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Street Culture Of Mombasa: Are The Survivors Really Surviving?, Danny Low

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Street children of Mombasa, Kenya were ethnographically studied in order to determine the effects of Swahili culture and structural violence on the children’s culture and place within greater society. It was discovered that Mombasa magnetizes street children as a result of the generosity of Swahili culture. Drug use was inextricably linked to street culture, yet children nonetheless held strong dreams of education. Since street children were also discovered to be significantly stratified, future policy and programming must account for these divisions to appropriately address the education and health problems facing Mombasa street children.

Expanding Access To Hiv Testing In Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, Julia Elinor Roberts, Kimberly Marie Jones, Luçandra Ramos Espirito Santos Espirito Santos, Mauro Jose Guedes Roque, Marise Fagundes Silveira, Amaro Sérgio Marques

Southern Anthropologist

[2009 Undergraduate Prize Winner]

Brazil serves as a potent example of a nation striving to meet the public healthcare needs of a complex and diverse society. To evaluate how a public hospital in Montes Claros, Brazil has attempted to reconcile HIV/AIDS outcome gaps, this study examined aspects of the demographic profi les of public health clients receiving HIV exams in the largest city in Northern Minas Gerais at two respective sites. Age, sex, and residential neighborhood for clients tested for HIV during an eight month period in 2007-2008 at HUCF and CTA were statistically compared. In comparison to CTA, the …

Structures For Environmental Action, Katherine Bunting-Howart, Avi Brisman, Willett Kempton, Dorothy C. Holland, Peggy F. Bartlett

Southern Anthropologist

This article develops a typology of what we term “structures for action”—strategies, mechanisms, and means—used by local environmental groups to facilitate actions such as lifestyle shifts, civic protest, and environmental preservation. Based on data from nineteen groups in several states, we distinguish between internal structures that facilitate action for members of the groups and external structures that facilitate action among nonmembers and other groups. Within both internal and external structures, we identify three dimensions: knowledge, meaning, and praxis. Our typology of structures for action is designed to stimulate further research and to be useful for environmental groups, as well as …

Southern Nevada Agency Partnership Cultural Site Stewardship Program – Program Expansion And Steward Retention: Quarterly Progress Report, Period Ending September 30, 2009, Margaret N. Rees

Cultural Site Stewardship Program

• A total of 452 site stewards are trained and registered on the CSSP database.
• One training class was held this quarter adding 24 new volunteers.
• The stewardship program had an annual growth of 13.8% during the fiscal year 2009.
• Site Stewards reported 76 significant site impacts in 2008 compared with 83 during the same period last year.

Western Sahara Refugees: Building The Nation-Stateon “Borrowed” Desert Territory, Randa Farah

Migration and Ethnic Relations Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

People And Animals, Kindness And Cruelty: Research Directions And Policy Implications, Frank R. Ascione, Kenneth J. Shapiro

Animal Welfare Collection

This article addresses the challenges of defining and assessing animal abuse, the relation between animal abuse and childhood mental health, the extensive research on animal abuse and intimate partner violence, and the implication of these empirical findings for programs to enhance human and animal welfare. Highlighted are recent developments and advances in research and policy issues on animal abuse. The reader is directed to existing reviews of research and areas of focus on the expanding horizon of empirical analyses and programmatic innovations addressing animal abuse. Following a discussion of forensic and veterinary issues related to animal abuse, we discuss policy …

Self-Actualization In The Lives Of Medieval Female Mystics: An Ethnohistorical Approach, Cherel Jane Ellsworth Olive

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This dissertation explores the cultural and psychological factors that permitted six medieval female mystics to assume positions of leadership and innovation in a world marked by extreme gender inequality. Women religious have often been charged with being neurotics, hysterics, narcissists, and nymphomaniacs whereas males with similar experiences are rarely subject to the same degree of criticism. It is argued here that the women may well have been seeking to achieve the form of self-actualization described by humanist psychologist, Abraham Maslow, as a result of the "conversion" experience analyzed by William James. Furthermore, applying modern categories of mental illness to these …

“Cosecha Voices”: Toward A Transcultural Pedagogy, Silvia Patricia Solis

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

In the fall of 2007, I began filming a course called Cosecha Voices, which centered on the migratory, farmworking experiences of South Texas students attending the University of Texas—Pan American. This thesis therefore, stems from my two-year collaborative experience with the Cosecha Voices project. I propose Cosecha Voices opened up an academic space for critical pedagogy and transculturation to intersect, creating a transcultural pedagogy. Transcultural pedagogy as praxis, centers on students' lived experiences, engaging educators and students in a transculturation of intersecting theories intertwined in oral performances, film ethnography, and testimonios as pedagogical practices and epistemologies. This process allows …

Framing Red Power: The American Indian Movement, The Trail Of Broken Treaties, And The Politics Of Media, Jason A. Heppler

Department of History: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This study explores the relationship between the American Indian Movement (AIM), national newspaper and television media, and the Trail of Broken Treaties caravan in November 1972 and the way media framed, or interpreted, AIM's motivations and objectives. The intellectual and political currents present in the 1960s, including the ideas of Vine Deloria, Jr., and the successes of the Civil Rights Movement, influenced the development of AIM's ideas about militant tactics and the role media played in social movements. AIM entered the national stage with the occupation of the Bureau oflndian Affairs in late 1972 and used television broadcasts and print …

Choice Ideology And The Parameters Of Its Practice: Alternative Abortion Narratives In New Mexico, Abigail Rae Adams

Anthropology ETDs

The ideology of choice, embedded in the pro-choice, anti-abortion debate in the United States, is founded on Enlightenment notions that take the autonomous individual with perfect knowledge and rationality as the unit of analysis. The basic premise is that each woman 'chooses' from a variety of equally accessible options. Hidden in the political language of choice are the constraints all women face as they attempt to negotiate reproduction, especially if they wish to end a pregnancy. 'Choice' does not exist as an abstract freedom, but is situated within the realities of power and agency. This paper examines the ability of …

The Women Potters Of Mata Ortiz: Growing Empowerment Through Artistic Work, Kiara Maureen Hughes

Anthropology ETDs

The contemporary production of pottery for global ethnic art markets set in motion a series of economic and social transformations that completely changed the Chihuahuan community of Mata Ortíz. This dynamic art form has included women and men since its initial stages over thirty-five years ago. Today, there are women of talent and expertise represented at every level of pottery execution and quality along the market continuum. Individual creativity and market recognition work together to create a context in which both men and women are able to capacitate themselves by acquiring the skills and competence needed to gain control over …

"Aquí­ No Pasó Nada": Terror, Remembrance And Healing In A Guatemalan "Green Zone", William G. Wagner

Anthropology ETDs

This research focuses on the experiences of survivors of political violence and their healers in Momostenango, Totonicapán. The majority population of Momostenango is Kiche' Maya. During Guatemala's civil war (1960-1996), the state used terror to silence popular resistance and to neutralize the threat of insurgent guerilla forces that drew wide support from Maya communities. From 1981 to 1983 state army and paramilitary forces resorted to scorched earth tactics that two different truth commissions subsequently characterized as genocidal. During the war, the military designated the town as a 'green zone' (a region sympathetic to and supportive of the military's counterinsurgency project). …

Southern Nevada Agency Partnership Cultural Site Stewardship Program – Program Expansion And Steward Retention: Quarterly Progress Report, Period Ending June 30, 2009, Margaret N. Rees

Cultural Site Stewardship Program

• A total of 428 stewards were trained and registered on database.
• Cultural Site Stewardship Program funding modified to extend program.

In a new program initiated to identify and plot mine locations along the Colorado River, the Lake Mead National Park Service (NPS) requested volunteers from CSSP. Of more than 75 respondents, 45 volunteers met the preliminary qualifications to participate.

The CSSP-originated database is highly effective and continues to produce information requested by federal agencies. Due to its success and in the absence of a state-wide system for stewards outside Clark County, the Nevada State Historical Preservation Office (SHPO) requested CSSP …

The Impact Of The Gay And Feminist Liberation Movements On The Objectification Of The Male Body In Popular Magazines That Target A Male Audience, Miro Lestanin

Sociology Honors Projects

My study analyzes the change in the portrayal of the male body in the public sphere. I examine whether this change is related to the appearance of the gay and feminist liberation movements in 1960s that reintroduced the gay subculture into the mainstream political and social realm. Furthermore, I explore the influence of these movements on the commercialization and objectification of the male body that are used as marketing tools to attract homosexual and metrosexual customers. I analyzed a random sample of 600 advertisements that contained a representation of the male body covering the time span from 1930 to 1990 …

U.S. Human Rights Activism And Plan Colombia, Winifred L. Tate

Faculty Scholarship

Non-governmental organizations claim to play a central role in defining U.S. foreign policy, particularly in the field of human rights. Here, I will examine the role of human rights and humanitarian groups in the debates over U.S. foreign policy towards Colombia, focusing on the design and subsequent additional appropriations for Plan Colombia, a multi-billion dollar aid package beginning in 2000. I argue that NGOs were able to build on the legacy of prior human rights activism focusing on Latin America, but failed to achieve significant grassroots mobilization around this issue. I examine the structural issues limiting such mobilization, as well …

Rediscovering Reo: Reflections On The Life And Anthropological Career Of Reo Franklin Fortune, Caroline Thomas

Pacific Studies

Reo Fortune’s legacy to anthropology has been overshadowed by his relation- ships with friends and colleagues, many of whom came to see him as difficult. Professional differences and personality clashes pervaded his career. Despite this, he was once regarded as the foremost anthropologist of his era. Fortune’s contribution to anthropology is reflected in his major publications and journal articles that illustrate the diversity and complexity of his fieldwork.

Comparative Studies And The South American Gran Chaco, Isabelle Combes, Diego Villar, Kathleen Lowrey

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

Ruth Benedict And The Study Of Thai Culture, Nicola B. Tannenbaum

Pacific Studies

In this paper, I place Thai Culture and Behavior in the context of Benedict’s work and life, American anthropology, and Thai studies. The paper begins with a summary of Benedict’s study and a critique of her Thai ethnography. This is followed with a discussion of its initial reception when it was first published and its later place in biographies about Benedict. Finally, I turn to my initial question of the role of Thai Culture and Behavior in Thai studies. Here I examine the two subsequent anthropological studies of Thailand: Embree’s seminal essay, “Thailand—A Loosely Structured Society,” the first field- workbased …

Vol. 32 No. 2-3 (2009): Pacific Island Studies Front Matter, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Front Matter for the Vol. 32, No 2-3-Jun/Sept 2009 edition of the Pacific Studies Journal.

Clyde Kluckhohn And The New Anthropology: From Culture And Personality To The Scientific Study Of Values, John S. Gilkeson

Pacific Studies

This essay examines Clyde Kluckhohn’s relations with Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, and Gregory Bateson in two contexts: the school of culture and personality, and the Conference on Science, Philosophy, and Religion in Their Relation to the Democratic Way of Life convened during the Second World War. Kluckhohn strongly identified with the Boasian tradition. Enlisting in the Boasian campaign to make Americans more “culture-conscious,” Kluckhohn joined Benedict and Mead as a public intellectual. In this capacity, Kluckhohn sought to clarify the concept of culture and to widen its currency, emphasized the affinity between anthropology and psychiatry, and, after 1945, searched for …

“More Like Fighting Than Like Waiting”: Mead, Method, And The Proper Object Of Knowledge In Anthropology, Maureen Molloy

Pacific Studies

This paper examines the critical reviews of Margaret Mead’s and Reo Fortune’s early books and Mead’s responses to them. It argues that these reviews demonstrate a consensus about proper anthropological practice and the proper object of anthropological knowledge. Mead’s response was to go the offensive. She demonstrated her competence in the traditional fields of anthropology through her authorship of Kinship in the Admiralty Islands (Mead 1934) and her ability to generate “pure” knowledge and to provide historical context in The Changing Culture of an Indian Tribe (Mead 1932a). Most significantly, however, Mead challenged the consensus about the proper object of …

Cultural Responses To Climate Change In The Holocene, Richard Prentice

Anthós

Variable Holocene climate conditions have caused cultures to thrive, adapt or fail. The invention of agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals allowed sedentary societies to develop and are the result of the climate becoming warmer after the last glaciation. The subsequent cooling of the Younger Dryas forced humans to concentrate into geographic areas that had an abundant water supply and ultimately favorable conditions for the use of agriculture and widespread domestication of plants and animals. Population densities would have reached a threshold and forced a return to foraging, however the end of the Younger Dryas at 10,000 BP …

An Empirical Test Of Hirschi's Theory Of Delinquency, Barbara R. Vanderpool

Theses & Honors Papers

Delinquency has been examined by many disciplines. There is no single explanation for delinquency. This study tests Hirschi's Theory on a group of adolescents that violate laws that have not been adjudicated delinquents. These adolescents have not been labeled delinquent, but have been placed in a facility to assist at-risk adolescents. A modified version of Elliot's National Youth Study questionnaire was used to measure delinquency. This data gathered indicated a significant decline in delinquency while participating in the program. Hirschi's theory is an empirical test found to be relevant to these adolescents.

Diasporic Identities In Israel: A Study Of Ethiopian Jews, Erich S. Roberts

Anthropology Department Honors Papers

Contemporary concerns of anthropology stress the role of power relations in framing the study of a marginalized people within society. In this study, the present predicament of the Ethiopian community in Israel is examined through the highly political processes of nationalism, ethnic conflict, and identity construction. Each of these factors hold implications for the ways by which a dominant European nationalist ideology in Israel has come to impose forces of authority upon subjugated, non-European ethnic groups. The Ethiopians are one such group. The point of divergence between the community of Ethiopian Jews and Israel’s national identity has caused the Ethiopian …

A Place Like This: An Environmental Justice History Of The Owens Valley - Water In Indigenous, Colonial, And Manzanar Stories, Monica Embrey

Pomona Senior Theses

This text provides an environmental justice analysis of the stories of the people who lived in the Owens Valley, who watered its land and cultivated its crops—pine trees, apple trees, and kabocha alike. Telling the personal stories of challenge and resistance that manifested alongside the oppressive forces of military and state domination provides the opportunity to align forcibly relocated, exploited and incarcerated people’s struggles throughout time. This text starts with The Nü’ma Peoples who were the first humans to live in the Owens Valley and continues with the struggle for empire between rival colonial empires of agriculture and distant urban …

A Moment In Archaeology: A Reflexive Examination Of The Culture Of Meaning-Making In Archaeological Fieldwork, Jonathan W. Irons

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

To many, archaeology is a science. It is not, however, a traditional laboratory science with controls and variables. Its experiments cannot be repeated and its variables cannot be controlled so much as managed and standardized. This regulation in archaeology has, until recently, attempted to eliminate human error, indeed, the human experience from fieldwork. Though the experiences I had in Indiana and Kenya could not have been more different, the control and regulation in archaeological fieldwork attempts to minimize the importance of those differences.

13th Annual Petersheim Academic Exposition, Seton Hall University

Petersheim Academic Exposition

No abstract provided.

“Samoanizing” Human Rights: A Generational Comparative Of Views On Human Rights In Contemporary Samoa, Margaret R. Smith

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This report consists of a generational comparative of views on human rights in contemporary Samoa. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations in 1948, and is now compulsorily for all member nations. Samoa’s independence in 1962, with the implementation of a liberal democracy, meant an inescapable adoption of the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Though Samoa’s constitution is unique with its incorporation of tradition and custom within a democratic system, the universal human rights bill is generic, allowing that it should mesh will all counties and cultures – an outcome that does not …

Constructions Of Disease In Mayo Village, Rachel Eades

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Understanding how individuals and institutions negotiate illness and construct ideas about disease is important to public health efforts across the globe. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa suffer from a variety of health problems that many regions of the world have long since eradicated. Economic hardship, combined with high rates of communicable diseases, food poverty, lack of sanitation, and poor water quality make countries in sub-Saharan Africa some of the poorest and sickest in the world. Tanzania is a prime example. The purpose of this study was to explore how people in one rural, Tanzanian village construct ideas about disease – its …

The Modernization Of Fiji ’S Food System And The Resulting Implications On Fijian Society: A Synthesis, Brian Schultz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Beginning in the early 19th century, Fiji’s contact with several industrialized nations of Europe and the west contributed to rapid changes in its food system– changes that have had massive effects on Fiji’s economy and politics, on both local and global scales, as well as on the health and identity of the people who call Fiji home. Using a longitudinal model, the author traces the modernization of the Fiji food system from before European contact, through the period of colonial rule, the introduction of the cash economy, and the beginnings of urbanization to its status in the spring of 2009. …