact of their multiple incarcerations, relationships with their children, ability to parent their children, and how they negotiate their own maternal identity was examined. This study was completed in Las Vegas, Nevada and involved a multiple case study format and sample of 12 African American women who have experienced multiple incarcerations and have already been released from prison. Perspectives of participants were examined through a sequence of …

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A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of African American Women In Undergraduate Stem Degree Programs, Vernon H. Smith Jan 2021

A Phenomenological Study Of The Lived Experiences Of African American Women In Undergraduate Stem Degree Programs, Vernon H. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

This applied dissertation was designed to provide a better understanding of the lived experiences of African American women in STEM undergraduate degree programs at a 4-year degree granting institution in the southernmost part of central Virginia. The central problem is that there is disparity between the number of African American women with STEM degrees and that of other races in the STEM job market. The existing literature has gaps in the research of African American women’s perception of undergraduate STEM programs. Further, the researcher posits there is a lack of consideration for diversity that is detrimental to the United States; …

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