Digital Commons Network^™

Thinking Through Tubes: Flowing H/Air And Synaesthesia, Stephen P. Hugh-Jones

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

The tube, as both object and concept, has cropped up from time to time in the ethnography of lowland South America, most notably in Rivière and Lévi-Strauss’s discussions of blowpipes, hair tubes and pottery and in Hill and Wright's writings on Yuruparí flutes and trumpets. Using data from Northwest Amazonia, this paper first seeks to provide a more rigorous definition of the tube as a concept, exploring its various manifestations and relating these to the body as an image of totalization and detotalization. With reference to myths about creation and Yuruparí, the paper then argues that flows from tubes provide …

Good Reasons Or Bad Conscience? Or Why Some Indian Peoples Of Amazonia Are Ambivalent About Eating Meat, Stephen P. Hugh-Jones

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Originally written for a conference on meat attended by farmers, anthropologists, people involved in cultural affairs, and other members of the public, and seeking to avoid emphasis on cultural difference, this paper explores common ground between Euro-American and Amerindian ambivalence about meat consumption. Meat-eating raises two shared concerns: an intuitive recognition of the resemblances between humans and animals and an uncomfortable awareness that human life often depends on the death and destruction of other living beings. I suggest that, behind some obvious cultural differences, Amazonian shamanic and ritual procedures aimed at the de-subjectification of meat share points in common with …

The "Uncontacted" As Third Infamy, George Mentore

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

This paper principally addresses the "problem" of anthropological thinking, that is, on how and why it remains with us and not with the peoples who do not subscribe to our contested regimes of truth. From my research on the topic, it appears we have not achieved any substantial moral progress on the question of exposure to indigenous otherness since the first European "contact." This failure is primarily due to our hardheaded rationalist refusal to accept our inability to access the felt reality of the Other directly. Or, better still, of the failure of our language to obtain the shared reality …

Christianity + Schooling On Nature Versus Culture In Amazonia, Aparecida M. N. Vilaça

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Based on the analysis of Evangelical Biblical translations, as well as on the school writing of Wari' (Southwestern Amazonia) students, produced in indigenous secondary school classrooms and at the intercultural university, this article aims to show how, in both church and school, a nature separate from humans is invented with which they should relate in a utilitarian and also contemplative way. Simultaneously nature’s opposite is invented–a culture that excludes animals and subjects them.

Rexistência Nas Fronteiras Do Capitalismo/Colonialismo: A Ecologia Política Do Isolamento E Da Soberania, Felipe Milanez

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Ofereço a perspectiva da ecologia política para rever e atualizar a política de “isolamento” e “não-contato” com base nos conceitos de soberania e necropolítica, sugerindo uma nova proposta de prática política para situações de conflitos em territórios ocupados por povos indígenas que resistem à conquista pela guerra e distanciamento. Da perspectiva do estudo dos conflitos ambientais, a ecologia política questiona a noção de isolamento ao inseri-la como parte do sistema mundo capitalista/colonial. Diante do quadro crescente de fascistização social e violência do Estado, cuja pressão sobre os territórios tornou-se ainda mais intenso, é a morte e a vida destes coletivos …

Tubes And Androgyny: Comment On "Thinking Through Tubes", Françoise Barbira Freedman

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

In this comment on Stephen Hugh-Jones’s "Thinking Through Tubes" Françoise Barbira Freedman offers a feminist meditation on the semiotics of androgyny in Northwest Amazonian shamanism, ritual life and mythology. By focusing on processes of detotalization and retotalization that move beings from an androgynous state to a single-sex identity and back again, Barbira Freedman reveals a dynamic "one sex, two genders model of androgyny" that could not be further from a concept of androgyny as blurred gender. These movements in and out of a one sex state are largely the preserve of men so that androgynous features of the cosmos are …

A Story Of Two Videos Plus Coda: Perspectives On "Contact" In Western Amazonia, Giancarlo Rolando

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

In 2014, the Xinane people of Brazilian Amazonia made international news after two videos showing scenes of their “first contact” were uploaded to the internet. This paper explores the ways in which different audiences reacted to news about this “first contact.” Local Peruvian and Brazilian settlers, the international public, and the Mastanawa, a people culturally proximate to the Xinane, had different readings of this event and expressed opposing views concerning what actions should have been taken following the events depicted in the videos. These differences in opinion are telling of the different ways in which each group thinks of “isolated …

Resoluciones Del Debate Especial Sobre Los Derechos Y La Protección De Los Pueblos Indígenas En Aislamiento, Participantes En El Panel De Debate Especial

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

This contribution represents the consensus arrived at in a dialog between researchers, academics, activists, public officials, and indigenous representatives on the topic of voluntarily isolated peoples that took place over several days at the SALSA meeting in Lima in July 2017. The group’s consensus conclusions with respect to recommended state policy and civil society actions are presented.

Una Víctima Del Encuentro Emergente Entre Mundos, Minna Opas, Yulissa Trigoso Zorrilla

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

En febrero de 2018, Víctor Zorrilla, un hombre Yine de mayor edad que vive en el sudeste de Perú, fue asesinado por los mashco piro mientras estaba cazando. Zorrilla se había encontrado con los mashco piro, los que consideraba como parientes, nomolene, varias veces durante décadas, pero eso no le impidió llegar a ser víctima de un emergente encuentro entre mundos. A través de un relato personal de sus encuentros con los mashco piro en la década de 1980, este artículo plantea y examina varias cuestiones focales relacionadas con el aislamiento voluntario. ¿Cómo se puede adquirir conocimiento sobre los …

Molas: Dress, Identity, Culture By Diana Marks, University Of New Mexico Press, 2016. 288 Pp., Notes, References, Index., Mònica Martínez Mauri

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

Engendering Houses: The Topological Conception Of Gender Pioneered By Stephen And Christine Hugh-Jones, Klaus Hamberger

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Stephen and Christine Hugh-Jones were the first anthropologists not only to demonstrate that the gender value of places and directions depends on the frame of reference and the point of view but to turn this insight into a fruitful principle on which to base transformational analysis. By analyzing the metamorphoses of gender brought about by changes of perspective or scale, they have brought to light the spatial character of the gender concept. As their examinations of Barasana architecture, ritual performance, and domestic work have shown, the relativity of gender is at its core an aspect of the relativity of space. …

Singularity On The Margins: Autobiographical Writings Among The Shuar Of Ecuadorian Amazonia, Grégory Deshoulliere, Natalia Buitron

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Inspired by Stephen Hugh-Jones’s suggestion of a fit between Tukanoan writing genres and their sociocultural systems, in this article we explore Shuar autobiographical writings in light of Chicham (Jivaroan) individualism. By exploring first-person—nonpatrimonial—texts that have received much less attention in the regional literature, the article contributes to theorizing a different way of transmitting tradition:one focused on individual praxis rather than on collective patrimony. Through the analysis of three autobiographical texts, we show how their authors appropriate writing to construct singularity, or distinct “paths of individuation”: the personal story of resistance of a school teacher, the exemplary life course of a …

La Política Pública De No Contacto De Los Pueblos Indígenas En Aislamiento Y Contacto Inicial, Carlos Antonio Martin Soria Dall'orso

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Esta articulo revisa la evolución de la legislación amazónica para la protección de los Pueblos Indígenas en Aislamiento y Contacto Inicial (en adelante PIACI) a través de una mirada al derecho comparado amazónico. Luego se propone cual es la situación territorial de los PIACI en varios países amazónicos, para entender que estos pueblos habitan paisajes complejos de derechos otorgados a ellos pero, a veces también al Estado y a terceros. A continuación se reflexiona sobre la propuesta de reconocer Corredores de Protección PIACI como una propuesta que permite integrar varias áreas de protección PIACI que son colindantes para así a …

A Brief Comment On Hugh-Jones's "The Origin Of Night And The Dance Of Time", Geraldo Andrello

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

In this comment on Hugh-Jones’s article "The Origin of Night," Geraldo Andrello argues that the politics of myth narrations and ritual performances are enacted through the regulation of temporality and explains why it is that all-important status distinctions are brought into existence through the retelling of permutations of the Origin of Night myth.

Maloca-Escola: Transformations Of The Tukanoan House, Melissa S. Oliveira

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

This paper aims to demonstrate how, by combining the foundation of an indigenous school with the construction of a longhouse (maloca), the Tukano indigenous association of the Hausirõ and Ñahuri Porã clans, Middle Tiquié river, produces social relations proper to Tukanoan House societies as described by Hugh-Jones (1991, 1993). Through "indigenous research" and the celebrations that mark the school calendar, internal subdivisions of clan, hierarchy, age and gender are marked in space, while, at the same time, this new space allows for interdependence and articulation with other indigenous groups and outsiders (especially NGO professionals, scientists and politicians). In …

Yine Manxinerune Hosha Hajene E A Territorialidade Na Terra Indígena Mamoadate, Brasil: O Poder Das Memórias, Lucas Artur Brasil Manchineri, Pirjo Kristiina Virtanen, Maria Luiza Ochoa

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Este artigo discute a territorialidade dos Yine Manxinerune Hosha Hajene (os Mashco Piro), um grupo em isolamento voluntário, estabelecida na Terra Indígena Mamoadate, estado do Acre/Brasil, a partir da governança dos Manxineru. As práticas de diferentes atores, como governo, organizações não-governamentais, corporações e comunidades indígenas são considerados em conjunto para situar e discutir a mobilização dos Manxineru na criação de um novo espaço para os Yine Manxinerune Hosha Hajene. Propomos que as escolhas políticas dos Manxineru, em relação à presença dos Yine Manxinerune Hosha Hajene, são baseadas fundamentalmente na sua memória do contato com não-indígenas.

This article discusses the …

Miradas Del Aislamiento Y Del Contacto: Una Crónica Sobre Los Llamados Mashco Piro, Luis Felipe Torres Espinoza

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Este artículo presenta una breve crónica sobre la historia y el presente del pueblo indígena denominado mashco piro, considerado en situación de “aislamiento” por los gobiernos de Perú y Brasil. Además de considerar las amenazas externas que existen sobre sus territorios y sus modos de vida, se propone tomar en cuenta la agencia de los mashco piro al lidiar con este contexto. En este sentido, se plantea recurrir al conocimiento etnológico producido sobre aspectos clave de las sociedades indígenas de la Amazonia (como la guerra, el intercambio y el parentesco), para un entendimiento más completo de su forma de …

Cosmology And Practice In Amazonia: The Inspiring Career Of Stephen Hugh-Jones, Chloe Nahum-Claudel, Olivier Allard

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Stephen Hugh-Jones’s ethnographic and collaborative engagement with the peoples of the Pirá-Paraná and, more widely, the Vaupés and Upper Rio Negro today spans 50 years. In this Introduction we chart the evolution of Hugh-Jones’s hybrid identity as iconoclast scholar, knowledgeable elder, and long-term collaborator. A biographical sketch identifies phases in this anthropological life: that of the ethnographer and initiate, steeped in the intellectual world of Barasana shaman-priests; that of lecturer and theorist in anthropology; and that of areal specialist, developing a synthesis of the ethnography of North West Amazonia through an engagement with Brazilian and indigenous intellectuals. We characterize the …

The Shuar Writing Boom: Cultural Experts And The Creation Of A "Scholarly Tradition", Natalia Buitron, Grégory Deshoulliere

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

In dialogue with Stephen Hugh-Jones’s work on Tukanoan writing, this article analyzes the boom in patrimonial writing among Chicham (Jivaroan)-speaking Shuar people. Patrimonial writing foregrounds collective identity and understandings of culture as group property common to the Tukanoan speakers of the Upper Rio Negro but foreign to the pre-missionized Shuar. We argue that the Shuar interest in patrimonial writing can be explained through the history of missionization and the recent shift to intercultural exchange within the plurinational project of state-building spearheaded by the indigenous movement. By analyzing the wider context of knowledge production and the forms of knowledge Shuar scholars …

Nós Indígenas Precisamos Ser Ouvidos Diretamente E Ser Reparados Das Violações Que Sofremos, Make Turu

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Este artigode opiniãoé a transcrição dos comentários de Make Turu, liderança Matis, feitos na SALSAXI Sesquiannual Conference, em Lima. Make Turu cobra a participação e o protagonismoefetivodo movimento indígena nos processos de contato e de proteção do Vale do Javari, bem comoexige reparação das violaçõescometidas contra os Matis, diretamenteou por omissões,pelo Estadobrasileiroatravés da Funai, tanto no período do pós-contato quanto com relação às recentesviolações que levaram ao conflito com os Koruboe a posterior criminalização dos Matis.

Este artículo de opinión es la transcripción de los comentarios de Make Turu, lider indígena Matis, hechos en la XI Conferencia del SALSA, en …

Povos Indígenas Em Isolamento E Contato Inicial Na Amazonia: As Armadilhas Do Desenvolvimento, Antenor Vaz

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

A partir da experiência como consultor independente, atuando no Brasil como funcionário da Funai e em outros países da América do Sul, o autor apresenta um panorama da situação dos povos indígenas em isolamento na Pan Amazônia e a relação das políticas públicas de proteção com a política regional de desenvolvimento.

Based on experience as a Funai employee and as an independent consultant in Brazil and several other countries of Latin America, the author presents an overview of the situation of isolated indigenous peoples across Amazonia and the relationship between governmental protection policies and regional development plans.

A partir de …

Living On The Move: The Digital Nomad Mobile Phenomenon Identity And Practice, Virginia Rachele Smercina

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The following exploratory project used a qualitative mixed method approach by means of a preliminary blog analysis of thirty-seven blogs and twenty-five semi-structured interviews for data collection on individuals known as digital nomads. The theoretical foundations of this study are centered on practice theory, structuration theory, as well as discussions surrounding cultural identity. The project’s aim is to increase our understanding of the digital nomad phenomenon by asking four research questions: Who are the digital nomads? How is digital nomadism practiced? Why choose to live on the move? Is digital nomadism sustainable? The discussion includes how the digital nomad identity …

Accounting For Biases In Survey-Based Estimates Of Population Attributable Fractions, Ryan Masters, Eric N. Reither

Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology Faculty Publications

Background: This paper discusses best practices for estimating fractions of mortality attributable to health exposures in survey data that are biased by observed confounders and unobserved endogenous selection. Extant research has shown that estimates of population attributable fractions (PAF) from the formula using the proportion of deceased that is exposed (PAF_pd) can attend to confounders, whereas the formula using the proportion of the entire sample exposed (PAF_pe) is biased by confounders. Research has not explored how PAF_pd and PAF_pe equations perform when both confounding and selection bias are present.

Methods: We review equations for …

“Tell Me, Bambi Or Yogi Ever Hunt You Back?” The Windigo Myth: A Metaphor For Imperialism And Mental Illness, Christine Carlough

Senior Capstone Theses

The Canadian indigenous myth of the windigo, originating from Algonquian-speaking tribes of the subarctic Northeast like Ojibwe and Cree, is a manifestation for a multitude of fears. This myth originated hundreds of years ago in order to explain the horror and lack of understanding of a mental illness, which would later be known as Windigo Psychosis. Windigo Psychosis is a culture-bound syndrome for an insatiable desire to consume human flesh. A culture-bound syndrome is recognizable and unique only within a specific society or culture, so in other words, Windigo Psychosis is specific to this area in Canada due to a …

Gender, Family, And Community Attachment In A New Destination, Erin Trouth Hofmann, Claudia Méndez Wright, Emma Meade Earl

Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology Faculty Publications

As new immigrant destinations in the USA have become home to more settled immigrant populations, they are also becoming less male-dominated and attracting more women and families. But this process is occurring unevenly, with some new destinations much more attractive to women than others. The factors that might lead a destination to attract or retain women are not well understood. We draw on interviews with long-time Latin American residents in a non-metropolitan community in Utah with a fairly high proportion of women immigrants to analyze the ways in which gender and other factors relate to community attachment in this specific …

Queen Nanny, A Case Study For Cultural Heritage Tourism: The Archaeology Of Memory And Identity, Lacy Risner

Liberal Arts Capstones

This research project is intended to provide a foundation of knowledge of the Maroon culture in Jamaica, through the legends of one of their most prominent founders, Queen Nanny, as an aid for those who want to educate themselves before approaching community leaders about tourism development. Documentation of Queen Nanny’s life is contested and shrouded in mystery. Yet, that is part of what makes her memory so powerful. The various roles that Queen Nanny is associated with feature her adamant pursuit of an independent life for herself and her Maroons. Whether she is catching bullets or teaching the Maroons how …

The Journey Of A Spiritual Migrant: An Autoethnography On Leaving American Evangelicalism, Joel Mcreynolds

The Journal of Faith, Education, and Community

The support of Donald Trump by many evangelical Christian voters during the 2016 election was seen as a betrayal of core beliefs by the author, who grew up in a non-denominational evangelical church during the 1990s and 2000s. The cognitive dissonance experienced by the author after the 2016 election plunged him into a whirlwind reconsideration of his Christian upbringing. Using autoethnography, a research method that employs self-reflection and personal experience as a qualitative research tool, the author analyzes his own social media posts, journal entries, and creative writing to trace his exit from American Evangelicalism in this deeply personal account. …

Companion Dog Acquisition And Mental Well-Being: A Community-Based Three-Arm Controlled Study, Lauren Powell, Kate M. Edwards, Paul D. Mcgreevy, Adrian Bauman, Anthony L. Podberscek, Brendon Neilly, Catherine Sherrington, Emmanuel Stamatakis

Human-Animal Relationships Collection

Background

Dog ownership is suggested to improve mental well-being, although empirical evidence among community dog owners is limited. This study examined changes in human mental well-being following dog acquisition, including four measures: loneliness, positive and negative affect, and psychological distress.

Methods

We conducted an eight-month controlled study involving three groups (n = 71): 17 acquired a dog within 1 month of baseline (dog acquisition); 29 delayed dog acquisition until study completion (lagged control); and 25 had no intentions of acquiring a dog (community control). All participants completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale (possible scores 0–60), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule …

Towards A Theory Of Human Mobility And Wall-Building: A Comparative Analysis Of Hadrian's Wall And The Iron Curtain., Timothy Heine

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis contributes a theory on human bordering practices that encompasses diverse types of borders and border experiences. In order to flesh out the factors underlying human wall-building, it is vital to first understand the mobile nature (both as an innate characteristic and adaptive strategy) of our species. A clearer appreciation of the biology of human mobility elucidates the seemingly counterintuitive process of the establishment of cultural boundaries. Such an inquiry into the available inter-disciplinary literature on the topics of human mobility and wall-building reveals much about the manner in which humans interpret and utilize space, the variety of walls …

Small Group Learning Is Associated With Reduced Salivary Cortisol And Testosterone In Undergraduate Students, Kristin Snopkowski, Kathryn Demps, Ross Griffiths, Karen S. Fulk, Scott May, Kimberly Neagle, Kayla Downs, Michaela Eugster, Tessa Amend

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Small group learning activities have been shown to improve student academic performance and educational outcomes. Yet, we have an imperfect understanding of the mechanisms by which this occurs. Group learning may mediate student stress by placing learning in a context where students have both social support and greater control over their learning. We hypothesize that one of the methods by which small group activities improve learning is by mitigating student stress. To test this, we collected physiological measures of stress and self-reported perceived stress from 26 students in two undergraduate classes. Salivary cortisol and testosterone were measured within students across …