Digital Commons Network^™

A Pilot Study Comparing The Penetration Properties Of Bilobed And Trilobed Bronze Arrowhead Points Modeled From Neo-Assyrian Finds From Ziyaret Tepe, Turkey, Damon Mullen

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The aim of this project is to help understand how and why cultures implement technology. This paper specifically focuses on testing and analyzing how morphological variation in arrowhead shape affects performance attributes. As a model of variation, we have chosen to concentrate on two different types of bronze arrowhead based on Neo-Assyrian finds, bilobed and trilobed, to see if they, by virtue of morphology only, have differing penetration capabilities.

The Prevotella Copri Complex Comprises Four Distinct Clades Underrepresented In Westernized Populations, Adrian Tett, Kun D. Huang, Francesco Asnicar, Hannah Fehlner-Peach, Edoardo Pasolli, Nicolai Karcher, Federica Armanini, Paolo Manghi, Kevin Bonham, Moreno Zolfo, Francesca De Filippis, Cara Magnabosco, Richard Bonneau, John Lusingu, John Amuasi, Karl Reinhard, Thomas Rattei, Fredrik Boulund, Lars Engstrand, Albert Zink, Maria Carmen Collado, Dan R. Littman, Daniel Eibach, Danilo Ercolini, Omar Rota-Stabelli, Curtis Huttenhower, Frank Maixner, Nicola Segata

Karl Reinhard Publications

Prevotella copri is a common human gut microbe that has been both positively and negatively associated with host health. In a cross-continent metaanalysis exploiting >6,500 metagenomes, we obtained >1,000 genomes and explored the genetic and population structure of P. copri. P. copri encompasses four distinct clades (>10% inter-clade genetic divergence) that we propose constitute the P. copri complex, and all clades were confirmed by isolate sequencing. These clades are nearly ubiquitous and co-present in non-Westernized populations. Genomic analysis showed substantial functional diversity in the complex with notable differences in carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that multi-generational dietary modifications may be …

Imaging Coprolite Taphonomy And Preservation, Karl Reinhard, Morgana Camacho, Breyden Geyer, Samantha Hayek, Chase Horn, Kaitlin Otterson, Julia Russ

Karl Reinhard Publications

The impact of coprolite taphonomy on parasite remains and aDNA recovery has been recognized. In general, coprolites from sites protected by geologic features such as caves and rock shelters exhibit the best preservation. In contrast, coprolites from open sites can be badly affected by taphonomic processes as shown by analyses of parasite eggs. For eggs, the impact of mites and free living nematodes has been quantified. Mites are associated with poor pinworm egg preservation. In other studies, percolation of water through sediments has a negative impact on egg recovery. We note that dietary remains can also decompose at open sites. …

Reconnecting Indigenous Knowledge To The Sunlight Basin: Integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge And Archaeology, Liz Dolinar

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) specific to plants has been developed over long-term connections to the environment, diligent observations, and practical experience by Indigenous communities. The traditional ecological knowledge of Indigenous peoples is a vital source for the contextualization and further understanding of past human environmental relationships in the Sunlight Basin of northwestern Wyoming. The Eastern Shoshone people, among many other groups, traditionally occupied the Sunlight Basin of northwestern Wyoming, a region of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. There is a growing necessity for collaboration with Indigenous populations within archaeological and anthropological research. The aim of this project is to develop a …

Consuming Appalachia: An Archaeology Of Company Coal Towns, Zada Komara

Theses and Dissertations--Anthropology

Material culture is an understudied aspect of social life in Appalachian Studies, the multi- disciplinary investigation of social life in the Appalachian region. Historically, material culture in the region has been largely studied for its semiotic properties, decoded as a tangible symbol of “a region apart,” lagging behind the rest of America in terms of moral, mental, economic, and social development. Critical material studies from archaeology and other disciplines paint a different picture, however, and construct a region as American as any other. This study utilizes discourse analysis of material rhetoric about Appalachia and archaeological and oral historical data from …

Middle To Late Holocene (7200-2900 Cal. Bp) Archaeological Site Formation Processes At Crumps Sink And The Origins Of Anthropogenic Environments In Central Kentucky, Usa, Justin Nels Carlson

Theses and Dissertations--Anthropology

Though some researchers have argued that the Big Barrens grasslands of Kentucky were the product of anthropogenic land clearing practices by Native Americans, heretofore, this hypothesis had not been tested archaeologically. More work was needed to refine chronologies of fire activity in the region, determine the extent to which humans played a role in the process, and integrate these findings with the paleoenvironmental and archaeological record. With these goals in mind, I conducted archaeological and geoarchaeological investigations at Crumps Sink in the Sinkhole Plain of Kentucky. The archaeological record and site formation history of Crumps Sink were compared with environmental …

Assessing Craniofacial Variation And Sexual Dimorphism In A Skeletal Sample From Medieval Prussia, Carrisa Sue Pritchard

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The objective of this study is to assess the degree of craniofacial variation and sexual dimorphism exhibited by a skeletal sample of 32 adult (14 probable female, 16 probable male, 2 indeterminate) crania from Bezławki, a medieval (14th-15th century) Prussian cemetery site located in modern northeastern Poland. Christian Crusaders were actively colonizing the region during this time period; therefore, the cemetery is likely to include both indigenous Prussians and settlers. It is currently unknown whether the skeletal sample at Bezławki represents a morphologically homogenous or heterogeneous group.

To address this question, three-dimensional cranial landmark data were collected using a Microscribe. …

Late Woodland To Early Mississippian Period Subsistence In Coastal Georgia: Animal Remains From Taylor Fish Camp (9gn12), St. Simons Island, Thomas S. Clark

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This study investigates subsistence strategies used by Native Americans living in coastal Georgia during the transition from the Late Woodland to Early Mississippian period (ca. AD 700 – 1100). Comparatively little subsistence data are available from the time frame on the southern Atlantic coast. Previous studies have focused mainly on archaeological sites representing preceding or subsequent time periods, and few studies of animal-use at coastal sites have used fine-screening methods. This paper presents the analysis and interpretation of invertebrate and vertebrate remains recovered with 1/16-in screens from Late Woodland/Early Mississippian period contexts at Taylor Fish Camp (9GN12), a multi-component site …

Mtdna Analysis Of The Paquimé (Casas Grandes), Mexico, Population Between The Viejo And Medio Periods, Rachel Summers-Wilson, Meradeth Snow, Michael T. Searcy

Faculty Publications

This research project investigates the population interred at the archaeological site known as Paquimé (Casas Grandes), Mexico between two time periods known as the Viejo Period (700 - 1200 A.D.) and the Medio Period (1200 - 1450 A.D.). There was a shift in culture during the latter period marked by changes in material culture and the bringing together of larger populations near and within the city center known as Paquimé. Several scholars have suggested that this extraordinary cultural shift is principally due to migrations from other regions (for example: Di Peso 1974; Lekson 1999; Laekson 2015). The research conducted at …

The Bioarchaeology Of The Tugalo Site (9st1): Diet, Disease, And Health Of The Past, Nompumelelo Beryl Hlophe

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The Tugalo site is a prehistoric and early historic Native American site located in northeast Georgia along the upper Savannah River basin, near the junction of Toccoa Creek and the Tugalo River. According to archaeological materials analyzed from the site it was occupied from ca. A.D. 1100 to 1600 (Anderson et al. 1995). Although archaeological investigations of the site revealed basic characteristics of its chronology and architecture, very little analysis and reporting of the skeletal remains from Tugalo has been completed. By analyzing data collected by Williamson (1998) concerning the age and sex of the burials, the presence or absence …

Household Variation, Public Architecture, And The Organization Of Fremont Communities, James R. Allison, Katie K. Richards, Lindsay D. Johansson, Richard K. Talbot, Scott M. Ure

Faculty Publications

In the far-northern reaches of the greater American Southwest, diverse groups of small-scale agriculturalists, labeled “Fremont” by archaeologists, spread across the northern Colorado Plateau and eastern Great Basin. During the long history of Fremont archaeology, most projects have focused on the excavation of only one or a few residences even in large village sites. Until recently, there has been little effort to understand Fremont social organization or Fremont communities and nothing that could be called household archaeology (but see Hall 2008; Hockett 1998; Janetski and Talbot 2000, 2014; Simms 2008). In fact, for many years the prevailing view has been …

Envisioning Natural And Built Environments As Sacred Landscapes In Prehistoric Casas Grandes, Mexico, Michael T. Searcy, Todd Pitezel, Steve Swanson

Faculty Publications

We develop a hypothesized cosmography in an attempt to evaluate the sacred landscapes of the Casas Grandes cultural tradition of northern Mexico. This analysis includes attention to the relationships among archaeological features and aspects of natural geography in the Casas Grandes region. We draw on previous research regarding hilltop sites, architectural features, settlement patterns, and astronomical alignments noted at Paquimé, to envision how the Casas Grandes people mapped their landscape on both the built and unbuilt environments.

Preserving The Memory Of Those Perilous Times: Archaeology Of A Civil War Prison In Blackshear, Georgia, Colin H. Partridge

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In the closing months of 1864 Confederate prison authorities were forced to evacuate the large stockade prisoner of war (POW) camps at Millen and Andersonville, Georgia in the face of General Sherman’s ‘March to the Sea’. While attempting to evade Union forces, approximately 5,000 POWs were sent along the Atlantic and Gulf railroad in south east Georgia, stopping just outside of the town of Blackshear. For three weeks prisoners and guards camped along a small tributary of the Alabaha River with only a few steaks to mark a deadline between them. No formal prison enclosure or fortifications were constructed and …

A Note On The Identification Of The ‘Bankes Tomb’ As Tt 64, Daniele Salvoldi Dr.

Faculty Journal Articles

In 2013, Stefanie Hardekopf argued for the identification of the ‘Bankes Tomb’ with TT 64. Her arguments were convincing, but they lacked the ultimate proof, i.e. the presence of a cartouche of Thutmose IV in archival documents from the Bankes papers referring to the tomb. This short note provides further data, publishing a previously unstudied manuscript indeed holding a copy of the cartouches of Thutmose IV hanging from the neck of a hunter said to belong to the same tomb as the other fragments cut by Bankes. The hunter scene has also been identified among the drawings in the Bankes …

Simple Statistics And Archaeological Problems, James R. Allison

Faculty Publications

Among Keith Kintigh’s many contributions to archaeology was his emphasis on understanding the connections among quantitative methods, archaeological problems, and what archaeologists can reasonably infer from their data. In both publications and in the classroom, he demonstrated the value of simple computer simulations to understand quantitative measures and how they behave when applied to actual archaeological data. Archaeological research increasingly incorporates analysis of large databases and quantitative methods appropriate to “big data”, but simple statistics are still important to archaeological research. This paper uses computer-intensive methods to demonstrate that archaeologists (and others) frequently misunderstand and misapply some of the simplest …

Tweet!! Persidangan Burung Singapura, Harry Aveling

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Religions have become the main topics in the novels by a prolific Singaporean author, Isa Kamari (born in 1960). His understanding and interpretation of religions have begun to develop with the writing of his first novel Satu Bumi (One Earth) in 1998. His latest novel, Tweet (2016) was influenced by an allegorical and mystical work, Persidangan Burung (Bird Conference) (c.1177). Two main narratives, one in the form of a physical nature between a grandfather and his grandson in a bird garden in Singapore and the other in the form of a spiritual nature concerning spiritual birds, ran parallel and converged …

Virus Wannacry Dalam Teks Berita: Analisis Wacana Kritis Atas Laman Kemkominfo, Kompas.Com, Dan Jawapos.Com, Izhatullaili Izhatullaili

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Critical Discourse Analysis is a study that analyzes language usage in terms of linguistic features and a social practice. Each type of mass media shows a different tendency in conveying information through the language it uses. Likewise, there are some differences between government and non-government media as well. The data in this study were obtained by collecting texts related to WannaCry virus news taken from the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Kompas.com and JawaPos.com. Abductive inferences technique was used to draw conclusions by connecting one text to other texts. The different tendencies in media’s linguistic features and ideologies were …

Tools Of Teaching: Metal At Magunkaquog, Nadia E. Waski

Graduate Masters Theses

This thesis provides the results of a comprehensive analysis of the metal artifact assemblage from Magunkaquog, a mid-17th- to early-18th-century “Praying Indian” community located in present-day Ashland, Massachusetts. Magunkaquog was the seventh of fourteen “Praying Indian” settlements Puritan missionary John Eliot helped in gathering between the years of 1651-1674 as part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony’s attempts to convert local Native American populations to Christianity. Originally the site was discovered during a cultural resource management survey conducted by the Public Archaeological Lab (PAL), and further investigated by the Fiske Center for Archaeological Research (then known as the Center for Cultural …

Turbulent National Identity In Laos: The Hmong Ethnic Group As A Case Study, Dewi Hermawati Resminingayu

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Since the independence, Laos has changed its national identity based on different principles namely Buddhism, Socialism and Consolidation between Buddhism and Socialism. These changes have given dynamic impacts to the identity of the people not only from their political life but also from socio-cultural life. This paper will specifically discuss the impacts undergone by the Hmong as one of the ethnic minorities that are often excluded from the discussion of ethnic groups in Laos. The discussion uses three approaches of ethnicity, namely Primordialism, Instrumentalism, and Constructivism in order to explain the dynamic identity of the Hmong. This paper argues that …

Hitam Putih Prri-Permesta: Konvergensi Dua Kepentingan Berbeda 1956–1961, Faishal Hilmy Maulida

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Regional upheavals that occurred in Sumatra and Sulawesi in the period of 1956–1961 indicated a meeting point between two interests, i.e. the desire of the regions to get rights through regional autonomy and develop power to eradicate communism. This paper aimed at analysing regional upheavals involving PRRI-Permesta in terms of the meeting point between the two different interests. The method used in this study is a historical one. The results showed that the upheavals that arose from certain interests could not be accommodated by the central government, and this made the region take the initiative to solve them with military …

Asia As Method: Toward Deimperialization, Ade Solihat

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

No abstract provided.

Representasi Sipil-Militer Dan Konstruksi Maskulinitas Pada Film Jenderal Soedirman (2015), Hary Ganjar Budiman, Kunto Sofianto

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

Jenderal Soedirman (2015) is a historical film that reveals the story of General Soedirman during the guerrilla war to maintain the Indonesia’s independence. The film was sponsored directly by the army (Kartika Eka Paksi Foundation and TNI) and involved the army in its making process. Therefore, the historical representation of this film is a history from the army’s point of view. Referring to Gramsci, a film can be seen as a hegemonic apparatus that contributes to the process of negotiating the interests of dominant groups. This study attempted to elaborate such representations of civil-military relationships and masculinity construction contained in …

Sovereign Women In A Muslim Kingdom. The Sultanahs Of Aceh, 1641 – 1699, Julianti Parani

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between The Phosphate And Structural Carbonate Fractionation Of Fallow Deer Bioapatite In Tooth Enamel, Holly Miller, Carolyn Chenery, Angela L. Lamb, Hilary Sloane, Ruth F. Carden, Levent Atici, Naomi Sykes

Anthropology Faculty Research

Rationale The species‐specific relationship between phosphate (δ18OP values) and structural carbonate (δ18OC values) oxygen isotope ratios has been established for several modern and fossil animal species but until now it has not been investigated in European fallow deer (Dama dama dama). This study describes the relationship between phosphate and structural carbonate bioapatite in tooth enamel of extant fallow deer, which will help us further understand the species' unique environmental and cultural history. Methods The oxygen isotope composition of phosphate (δ18OP value) and structural carbonate (δ18OC value) of hydroxylapatite was determined in 51 modern fallow deer tooth enamel samples from across …

Maroon Archaeology Beyond The Americas: A View From Kenya, Lydia Wilson Marshall

Sociology & Anthropology Faculty publications

Archaeological research on Maroons—that is, runaway slaves—has been largely confined to the Americas. This essay advocates a more global approach. It specifically uses two runaway slave communities in 19th-century coastal Kenya to rethink prominent interpretive themes in the field, including “Africanisms,” Maroons’ connections to indigenous groups, and Maroon group cohesion and identity. This article’s analysis demonstrates that the comparisons enabled by a more globalized perspective benefit the field. Instead of eliding historical and cultural context, these comparisons support the development of more localized and historically specific understandings of individual runaway slave communities both in Kenya and throughout the New World.

Resistance Beyond The Frontier: Concepts And Policies For The Protection Of Isolated Indigenous Peoples Of The Amazon, Minna Opas, Luis Felipe Torres, Felipe Milanez, Glenn Shepard Jr.

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

"Who Are These Wild Indians": On The Foreign Policies Of Some Voluntarily Isolated Peoples In Amazonia, Peter Gow

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

This paper is a reflection on the phenomenon of voluntary isolation in Amazonia, about anthropology’s implication in its formation as a concept, and what anthropologists might profitably say about it as a concrete phenomenon in the world. While knowledge based on ethnographic fieldwork might by minimal or even totally absent for people in voluntary isolation, anthropological research has produced a very impressive understanding of indigenous Amazonian social forms in general, knowledge that can be brought to bear on the question.

O Papel Dos Povos Indígenas Isolados Na Efetivação De Seus Direitos: Apontamentos Para O Reconhecimento De Suas Estratégias De Vida, Fabrício Amorim

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Este artigo discute conceitos e apresenta reflexões sobre questões relacionadas aos povos indígenas isolados no Brasil a partir de trajetória profissional do autor junto à temática. Aborda diferentes temas relacionados aos povos isolados, tal como “vulnerabilidade,” “isolamento voluntário” e “políticas públicas,” com o objetivo de informar e descontruir equívocos que a sociedade em geral possui sobre esses temas. Argumenta que os povos isolados são coletivos ativos na construção e garantia de direitos indígenas por meio de processos de resistência, e que suas estratégias de isolamento devem ser reconhecidas como expressão máxima de sua autonomia.

This article presents a series of …

Sobre La Antropología Amazónica (Amazonista) En El Perú: Comentarios Al Texto De Jean-Pierre Chaumeil, Oscar Espinosa

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Commentary on the Opening Lecture, “A Window into Twenty Years of Amazonianist Anthropology in Peru (1997–2017)” proffered by Jean-Pierre Chaumeil at the XI Salsa conference and featured in the previous volume of Tipití (15:105–117).

Werken By Bernardo Oyarzún (Mapuche), Ana Guevara, Sophie Moiroux

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.