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A Magical Amulet From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 127–132), Gabriel Mazor Jan 2025

A Magical Amulet From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 127–132), Gabriel Mazor

'Atiqot

A magical amulet, discovered in a burial cave within the Roman-period cemetery on Sallah ed-Din Street, is made from cobalt glass and is of fair workmanship. The amulet is engraved on the obverse with the image of Artemis/Diana in a frontal hunting posture, and on the reverse, with Greek letters. This finding supports the assumption that the cave may have served the family of a Roman veteran of the Tenth Legion, who resided in Aelia Capitolina sometime during the second–third centuries CE.

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Chemical And Isotopic Study Of Lead-Based Objects From A Late Roman Tomb On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 133–138), Irina Segal Jan 2025

Chemical And Isotopic Study Of Lead-Based Objects From A Late Roman Tomb On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 133–138), Irina Segal

'Atiqot

Several lead-based artifacts, discovered in a cist tomb (T2200) within the Late Roman-period cemetery on Sallah ed-Din Street, were analyzed in order to elucidate their chemical composition and provenance. The chemical composition of some of the objects seems to point to a mining source located in central Britain. It seems reasonable to suggest that soldiers of the Roman army brought these lead objects to Jerusalem.

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Coins From Excavations On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 125–126), Gabriela Bijovsky Jan 2025

Coins From Excavations On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 125–126), Gabriela Bijovsky

'Atiqot

During excavations on Sallah ed-Din Street, three bronze coins were discovered: one, a prutah of Agrippa I, is related to the Second Temple-period quarry and the other two belong to the Late Roman cemetery. One of the latter coins was discovered within the skull of the deceased, suggesting the pagan custom related to Charon’s obol. The second coin from the cemetery was perforated, and might have been used as a pendant.

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Human Skeletal Remains From Late Roman Tombs On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–79), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Human Skeletal Remains From Late Roman Tombs On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–79), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Poorly preserved human skeletal remains, belonging to at least 77 individuals, were recovered from Burial Cave I and 43 rock-cut cist tombs on Sallah ed-Din Street. Most of the cist tombs contained a single primary burial. Pathologies in the sample include three traumatic lesions, which are relatively common in skeletal populations. Individuals from both sexes were almost equally represented; infants were underrepresented. The burials indicate a civilian population, similar to other reported Roman-Byzantine populations in the country.

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Late Roman Funerary Customs In Light Of The Grave Goods From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 81–123), Tamar Winter Jan 2025

Late Roman Funerary Customs In Light Of The Grave Goods From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 81–123), Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The burial ground on Sallah ed-Din Street yielded many glass vessels and numerous gold, lead, copper/bronze, iron, glass, wood, shell and bone artifacts. The glass vessels and the various artifacts from the cemetery resemble finds from other Late Roman burials in Jerusalem and its vicinity. It can be inferred that some of the interred in the cemetery on Sallah ed-Din Street were foreigners, perhaps soldiers in the Roman army and their families.

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Excavations On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem, And The Northern Cemetery Of Aelia Capitolina (Pp. 45–71), Gideon Avni, Zubeir Adawi Jan 2025

Excavations On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem, And The Northern Cemetery Of Aelia Capitolina (Pp. 45–71), Gideon Avni, Zubeir Adawi

'Atiqot

Excavations west of Sallah ed-Din Street exposed 57 cist tombs and 4 rock-cut burial caves within one of Jerusalem’s largest ancient burial grounds. A relatively large amount of grave goods was recovered from the tombs, including pottery, glass vessels, lead objects and jewelry. None of the finds exhibit Jewish or early Christian ornamentation, thus indicating that these communities were not among the population of Aelia Capitolina at the time. The area was exploited as an open quarry during the late Second Temple period, and some of the Late Roman tombs were cut into that quarry. Following the abandonment of the …

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Glass Finds From Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Pp. 35–44), Natalya Katsnelson Jan 2025

Glass Finds From Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Pp. 35–44), Natalya Katsnelson

'Atiqot

The excavations at Ketef Hinnom yielded 347 glass fragments, including a large amount of Ottoman-period and modern glass. The Roman-period glass fragments date to the first–early third centuries CE, including two bowls, a beaker, a jug, candlestick bottles and a small cosmetic bottle. A significant find is a rare, mold-blown ‘Sidonian’ juglet. The few glass finds that can be associated with the Byzantine period comprise a wineglass, an oil lamp, two small glass tesserae and several windowpane fragments.

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The Coins From The Excavations At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 59*–65*; English Summary, P. 144), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

The Coins From The Excavations At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 59*–65*; English Summary, P. 144), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

In the excavations at Ketef Hinnom, 51 coins were found and 26 were identified. The Byzantine-period coins are all of small denominations, and do not postdate the mid-sixth century CE. This finding is of importance regarding the identification of the Byzantine church uncovered at the site.

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Skeletal Remains From The Excavations At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 55*–58*; English Summary, P. 143), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Skeletal Remains From The Excavations At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 55*–58*; English Summary, P. 143), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

The skeletal remains from the burial tombs at Ketef Hinnom date to Iron Age II and the Late Roman period. The bones from the Iron Age were scattered in a repository located in a Second Temple-period quarry; they probably belonged to a Jewish population. The bones from the Late Roman period were found in several tombs that contained mostly one interred; these burials seem to represent a pagan population. Bones from the Byzantine period were documented solely in previous excavations at the site.

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Faunal Remains From The 1994–1996 Excavations At The Temple Mount, Jerusalem (Pp. 19–34), Ronny Reich, Ya'akov Billig, Dalia Hakker-Orion, Omri Lernau Jan 2025

Faunal Remains From The 1994–1996 Excavations At The Temple Mount, Jerusalem (Pp. 19–34), Ronny Reich, Ya'akov Billig, Dalia Hakker-Orion, Omri Lernau

'Atiqot

This study focused on the faunal remains (N = 3618) retrieved from three strata unearthed above the Second Temple-period stone-paved road along the southern part of the western wall of the Temple Mount. The three strata date to the Early Roman (first century BCE and first century CE–70 CE; Stratum 4), the Late Roman–Byzantine (second–sixth centuries CE; Stratum 3) and the Early Islamic (seventh–eighth centuries CE; Stratum 2) periods. The faunal remains from the Early Roman period reflect the large amounts of waste created by the various populations in the city, with a predominance of Jewish pilgrims. Following the destruction …

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A Cemetery, A Quarry And Remains Of A Church At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 23*–53*; English Summary, Pp. 141–142), Rina Avner, Yehiel Zelinger Jan 2025

A Cemetery, A Quarry And Remains Of A Church At Ketef Hinnom, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 23*–53*; English Summary, Pp. 141–142), Rina Avner, Yehiel Zelinger

'Atiqot

The excavations at the site exposed the remains of two burial caves from Iron Age II, which were destroyed by quarrying activity during the Second Temple period. The area was exploited again for burial during the Late Roman period. This later cemetery held evidence of cremation—a burial custom attributed to the pagan population living in Jerusalem after the fall of the Second Temple. The architectural finds from the Byzantine period confirmed the previous identification of auxiliary rooms next to the apse of the church. The finds include pottery and stone objects dating to Iron Age II and the Persian, early …

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Coins From Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (Pp. 13–17), Donald T. Ariel Jan 2025

Coins From Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (Pp. 13–17), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

During the excavation at Ras el-‘Amud, 27 bronze coins were found, 22 of which were identified. The coins date from the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods, and include several coins minted during the Jewish War, the latest from Year 4 (69/70 CE).

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An Israelite Basketry-Box Sealing From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 1–12), Baruch Brandl Jan 2025

An Israelite Basketry-Box Sealing From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 1–12), Baruch Brandl

'Atiqot

A clay sealing was retrieved from the Iron Age II building uncovered in the Western Wall Plaza excavations. It was identified as Israelite, based on typological and stylistic grounds, as well as on the geo-political distribution of such seals. The basketry-box sealing seems to have reached Judah either during the ninth century BCE, or in the hands of a refugee during the last decades of the eighth century BCE, between 850 and 722 BCE.

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Iron Age And Second Temple-Period Remains At Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Tamar Winter) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–21*; English Summary, Pp. 139–140), Alla Nagorsky, Zvi Greenhut Jan 2025

Iron Age And Second Temple-Period Remains At Ras El-‘Amud, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Tamar Winter) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–21*; English Summary, Pp. 139–140), Alla Nagorsky, Zvi Greenhut

'Atiqot

The excavation in the neighborhood of Ras el-‘Amud yielded meager architectural remains. In the western area of the excavation, a large building, with two construction phases, was exposed. It was dated by pottery to the Second Temple period (second century BCE–70 CE), and was probably destroyed during the Jewish War. The northern area of the site yielded the remains of two walls and a floor. The pottery and coins associated with these remains date to the Iron Age and the Second Temple period. It seems that the building was an isolated dwelling located outside the urban zone, in an area …

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An Ancient Wall Built To Prevent Erosion On The Bank Of Naḥal Sha‘Al In The Northern ‘Akko Plain (Hebrew, Pp. 93–99; English Summary, P. 92*), Nimrod Getzov, Hanaa Abu-‘Uqsa, Noam Greenbaum, Dina Vachtman, Moshe Inbar Jan 2025

An Ancient Wall Built To Prevent Erosion On The Bank Of Naḥal Sha‘Al In The Northern ‘Akko Plain (Hebrew, Pp. 93–99; English Summary, P. 92*), Nimrod Getzov, Hanaa Abu-‘Uqsa, Noam Greenbaum, Dina Vachtman, Moshe Inbar

'Atiqot

Excavations near the Naḥal Sha‘al streambed exposed a massive wall aligned in a roughly north–south direction. The eastern side of the wall is constructed of dressed stones cemented with lime mortar; the western side is irregular. At the base of the wall, a slope was constructed of lime mortar, reaching, at its thickest, up to one meter in width. Based on the scant pottery finds from the mortar fill between the stones, the construction appears to date from the Late Roman period. The wall would appear to have been constructed to prevent erosion of the bank at this particular place.

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Was Shiqmona Devastated By An Earthquake In The Seventh Century Ce? (Pp. 53*–55*), Eldad Barzilay Jan 2025

Was Shiqmona Devastated By An Earthquake In The Seventh Century Ce? (Pp. 53*–55*), Eldad Barzilay

'Atiqot

Excavations at Tel Shiqmona have revealed that the Byzantine city was demolished in an abrupt and violent event during the seventh century CE. During excavations carried out to the southeast of Tel Shiqmona, some wall deformations were observed. The nature of these deformations is described and evaluated in this paper.

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Remains Of The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods At Kafr Kanna (Pp. 57*–84*), Hervé Barbé, Anastasia Shapiro Jan 2025

Remains Of The Mamluk And Ottoman Periods At Kafr Kanna (Pp. 57*–84*), Hervé Barbé, Anastasia Shapiro

'Atiqot

Two separate areas (Areas 10 and 20) were excavated on Churches Street in Kafr Kanna. In Area 10, five phases were observed, ranging in date from the Mamluk (construction phase) through the Ottoman (destruction phase) periods. The pottery finds display a relatively homogeneous Mamluk-period corpus, including glazed and unglazed wares, which date between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries CE. The pottery finds and the stone objects (e.g., grinding and crushing tools) attest to domestic activities. In Area 20, remains of wall segments and floors were encountered. The dismantling of the floors, and the excavation of the intermediate fills, produced some …

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Roman And Byzantine Coins From The Excavation On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Pp. 41*–51*), Robert Kool Jan 2025

Roman And Byzantine Coins From The Excavation On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Pp. 41*–51*), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

A total of 194 coins were uncovered on the eastern fringes of Tel Shiqmona; 71 of them were identified. Except for one Seleucid-period coin, minted in Tyre during the second century BCE, all the coins belong to one continuous period beginning in the early fourth century and ending with the reign of the Byzantine emperor Maurice (582–602 CE).

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Marble Items From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 135–142; English Summary, P. 96*), Ira Barash Jan 2025

Marble Items From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 135–142; English Summary, P. 96*), Ira Barash

'Atiqot

Marble items found in the excavation at Tel Shiqmona include fragments of chancel screens, one of them decorated with the head of an animal—a ram or sheep; Corinthian capitals, characteristic of the fifth–sixth centuries CE; a column; carved items; and pavers and wall liners. Most of the marble items were found in a building that was probably a church, located in Area D/E.

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The Mosaic From The Building (Church?) On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 143–145; English Summary, P. 97*), Ira Barash Jan 2025

The Mosaic From The Building (Church?) On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 143–145; English Summary, P. 97*), Ira Barash

'Atiqot

The mosaic was discovered in a building identified as a church, which was uncovered in Area D/E at Tel Shiqmona. The tesserae, of limestone, occur in shades of white, black, turquoise, red and yellow. The pattern of the central carpet is one of intertwined circles that form a motif of adjacent Maltese crosses. Based on the ceramic finds that were recovered from the bedding and the fill below it, the mosaic should be dated to the beginning of the seventh century CE.

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Glass Vessels From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 131–134; English Summary, P. 95*), Ira Barash Jan 2025

Glass Vessels From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 131–134; English Summary, P. 95*), Ira Barash

'Atiqot

More than 1000 fragments of glass vessels were found in the excavation along the eastern fringes of Tel Shiqmona, of which c. 625 were identified. All the vessels were free-blown and produced from colorless, bluish green and greenish glass. The vessels include bowls, lamps, cups and goblets, a jar and bottles. They are of types that are

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Late Byzantine Buildings On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 99–129; English Summary, Pp. 93*–94*), Hagit Torge, Uzi ‘Ad Jan 2025

Late Byzantine Buildings On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 99–129; English Summary, Pp. 93*–94*), Hagit Torge, Uzi ‘Ad

'Atiqot

Excavations at Tel Shiqmona, located on the southern outskirts of Haifa, revealed the remains of ashlar-built residential structures (Areas A–C); a large building, probably a basilica church (Area D/E); a foundation of a (city?) wall (Area F); two compounds (Area G), probably part of an industrial area; and a rock-hewn well (Area H). Based on the pottery vessels, metal artifacts, glass finds and coins, it seems that the buildings in Areas A–E were constructed during the second half of the sixth century CE, and were probably part of a neighborhood situated along the eastern fringes of the settlement. The buildings …

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The Flint Assemblage From South Ḥorbat Tittora (Pp. 25*–32*), Vladimir Zbenovich Jan 2025

The Flint Assemblage From South Ḥorbat Tittora (Pp. 25*–32*), Vladimir Zbenovich

'Atiqot

The flint assemblage consists of 311 items, which were collected in salvage excavations near Ḥorbat Tittora, in Modi‘in. Most of the complete bifacials are characteristic of early Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) assemblages, while several tools have close parallels in assemblages of the later PPNB horizon. Two flint items were dated to subsequent periods: the Chalcolithic period and Early Bronze Age I–II.

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Three Persian-Period Metallic Finger Rings From Burial Cave 2, South Ḥorbat Tittora (Pp. 33*–40*), Baruch Brandl Jan 2025

Three Persian-Period Metallic Finger Rings From Burial Cave 2, South Ḥorbat Tittora (Pp. 33*–40*), Baruch Brandl

'Atiqot

Three metal finger rings were found in a repository in a burial cave, excavated at South Ḥorbat Tittora. The rings are all-metal products, and they are relatively well-preserved. They were dated to the Persian period (fifth–fourth centuries BCE), based on their shape, decoration and excavated parallels. They comprise a welcome addition to the relatively small number of all-metal rings from the Persian period that has been found in the country.

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Tombs And Installations From The Iron Age Ii To The Byzantine Period From South Ḥorbat Tittora (With Contributions By Gabriela Bijovsky And Yossi Nagar) (Hebrew Pp. 13–92; English Summary, Pp. 89*–91*), Elena Kogan-Zehavi Jan 2025

Tombs And Installations From The Iron Age Ii To The Byzantine Period From South Ḥorbat Tittora (With Contributions By Gabriela Bijovsky And Yossi Nagar) (Hebrew Pp. 13–92; English Summary, Pp. 89*–91*), Elena Kogan-Zehavi

'Atiqot

The excavation was conducted south of Ḥorbat Tittora, in Modi‘in. The finds indicate the presence of an agricultural settlement that was active mainly from Iron Age II through the Byzantine period; also present at the site were installations dating to the Early Islamic, Mamluk and Ottoman periods. Among the installations are burial complexes and tombs, used continuously from Iron Age II until the Late Roman period; winepresses, ranging in date from the Hellenistic to the Byzantine periods; olive presses and crushing installations; quarries of various sizes; two limekilns; and twelve plastered cisterns.

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Inscriptions And Incised Potsherds From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 1–12; English Summary, Pp. 87*–88*), Daniel Vainstub Jan 2025

Inscriptions And Incised Potsherds From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 1–12; English Summary, Pp. 87*–88*), Daniel Vainstub

'Atiqot

Excavations conducted approximately 100 m west of the Western Wall in Jerusalem revealed many incised pottery fragments bearing inscriptions and other markings. The form of the letters on the inscribed potsherds is generally consistent with the style common in Judah during the eighth–sixth centuries BCE. The markings were classified into five categories, four of which resemble similar groups of marks found at other sites, and the fifth consists of assorted marks, many of them unique. The assemblage exhibits clear similarities to assemblages found elsewhere in Jerusalem and at other Judahite settlements.

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A Scarab From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 21*–23*), Othmar Keel Jan 2025

A Scarab From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 21*–23*), Othmar Keel

'Atiqot

A scarab was found in a quarry west of the Iron Age four-room house unearthed in the Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem. The scarab, made of baked steatite, is fragmentary, and was probably trapezoidal. On its base are traces of the name of the Egyptian god Amun-Re. Based on the features of the scarab and the inscription, the object was most probably produced during the time of Dynasty XXII (945–713 BCE).

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“The Lord Will Roar From Zion” (Amos 1:2): The Lion As A Divine Attribute On A Jerusalem Seal And Other Hebrew Glyptic Finds From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations (Pp. 1*–13*), Tallay Ornan, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Shua Kisilevitz, Benjamin Sass Jan 2025

“The Lord Will Roar From Zion” (Amos 1:2): The Lion As A Divine Attribute On A Jerusalem Seal And Other Hebrew Glyptic Finds From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations (Pp. 1*–13*), Tallay Ornan, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Shua Kisilevitz, Benjamin Sass

'Atiqot

A stamp seal bearing the image of a roaring lion and a Hebrew legend was found during the excavations of the Western Wall Plaza, Jerusalem. It is the first seal with a lion motif to be published from Iron Age II Jerusalem, and one of only a few from Judah bearing a lion motif. Two other glyptic finds include a fragment of a scaraboid, inscribed in Hebrew, and a bulla, with a palmette and traces of a Hebrew inscription. These finds are an important addition to the growing corpus of both inscribed and uninscribed seals that have been unearthed in …

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Member In The Entourage Of Yahweh: A Uraeus Seal From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 15*–20*), Tallay Ornan Jan 2025

Member In The Entourage Of Yahweh: A Uraeus Seal From The Western Wall Plaza Excavations, Jerusalem (Pp. 15*–20*), Tallay Ornan

'Atiqot

A seal engraved with a four-winged uraeus was discovered in the area near the Iron Age four-room house in the Western Wall Plaza excavations, Jerusalem. The rendering is schematic, emphasizing the unsophisticated workmanship of the seal. This seal joins quite a few similar late eighth- or seventh-century BCE representations from Judah, hinting at an association of the four-winged uraeus with Yahwistic symbolism.

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A Hydraulic Construction Of The Mamluk Period At El-Madahil, Northeast Of The Hula Valley (Pp. 93*–108*), Hervé Barbé Jan 2025

A Hydraulic Construction Of The Mamluk Period At El-Madahil, Northeast Of The Hula Valley (Pp. 93*–108*), Hervé Barbé

'Atiqot

A water-related construction from the medieval period was exposed, revealing evidence for a strong flow of water. This observation was further confirmed by the eroded edges of the potsherds uncovered in the destruction phase. It is likely that this structure operated by means of the driving force of water, which enabled the rotating movement of a vertical mechanical wheel. The large number of iron nails retrieved from the site suggests that the machinery was constructed of timber, and was destroyed or dismantled. The finds, almost exclusively pottery, point to a date in the Mamluk period (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries CE).

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