Digital Commons Network^™

Birth Order, Sibling Investment, And Fertility Among Ju/’Hoansi (!Kung), Patricia Draper, Raymond Hames

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Birth order has been examined over a wide variety of dimensions in the context of modern populations. A consistent message has been that it is better to be born first. The analysis of birth order in this paper is different in several ways from other investigations into birth order effects. First, we examine the effect of birth order in an egalitarian, small-scale, kin-based society, which has not been done before. Second, we use a different outcome measure, fertility, rather than outcome measures of social, psychological, or economic success. We find, third, that being born late in an egalitarian, technologically simple …

Introduction: A Changing Indonesia, Maribeth Erb, Kathleen M. Adams

Anthropology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

No abstract provided.

Etnografía De Trabajadores Informales En Un Barrio De Inmigrantes Mexicanos En El Silicon Valley, Christian Zlolniski

Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Publications - Archive

This article describes a set of informal activities engaged in by Mexican immigrants in a poor district of San Jose, California. Based on ethnographic field research, the study posits that the informal economy in Mexican immigrant communities does not constitute a labor niche of subsistence activities for workers excluded from the formal sector, or a set of jobs generated by an ethnic economy. On the contrary, it serves as a complement to the income generated by unqualified work in the formal sector, in which most workers are inserted, while in other cases, it represents an advantageous alternative form of work. …

Wetland Manipulation In The Yalahau Region Of The Northern Maya Lowlands, Scott L. Fedick, Bethany A. Morrison, B. J. Andersen, S. Boucher, J. C. Acosta, Jennifer P. Mathews

Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Research

Manipulation of wetlands for agricultural purposes by the ancient Maya of southern Mexico and Central America has been a subject of much research and debate since the 1970s. Evidence for wetland cultivation systems, in the form of drained or channelized fields, and raised planting platforms, has been restricted primarily to the southern Maya Lowlands. New research in the Yalahau region of Quintana Roo, Mexico, has recorded evidence for wetland manipulation in the far northern lowlands, in the form of rock alignments that apparently functioned to control water movement and soil accumulation in seasonally inundated areas. Nearby ancient settlements date primarily …

Spots On A Gnat’S Ass, Good Soldiers, And Sociology Departments: Stan Saxton’S Pragmatist Approach To Sociology, Dan E. Miller, Fred P. Pestello, Patrick G. Donnelly

Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work Faculty Publications

Most academics build their careers and establish reputations in the traditional manner, through research and publications. Certainly, this is not the only way to secure a place in the lore of academia. Some are great teachers who gather a large following of students. Still others get involved in professional organizations. While Stan Saxton had a respectable record of publications, was a masterful teacher, and a marvelous critic, his notable contributions to sociology came through his organizational work as a chair of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Dayton. After his tenure as chair, Stan continued to …

Zooarchaeology, Susan L. Scott

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Narrative Epistemology Of Sacred Frame Constructedness And Deconstruction: Exploratory Analyses Of Ways Of Knowing Sacred Interpretation And Understanding Through Context, Symbol/Concept, And Role, Joshua M. Aerie

Honors Papers

The purpose of this Anthropology Honors Thesis is to understand sacred construction through narrative epistemology. That is, with the help of an analytical model of framework, frame, and strip, I analyze narratives regarding incidents of disruption and incongruity within the sacred framework as a way of knowing the sacred as a social realm, constructed as dialectically different from the domain of "conventional" social cognition. Specifically, I will examine how the stories embody ideas about how the sacred framework constructs fragile interpretive frames susceptible to incidents which challenge its structural rigidity and inflexibility. These stories expose the constructedness of the sacred.

Law And Child Labour In Malaysia : A Case Study In Balakong New Village, Hoon Peow See

Student Works (2000-2009)

Child Labour is a widespread global phenomenon. Many international organisations, particularly the United Nations and International Labour Organisation have included the abolition of child labour in their agenda. In Malaysia child work is regulated by the Children and Young Persons (Employment) Act 1966. This Act is designed to protect children at work against exploitation and work hazards. However, this Act does not seem to be effective. This study is an attempt to show that the ineffectiveness of the law could be due to its inability to respond to local social and cultural factors, which influence the practice of child labour. …

Social And Economic Determinants Of Age At First Marriage Among Women In Peninsular Malaysia, Nor Haliza Abdul Rahman

Student Works (2000-2009)

This research paper examines the changing trend and differentials in age at first marriage among Malaysian women, based on data from the 1994 Malaysian Population and Family Survey. Trends and patterns of age at first marriage across cohorts are analysed in relation to a number of socio-demographic variables. The salient findings of the study reveal that women's pre-marital work and education are the two most important factors influencing the timing of marriage of women in Peninsular Malaysia. Age at first marriage is still lowest among the Malays, the Muslims, those with no schooling and living in rural areas as well …

Resettlement, Development And Gender : The Case Of The Kadazandusun Of Kampung Tampasak, Penampang, Sabah, Ooi Lin Yong

Student Works (2000-2009)

The resettlement of the Kadazandusun indigenous community of Kampung Tampasak in Penampang, Sabah due to the compulsory acquisition of their land for the construction of the Babagon Dam has brought about various changes in their lives. Consequently, members of the resettled community begin to experience increased social, economical, cultural and psychological stresses, which together with the loss of their anccstraJ lands and resources have accentuated their stresses. Resettlement demands the restructuring of homes, livelihoods, value systems and culture; the community views this restructuring as a threat to their identity as indigenous peoples. This study shows that the burden of change …

Falsafah Etika Masyarakat Melayu Tradisional : Satu Kajian Berdasarkan Pantun Melayu, Zaleha Ahmat

Student Works (2000-2009)

The idea of this study is to put forward an analysis on the system of ethics of the traditional Malays. Nevertheless, it does not provide a listing of characters, attitudes and behaviour of the people. This writing is giving attention on a research of the existence and conscience of ethics from a philosophical view. This study is about attempts on seeking originality and authenticity in the significance of "budi" which is synonymous to the Malay people and its civilization. "Budi' defined as a soul process of purifying self consciousness in gaining truth to the result of choices and actions made …

A Tender Fury: Zapatismo And The Predicament Of The Rural Peasantry And Indigenous Peoples Of Mexico, Alicia Rachelle Balassa

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The primary objective of my research is to investigate and do a thorough analysis into the current status and problems facing Mexico’s rural and indigenous peoples. The Zapatista Movement within the state of Chiapas serves as a barometer for the fragile and ever increasingly endangered life ways of the rural peasantry throughout rural Mexico as they struggle to maintain their culture and hold onto their dignity and land. For many this means their indigenous heritage as well. For much of the rural peasantry land and dignity and cultural identity go hand in hand, with the land being the vital link …

Tribal Constructs And Kinship Realities : Individual And Family Organization On The Grand Ronde Reservation From 1856, Aeron Teverbaugh

Dissertations and Theses

This project examines marriage and residence patterns on the Grand Ronde Reservation between 1856 and the early 1900s. It demonstrates that indigenous cultural patterns continued despite a colonial imagination that refused to see them. Members of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde continued to live in family groups much as they had in the pre-reservation era. They continued to exhibit patterns of marriage and kinship that were described in the ethnographies and by the earliest explorers in the Oregon area.

Vol. 22 No. 3-4 (1999): Pacific Studies Full Issue, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

Dermatoglyphic Analysis Of Male Criminals, Jeremy Matyas

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between genetics and criminal behavior. Using specific dermatoglyphic features of 100 Caucasian male criminals, comparisons were made to a comparable control group of noncriminals. Dermatoglyphics are known to be, in part, genetically determined. Differences between the non-criminal and criminal samples would support the belief that certain criminal behaviors are genetically determined.

Statistical tests were performed on the dermatoglyphic pattern types and ridge counts of the criminal and non-criminal samples. There were three tests of the total ridge counts (TRC) that were found to be statistically significant. The principal difference was …

Naqshbandiyya In Damascus: Strategies To Establish And Strengthen The Order In A Changing Society, Leif Stenberg

Book Chapters / Conference Papers

No abstract provided.

Introduction: Defining And Understanding Sustainability In Small Island States, Charles J. Stevens

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

The Sustainable, The Expendable, And The Obsolete, Michael D. Lieber

Pacific Studies

This is a preliminary exploration of the concept of sustainability and its potential usefulness to anthropologists. “Sustainable” is distinguished from “stable” and “viable” in terms of its implications of directionality of time, pointing both backward and forward. Given the time implications, the contexts of “sustainable Xs” (technology, activity, development, etc.) are crucial to explaining what happened to X in the past and prognosticating its future. The argument is illustrated by analyzing data on obsolete fishing practices on Kapingamarangi Atoll (Federated States of Micronesia), focusing on the contexts of change in political /religious organization in the twentieth century. Changing access to …

Development, Sustainability, And The Deforestation Of Samoa, Paul Shankman

Pacific Studies

The forests of Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) are rapidly disappearing. This article reviews the history of Samoan deforestation, particularly during the last four decades, in the context of ideas about development and sustainability. It also examines the role of village agriculturalists in the process of deforestation. Recent economic, technological, and organizational changes have increased village agricultural expansion and, consequently, deforestation.

Legislating A Sustainable Land Ethic For New Zealand, Michèle D. Dominy

Pacific Studies

This article explores competing discourses of sustainability in New Zealand’s South Island. As active resource managers, high-country pastoralists’ conception of “country” contests predominant reductive and binary models of production/ conservation and economic resource/visual resource and suggests a more complicated dynamic between scientific and cultural paradigms of sustainability than has been acknowledged. This dynamic is captured in the internationally driven top-down concept of equitable sustainable land management with a dual commitment to both cultural and ecological diversity as defined locally, formulated as part of the United Nations Rio Declaration of 1992, agenda 21, chapter 13. I examine an emergent high-country “land …

Contributors: Vol 22 No. 3-4, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Contributors list of Vol. 22 (1999): Pacific Studies Full Issue 3-4

Taking Over What Belongs To God: The Historical Ecology Of Tonga Since European Contact, Charles J. Stevens

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Accounting For Change: Bringing Interdependence Into Defining Sustainability, Karen L. Nero

Pacific Studies

“Sustainability,” the key word of international development bodies currently intervening in the restructuring of the Marshall Islands economy, is defined within Western economic conceptualizations. I argue that such characterizations are incomplete: they fail to capture the full nature of the ongoing Marshallese economy by focusing too narrowly on transfers related to the Compact of Free Association and by their partial understanding of Marshallese food systems and easy dichotomies between imported and local foods. The segregation of external interventions by sector further distorts their possible impact. Structural imbalances within the Marshallese and other Pacific nations’ economies have been exacerbated by the …

Artisanal Coral Reef Fisheries And Sustainable Development: The Arno Atoll Fisheries Association, Jim Hess

Pacific Studies

The concept of sustainable development is inexact, requiring additional specification in application. How the subject of analysis is bounded will have consequences for understanding what is being sustained as well as for determining whether something is sustained. Here I examine a fisheries development project in the Marshall Islands. Shifting boundaries, I create three accounts of the project. In the first account, which focuses on resources and monetary cost and benefits, the project is clearly unsustainable. In the second account, focusing on international relations, the project sustains the relations of power and dependency. In the third account, I suggest that evaluation …

Is Tonga's Mirab Economy Sustainable? A View From The Village And A View Without It, Mike Evans

Pacific Studies

The development implications of the now-classic MIRAB economic pattern for South Pacific microstates (with economies dominated by overseas remittances and foreign aid) have attracted considerable attention. Some scholars argue the MIRAB pattern is well entrenched and can be sustained with a minimum of undesirable social and economic outcomes. Others decry the acceptance of the dependency of South Pacific nations and argue for renewed effort toward the development of self-sustaining economies. I argue that the debate must directly address the underlying social relations that facilitate and shape migration and remittances. In Tonga, the movement of people from rural areas has wide-ranging …

Saugatuck's Shining Shore: The Transition Of A Michigan Community Into A Resort Town, 1870-1930, Kyran V. Kelley

Masters Theses

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries many communities adapted themselves to the leisure industry with the growth of a middle class that had time for leisure activities within the United States. One impetus for this change suggested for the period is a lack of manufacturing and extractive activities (Brown 1995).

This thesis tests this scenario on one community of the period, Saugatuck, Michigan, by examining the employment and business structures of the town while also examining land use. This was accomplished through the use of both primary and secondary documents.

Data gathered and placed within its historical context …

A Comparison Of Cognitive Development Between Whites And African Americans Based On William Perry's Scheme Of Intellectual And Ethical Development, Joan Johnson

Theses and Dissertations in Urban Services - Urban Education

This study compared cognitive complexity between student groups based on cultural background and academic class utilizing William Perry's (1970) cognitive theory of intellectual and ethical development. In addition, the study examined the influence of gender and socioeconomic status (SES) on cognitive development. The goal was to ascertain whether Perry's theory, developed from his research on a relatively homogeneous college student population without consideration of the impact of a culturally diverse environment, would be valid for culturally diverse students.

The research design employed to investigate cognitive development used a cross-sectional sample of entering freshmen and graduating seniors attending a predominantly White, …

Ethnic Intercession: Leadership At Kalaupapa Leprosy Colony, 1871–1887, Pennie Moblo

Pacific Studies

Western notions of leadership can obscure the complexity of colonial history. This article examines ethnic relations in Hawai‘i via its Hansen’s disease colony during the years immediately preceding the overthrow of the monarchy. Popular accounts of Kalaupapa portray a nineteenth-century prison of iniquity where native Hawaiians, sequestered from the controls of civilization, degenerated to a state of “savagery” until a European priest saved them. This image is challenged by letters and reports to the Board of Health, which invoke an alternative history focused on the dialogue between native patients and foreign advisors in government. It is argued here that the …

Caroline Sinavaiana-Gabbard's Review Of John Kneubuhl's Think Of A Garden And Other Plays, Caroline Sinavaiana-Gabbard

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Suzanne Falgout And James West Turner's Review Of Lieweila: A Micronesian Story, Suzanne Falgout, James West Turner

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.