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Articles 751 - 780 of 1293
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Archaeology Of Archaeology: 2012 Excavations At Alkali Ridge Site 13, James R. Allison
The Archaeology Of Archaeology: 2012 Excavations At Alkali Ridge Site 13, James R. Allison
Faculty Publications
Alkali Ridge Site 13 is one of the largest, and most extensively excavated Pueblo I villages in the Northern Southwest. It also is one of the earliest Pueblo I villages, dating to the late A.D. 700s. The site was first excavated in 1932 and 1933 by J.O. Brew of Harvard University, who dug all or part of 118 storage rooms, 11 pit houses, and 25 surface habitation rooms belonging to the early Pueblo I component. In 2012, the first excavations at the site since Brew’s work focused on reexcavation of several storage rooms previously excavated in 1932, screening of backdirt …
Cross-Cultural Cannibalism Throughout Human History, Melissa Cochran
Cross-Cultural Cannibalism Throughout Human History, Melissa Cochran
Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Urbanism In The Northern Levant During The 4th Millennium Bce, Rasha El-Endari
Urbanism In The Northern Levant During The 4th Millennium Bce, Rasha El-Endari
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The development of urbanism in the Near East during the 4thmillennium BCE has been an important debate for decades and with recent scientific findings, a revival of this intellectual discussion has come about. Many archaeologists suggested that urban societies first emerged in southern Mesopotamia, and then expanded to the north and northwest. With recent excavations in northern Mesopotamia, significant evidence has come to light with the finding of monumental architecture and city walls dated to the beginning of the 4th millennium BCE, well before southern Mesopotamian urban expansion. These discoveries reflect important administrative systems and stratified sociopolitical structures within these …
The Archeology Of Civil War Naval Operations At Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, 1861-1865, James D. Spirek
The Archeology Of Civil War Naval Operations At Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, 1861-1865, James D. Spirek
Faculty & Staff Publications
In 2008 the Maritime Research Division (MRD) of the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of South Carolina received a National Park Service American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) grant to study the naval operations at Charleston Harbor during the American Civil War. Funds from the ABPP grant allowed the MRD to undertake historical research and archeological investigations on cultural resources remaining on the Charleston Harbor Naval Battlefield, the scene of a protracted struggle from 1861 to 1865 between Confederate defenders and Federal attackers. This report, The Archeology of Civil War Naval Operations at Charleston Harbor, 1861-1865, …
The Archaeology Of 17th-Century New Netherland Since1985: An Update, Paul R. Huey
The Archaeology Of 17th-Century New Netherland Since1985: An Update, Paul R. Huey
Northeast Historical Archaeology
In 1985, a number of goals and research questions were proposed in relation to the archaeology of' pre-1664 sites in the Dutch colony of New Netherland. Significant Dutch sites were subsequently ~xcavated in Albany, Kingston, and other places from 1986 through 1988, while a series of useful publications continued to be produced after 1988. Excavations at historic period Indian sites also continued after 1988 . . Excavations in 17th-century sites from Maine to Maryland have revealed extensive trade contacts with New Netherland and the Dutch, while the Jamestown excavations have indicated the influence of the Dutch !n the early history …
Owned In Life, Owned In Death: The Pine Street African And African-American Burialground In Kingston, New York, Joseph E. Diamond
Owned In Life, Owned In Death: The Pine Street African And African-American Burialground In Kingston, New York, Joseph E. Diamond
Northeast Historical Archaeology
In the summer of 1990, a Phase 1A Archaeological Reconnaissance of the City of Kingston, New York, resulted in the discovery of an 18th to 19th century African and African-American burial ground within the city limits of Kingston, NY. This area was designated specifically for African-American burials in 1750 and continued in use until it was engulfed by the southerly expansion of Kingston in the 1870s. Although small family graveyards of enslaved individuals have been found throughout the Hudson Valley, only two large cemeteries holding the remains of enslaved individuals and their descendants have been discovered. The Pine Street Cemetery …
State Sponsored Famine: Conceptualizing Politically Induced Famine As A Crime Against Humanity, Jlateh Vincent Jappah Md, Msc, Danielle Taana Smith
State Sponsored Famine: Conceptualizing Politically Induced Famine As A Crime Against Humanity, Jlateh Vincent Jappah Md, Msc, Danielle Taana Smith
Journal of International and Global Studies
This paper argues for the codification of politically induced famine as a crime against humanity. We use the term “state sponsored famine” to reflect the conceptualization of famine as not merely nature-induced but also as a willfully orchestrated state policy. The specification of faminogenic practices as criminal would subject perpetrators to international jurisdiction and provide deterrence to future offenders. We review traditional conceptualizations of famine as a geophysical event. We explore Amartya Sen’s concept of famine as caused by the collapse of individual entitlement and market exchange dynamics; we also discuss commentary on Sen’s approach. Further, we analyze the limits …
Cenotes As Conceptual Boundary Markers At The Ancient Maya Site Of T’Isil, Quintana Roo, México, Scott L. Fedick, Jennifer P. Mathews, K. Sorensen
Cenotes As Conceptual Boundary Markers At The Ancient Maya Site Of T’Isil, Quintana Roo, México, Scott L. Fedick, Jennifer P. Mathews, K. Sorensen
Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Research
Ancient Maya communities, from small village sites to urban centers, have long posed problems to archaeologists in attempting to define the boundaries or limits of settlement. These ancient communities tend to be relatively dispersed, with settlement densities dropping toward the periphery, but lacking any clear boundary. At a limited number of sites, the Maya constructed walled enclosures or earthworks, which scholars have generally interpreted as defensive projects, often hastily built to protect the central districts of larger administrative centers during times of warfare (e.g., Demarest et al. 1997; Inomata 1997; Kurjack and Andrews 1976; Puleston and Callender 1967; Webster 2000; …
The Israeli Defense Forces In The 21st Century: Humanitarian Complier Or Human Rights Violators? An Assessment Of Ihl Compliance In The Second Lebanon War And Operation Cast Lead, Skyler Scoggan
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
My reasons behind writing this paper are very personal and its conclusion will have a direct impact on my future. I am Jewish by blood and have always have had a strong connection with the tradition even though I do not consider myself religious. I have respected more so the traditions and culture that have come from the faith of my mother. The fact that my grandfather, great grandfather, and the dozen more before him, carried on these same rituals that I carry out on Shabbat or on the high holidays, is beyond the realm of being special. Many cannot …
Status And Prosociality In Egalitarian Societies, Zachary Garfield
Status And Prosociality In Egalitarian Societies, Zachary Garfield
Department of Anthropology: Theses and Student Research
Egalitarian societies have been the subject of significant academic attention for their unique cultural qualities, both as a representation of a distinct political category, and as a base line in the context of biological and cultural evolution. Although the domains and degrees of egalitarianism vary cross-culturally, certain characteristics seem universal. Egalitarian societies are nonstratified social systems that lack hereditary statuses with ascribed coercive power. In egalitarian societies leadership is achieved and dependent upon personal qualities and individual behavior. Leaders are granted authority but lack coercive power and rely on techniques such as persuasion to exert influence over others. Multiple theories …
German Pows, Biopolitics, & The Piney Woods: Using Foucault To Analyze Resistance At Camp Shelby's Pow Camp During World War Ii, Patricia Lynn Miller-Beech
German Pows, Biopolitics, & The Piney Woods: Using Foucault To Analyze Resistance At Camp Shelby's Pow Camp During World War Ii, Patricia Lynn Miller-Beech
Master's Theses
Few people realize that during World War II, Camp Shelby in south Mississippi was a detention site for German prisoners of war (POWs) where the United States government engaged in reeducation efforts to de-Nazify soldiers in order to create a democratic Germany after the war. The U.S. War Department hoped the success of this program would create allies and prevent another war in the future. Despite the reeducation program being in all POW camps in the U. S., Camp Shelby was distinctive due to the racial politics of Mississippi during the height of the Jim Crow era. It is also …
Displays Of Personal Adornent And Body Decoration By Nineteenth Century Lakota (Sioux) Tribes: A Costly Signaling Model, Michelle L. Night Pipe
Displays Of Personal Adornent And Body Decoration By Nineteenth Century Lakota (Sioux) Tribes: A Costly Signaling Model, Michelle L. Night Pipe
Department of Anthropology: Theses and Student Research
Throughout the nineteenth century, Lakota (Sioux) individuals devoted an enormous amount of time, energy, and resources to the production and purchase of lavish clothing, headdresses, and accessories. These items seemingly lack any practical value, making them difficult to account for in economic terms. Costly signaling theory, however, predicts that the costs of the production of personal adornment and body decoration may be offset by the accumulation of prestige. For Lakota men, prestige translated into higher status, membership in warrior and headmen's societies, leadership opportunities, marital opportunities, and ultimately, differential reproductive success. Lakota women also garnered prestige based on the quality …
Vol. 35 No. 1/2 (2012): Pacific Studies Full Issue, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies Brigham Young University–HawaiʻI
Vol. 35 No. 1/2 (2012): Pacific Studies Full Issue, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies Brigham Young University–HawaiʻI
Pacific Studies
Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$26.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …
Teaching Culture With A Modern Valuable: Lessons About Money For And From Tongan Youth In New Zealand, Ping-Ann Addo
Teaching Culture With A Modern Valuable: Lessons About Money For And From Tongan Youth In New Zealand, Ping-Ann Addo
Pacific Studies
This article explores how diaspora, monetary wealth, and kinship intersect in transnational Tongan families, framing diaspora as both a cultural phenomenon and a means of engaging with modernity. While remittances are often emphasized, the study examines nonremittance money practices among Tongans in New Zealand, showing how shifting uses of money redefine kinship and obligation. Traditional forms of wealth, like koloa and ngāue, remain significant, but money now plays a vital role in expressing family values and sustaining social bonds. The article highlights tensions between tradition and modernity, obligation and autonomy, and material and relational value, offering insights into how …
Pohnpeians In Hawai‘I: Refashioning Identity In Diaspora, Suzanne Falgout
Pohnpeians In Hawai‘I: Refashioning Identity In Diaspora, Suzanne Falgout
Pacific Studies
This article explores the enduring significance of voyaging in Micronesian life, tracing its evolution from ancient exploration to modern migration. Historically, Oceanic peoples navigated vast distances, guided by sophisticated techniques such as etak, and maintained strong kinship and trade connections. Pohnpeians, once skilled voyagers, transitioned to a land-centered lifestyle due to their island’s abundant resources, yet travel remained a culturally marked practice associated with prestige and danger. In recent centuries, migration patterns have shifted, driven by colonial influences and economic necessity. Pohnpeian migrants in Hawai‘i navigate identity transformation while preserving traditional values, adapting through social networks and cultural practices. This …
Discourses On Chuukese Customary Adoption, Migration, And The Laws Of State(S), Manuel Rauchholz
Discourses On Chuukese Customary Adoption, Migration, And The Laws Of State(S), Manuel Rauchholz
Pacific Studies
This article concerns Chuukese adoption, child exchange, and fosterage practices and how they are continued or discontinued when Chuukese migrate to Guam, Hawai‘i, or the continental United States.1 By focusing on one cultural practice and the system of values attached to it, I hope to pinpoint some of the major changes that take place when key identity- shaping factors diversify and are no longer shared by an ethnic group, let alone families within that ethnic group. We will see how, for Chuukese today, “cultural citizenship” is a “dual process of self-making and being made within the webs of power linked …
A Survey Of Non-Classical Polyandry, Kathrine E. Starkweather, Raymond Hames
A Survey Of Non-Classical Polyandry, Kathrine E. Starkweather, Raymond Hames
Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications
We have identified a sample of 53 societies outside of the classical Himalayan and Marquesean area that permit polyandrous unions. Our goal is to broadly describe the demographic, social, marital, and economic characteristics of these societies and to evaluate some hypotheses of the causes of polyandry. We demonstrate that although polyandry is rare it is not as rare as commonly believed, is found worldwide, and is most common in egalitarian societies. We also argue that polyandry likely existed during early human history and should be examined from an evolutionary perspective. Our analysis reveals that it may be a predictable response …
Sustainable Agriculture, Charlene Mills
Sustainable Agriculture, Charlene Mills
Social Sciences
This paper is about sustainable agriculture and how we can strive to achieve it. It discusses what is wrong with our food system today and how we can go about changing that. It incorporates Geography and Anthropology while discussing different issues around the world.
An Analysis Of Lithic Debitage From Mound C At The Winterville Mounds Archaeological Site (22ws500), Barbara Mcclendon
An Analysis Of Lithic Debitage From Mound C At The Winterville Mounds Archaeological Site (22ws500), Barbara Mcclendon
Honors Theses
The Winterville Mounds, located in Northwest Mississippi, was once home to one of the largest chiefdoms in the Southeast. It served as a both a religious and political center and housed the ruling class atop its twenty-three manmade mounds. Recent excavation on Mound C at Winterville has uncovered an unusually large quantity of lithic artifacts. In an effort to shed light on the presence of such utilitarian tools where elites resided, this study utilized individual flake analysis on 830 pieces of lithic debitage, including cores, flakes, shatter, and tools. After documenting significant evidence of early through late stage lithic reduction …
Editor's Introduction, Jr. Aguilar
Editor's Introduction, Jr. Aguilar
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Political Globalization And Civil War In Former British Colonies, Luke O. Feltz
Political Globalization And Civil War In Former British Colonies, Luke O. Feltz
Student Publications
The purpose of this paper to determine why civil war onset reduces political globalization in former British colonies. I set out by testing the relationship between being a former British colony and civil war presence, demonstrating a positive, though not statistically significant, relationship. I also examine the history of British colonialism. Through setting up specific system of indirect rule, British colonizers created conditions that contributed to intra-state conflict. Furthermore, through constructing a unique institutional system and maintaining ties to its former colonies, the British have created an atmosphere conducive to international political engagement after the onset of civil war. Yet, …
Ambushed At Dawn: An Archeological Analysis Of The Catastrophic Defeat Of The 1720 Villasur Expedition, Benjamin J. Bilgri
Ambushed At Dawn: An Archeological Analysis Of The Catastrophic Defeat Of The 1720 Villasur Expedition, Benjamin J. Bilgri
Department of Anthropology: Theses and Student Research
In August of 1720, a Spanish expedition of more than one hundred soldiers, settlers, and Native American allies was destroyed by a group of Pawnee Native Americans at the confluence of two rivers in Nebraska. The precise location of the battlefield has been the subject of debate over the past century, and a systematic archeological investigation to attempt to locate and study the remains of the battle had never been conducted. In order to determine the most likely engagement location and allow an archeological survey of the battlefield site, the author conducted a multifaceted study of the campaign. This included …
Florentine Palaces, Costly Signaling, And Lineage Survival, Michael K. Church
Florentine Palaces, Costly Signaling, And Lineage Survival, Michael K. Church
Anthropology ETDs
My dissertation evaluated whether the palaces built in Florence, Italy during the Renaissance are a form of costly signaling. Costly signaling theory was developed to explain why organisms have attributes and behaviors that appear to defy basic Darwinian logic by having costs that are not offset by obvious benefits. The theory proposes that such attributes and behaviors persist because they are reliable signals of information about the signalers. Signal audiences use the information content of signals to rank signalers and to modify their interactions with signalers in ways that benefit signalers. These interactions can involve mate choice, predation avoidance, status …
The Grissom Site (45kt301): A Review And Synthesis Of Investigations And Exploration Of The Site's Research Potential, Holly Ann Cecilia Shea
The Grissom Site (45kt301): A Review And Synthesis Of Investigations And Exploration Of The Site's Research Potential, Holly Ann Cecilia Shea
All Master's Theses
The Grissom site (45KT301) is a multi-component archaeological site in northeast Kittitas Valley excavated by Central Washington State College from 1967-1971. The site is significant because it is one of few scientifically excavated upland sites in the Columbia Plateau and likely represents part of Che-lo-han, the intergroup gathering of Plateau cultures known to occur annually in the Kittitas Valley. Furthermore, the Grissom site collection is a rehabilitated archaeological collection and, therefore, provides a cost-effective way to explore research questions while still gaining new knowledge about the past. Excavations at the site produced 13,622 catalogued bags of pre-contact and historic artifacts …
The Hegemony Of English In South African Education, Kelsey E. Figone
The Hegemony Of English In South African Education, Kelsey E. Figone
Scripps Senior Theses
The South African Constitution recognizes 11 official languages and protects an individual’s right to use their mother-tongue freely. Despite this recognition, the majority of South African schools use English as the language of learning and teaching (LOLT). Learning in English is a struggle for many students who speak indigenous African languages, rather than English, as a mother-tongue, and the educational system is failing its students. This perpetuates inequality between different South African communities in a way that has roots in the divisions of South Africa’s past. An examination of the power of language and South Africa’s experience with colonialism and …
Resource Availability, Mortality And Fertility: A Path Analytic Approach To Global Life History Variation, Mark A. Caudell, Robert J. Quinlan
Resource Availability, Mortality And Fertility: A Path Analytic Approach To Global Life History Variation, Mark A. Caudell, Robert J. Quinlan
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
Humans exhibit considerable diversity in timing and rate of reproduction. Life history theory suggests that ecological cues of resource richness and survival probabilities shape human phenotypes across populations. Populations experiencing high extrinsic mortality due to uncertainty in resources should exhibit faster life histories. Here we use a path analytic approach informed by life history theory to model the multiple pathways between resources, mortality rates, and reproductive behavior in 191 countries. Resources that account for the most variance in population mortality rates are predicted to explain the most variance in total fertility rates. Results indicate that resources (e.g., calories, sanitation, education, …
International Security, Development, And Human Rights: Policy Conversion Or Conflict?, Miao-Ling Lin Hasenkamp
International Security, Development, And Human Rights: Policy Conversion Or Conflict?, Miao-Ling Lin Hasenkamp
Journal of International and Global Studies
This article uses an institutional network governance approach to explore the overlapping dimension of the policy fields between security, development, and human rights, reflected in the US and German provincial reconstruction teams (PRTs) in Afghanistan. The past two decades have witnessed a gradually changing paradigm in academic and policy debates regarding the questions of the normative basis of world order and possibilities for tackling imminent threats to security and peace (i.e. intra-state armed conflicts, failed states, terrorism, poverty, and deepening inequality). The introduction of concepts such as “human security” and “the right to humanitarian intervention/responsibility to protect (R2P)” as well …
Zubida Jalalzai & David Jefferess (Eds.). Globalizing Afghanistan: Terrorism, War, And The Rhetoric Of Nation Building. Durham & London: Duke University Press. 2011., Robert Canfield Ph.D.
Zubida Jalalzai & David Jefferess (Eds.). Globalizing Afghanistan: Terrorism, War, And The Rhetoric Of Nation Building. Durham & London: Duke University Press. 2011., Robert Canfield Ph.D.
Journal of International and Global Studies
Book review.
Development Of Modern Healthcare In Pre-1949 China With Emphasis On Geographical Relationships, Matthew Monroe Schexnayder
Development Of Modern Healthcare In Pre-1949 China With Emphasis On Geographical Relationships, Matthew Monroe Schexnayder
Honors Capstones
No abstract provided.
Chimpanzee Personhood: Supporting Scientific Documentation, Jonathan Balcombe
Chimpanzee Personhood: Supporting Scientific Documentation, Jonathan Balcombe
Sentience Collection
The aim of this document is to provide scientific support for granting chimpanzees and bonobos the legal status of persons. The studies summarized here have been selected because they show these species to have levels of awareness, cognition, emotionality and virtue that rivals that of their hominid cousins, Homo sapiens. Chimps, like other great apes, have long-term relationships, grieve the loss of a loved-one, can solve complex puzzles, display a sense of justice, and can learn hundreds of signs and put them together in logical sentences.