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Samoanizing My Fa’Apalagi : The Indigenization Of Language In Samoa, Cheryl Nunes

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Since its arrival in the 1830s, the English language has been an increasing presence in the minds and mouths of native Samoans. It winds its way within the schools, onto the streets, and into the offices of modern Samoa. This constant exposure to English, however, does not necessarily entail a loss of the Samoan language or culture. Quite the contrary, as Samoans have not only embraced the English language, but have furthermore indigenized it to their own advantage. Using education and exposure as tools, Samoans readily weave innovative mixtures of English and Samoan into various aspects of their lives, including …

Lifeways In The Northern Mayan Lowlands: New Approaches To Archaeology In The Yucatán Peninsula, Jennifer P. Mathews, Bethany A. Morrison

Faculty Authored and Edited Books & CDs

The flat, dry reaches of the northern Yucatán Peninsula have been largely ignored by archaeologists drawn to the more illustrious sites of the south. This book is the first volume to focus entirely on the northern Maya lowlands, presenting a broad cross-section of current research projects in the region by both established and up-and-coming scholars. To address the heretofore unrecognized importance of the northern lowlands in Maya prehistory, the contributors cover key topics relevant to Maya studies: the environmental and historical significance of the region, the archaeology of both large and small sites, the development of agriculture, resource management, ancient …

The Stench Of Death And The Aromas Of Life: The Poetics Of Ways Of Knowing And Sensory Process Among Piaroa Of The Orinoco Basin, Joanna Overing

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

The Piaroa are people, living along tributaries of the middle Orinoco, who recognize that the dance of every bodily process participates in a poisonous, primordial design of things. This paper explores the relation of sensory processes and the cosmic to Piaroa ways of knowing and doing their arts of the culinary. In so doing it is an expedition into ethnopoetics. My focus is upon the interplay of two contrasting narrative genres—the sublime and grotesque realism—as used by shamanic chanters to unfold the manifold ways in which bodily processes and sensory life are intimately involved in ways of knowing. The imagery …

From One To Metaphor: Toward An Understanding Of Pa’Ikwené (Palikur) Mathematics, Alan Passes

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

This article addresses an aspect of Pa’ikwené knowledge called púkúha, which means both “to understand” and “to count.” It explores the indigenous numerology and the close relationship,no less imaginative than empirical,between mathematics and linguistics that is not always apparent in non-oral societies such as ours. The Pa’ikwené mathematical system is conceptually inventive and lexically profuse, some numerals having over two hundred different forms in current usage thanks to an intensive, affix-based process of morphemic transformations. Thereby, a number word can belong to twenty-one numerical classes relating to five distinct semantic categories incorporating diverse discrete states or qualities (male/female, concrete/abstract, …

Instrumental Speeches, Morality, And Masculine Agency Among Muinane People (Colombian Amazon), Carlos David Londono Sulkin

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Individuals among People of the Center (Colombian Amazon) produced numerous discursive depictions of themselves and of others, regarding their own competence and morality and others’ lacks thereof. Here, I attend particularly to a set of portrayals that pertained mostly to men: those concerning forms of knowledge that each People of the Center deemed uniquely their own. Individuals stressed the great amount of knowledge they possessed, the propriety of their processes of acquisition and the legitimacy of their use of it, its effectiveness and authentically patrilineal character, and the respect and fear others had of them because of it. They also …

The Triumph And Sorrow Of Beauty: Comparing The Recursive, Contrapuntal, And Cellular Aesthetics Of Being, George Mentore

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

The principal assumption put forward in this paper will be that for the Waiwai the privileging of lateral visibility brings ideas about a fractal individual into association with recursive power, while for coastal Guyanese and U.S. societies, respectively, the privileging of axial visibility brings concepts about an autonomous individual into association with contrapuntal and cellular relations of power. It will be argued that, contrary to the Waiwai situation, in its agenda to achieve a greater efficiency for the workings of its political relations with its citizens, the desire of the modern state, expressed through its privileged use of axial visibility, …

On Body And Soul, Guilherme Werlang

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

The notions of “body”and “soul,” within the dual universe of the Marubo from southwestern Amazonia, intersect other contributions to this volume: first, in view of the present concern, from a universalizing perspective, on epistemological issues in Amazonia; and second, in view of a now ever-present relevance of indigenous ontology (here more as the “presentation,” rather than the “investigation” or “account” of the origins of the cosmos and all forms of being therein) vis-à-vis the knowledge, with a particularizing tenor, of the performance of a cognitive ethos.

As noções de “corpo” e “alma,” dentro do universo dual dos Marubo do Sudoeste …

“The Effectiveness Of Symbols” Revisited: Ayoreo Curing Songs, John Renshaw

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

This essay considers a specific field of Amerindian knowledge, namely the sarode, or curing songs, of the Ayoreo of the Gran Chaco. It attempts to elucidate some of the taken-for-granted metaphysical assumptions that underlie Ayoreo epistemology. Following the approach taken in Joanna Overing’s introduction to Reason and Morality (1985), I will suggest that even these apparently simple, repetitive curing songs have to be understood as part of a broader corpus of “mythical” knowledge. They acquire their effectiveness or power, not through suggestion or metaphor but rather by harnessing the power of the “mythical” world of the jnani bajade, the …

Nationalism, Law, Gender And Sexuality: An Anthropological Study Of U.S. Military Culture Among Veterans, Elizabeth R. Gwin

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

This study looks at the ways that sexual and gender identities are constructed through the translation of military experience into the veteran culture of a VA hospital, taking into account the influences of US nationalism in both military and civilian culture. Through life-history interviews, formal vocabulary association exercises, and informal participant observation carried out over the course of three months in 2006, questions about how the VA culture encourages or discourages certain displays of gender and sexual identity through its policies as well as its unofficial customs and traditions are identified and explored. The emergence of a new, unofficial “uniform” …

Matsigenka Corporeality, A Nonbiological Reality: On Notions Of Consciousness And The Constitution Of Identity, Dan Rosengren

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Departing from the specific case of Matsigenka people in the Montaña of southeastern Peru, this article challenges some of the assumptions associated with predominant conceptions of Amazonian perspectivism. Examining different cultural registers such as birth rituals and mythology, Matsigenka peoples’ notions about being, soul, and self are discussed in relation to the importance that often is ascribed to physical shape for conceptualizing the world. In contrast to this stress on the corporeal, it is argued that Matsigenka people consider the noncorporeal cognizant self to determine outlook and identity. In accordance, corporeal transformation is seen as a result of “the self …

The Cultural Context Of Research: Child Labor And Daily Life In Tanzania, Erica Bertolotto

Inquiry Journal 2006

No abstract provided.

Community Participation In Tribal Diabetes Programs, Carolyn Smith-Morris

Anthropology Research

No abstract provided.

From Mounds To Monasteries: A Look At Spiro And Other Centers Through The Use Of Metaphor, Robert L. Brooks

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Previous study of the extensive and elaborate funerary offerings at the Spiro site have explained their presence by an exchange system with Spiro functioning as a gateway center. More recently, Schambach has argued extensively and passionately for Spiro’s role as an entrepôt redistributive center. However, this argument fails to account for much of the accumulation of funerary items present at Spiro. As an alternative, I propose that some ceremonial centers such as Spiro functioned solely as religious centers, much like the monasteries of medieval Europe with parallels in the use of architecture, economic support, relics, and the treatment of individuals …

Iowa Academy Of Science: The New Bulletin, V02n1, Winter 2006, Iowa Academy Of Science

New Bulletin

Inside This Issue:

--Message from the Executive Director

--Pare Lorentz Award for Iowa Documentary

--118th Iowa Academy of Science Annual Meeting

--Iowa Summit on Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education

--Iowa Science Teachers Journal

--Considering Reorganizing the IAS Sections

--GLOBE ONE

--Grants & Award Program Announcements

--IAS Honors New Fellows

--Now Accepting 2006 Fellows Nominations

Reviews And End Matter

BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers

The Art of Beadwork: Historic Inspiration, Contemporary Design, by Valerie Hector (2005), reviewed by Alice Scherer

Beads of Borneo, by Heidi Munan (2005), reviewed by Hwei-Fe'n Cheah.

The Stoic Monastic: Taiwanese Buddhism And The Problem Of Emotions, Hillary Crane

Faculty Publications

This paper explores the stoicism of Taiwanese monastics and argues that, in this context, emotions are believed to be dangerous in part because they interfere with spiritual cultivation. A stoic exterior further represents an inner state of calm and a lack of emotionality. Since women are believed to have more emotional problems than men, nuns in particular seek to control their emotions, in part by studying the example of monks. Women’s emotions are contrasted with the trait of compassion, which is associated with men and thought to be selfless. Cultivating compassion is the focus of much of their spiritual practice …

Kinship And The Dynamics Of The House: Rediscovering Dualism In The Pueblo Past, Carrie Heitman, Stephen Plog

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Temporal Scales And Archaeological Landscapes From The Eastern Desert Of Australia And Intermontane North America, Simon J. Holdaway, Luann Wandsnider

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Time gets much less attention than space in discussions of archaeological scale. This may seem strange in a primarily historical discipline for which the demonstration of human antiquity is something of a defining moment (Grayson, 1983). Part of the reason may lie in the nature of time. Time unfolds along a continuum, and the way observers perceive time depends on their location and the scales they adopt. Compare the contemporary Western experience of earth time, for example, with time at the scale of the universe. A person traveling at the speed of light would experience a different time (Hawking, 1998; …

2006-2007, Csusb

Anthropology Department newsletter

Inside this issue

• Alumni news p.3
• Active ALPACA p.4
• Student news p.6
• Faculty news p.7
• The history of the french fry (back cover)

There Is No Alternative To Tribalism, Denny Gayton

Nebraska Anthropologist

Tribal traditions and the western scientific tradition are not investigated for congruency or correspondences. The tribal order of the universe concerns itself with wholeness while the western order, in comparison, is fragmented The tribal order is introduced first through correspondences alluding to physics. The feature that both the tribal order and the western order, through modern physics, will speak to is reductionistic-externalistic mechanism The relativity and quantum theories illustrate inadequacy with mechanism; a feature central to the tribal Lakota order, wakan, is used to bring both theories together through its internal, qualitative nature. The tribal order clearly has no issues …

Conceptions Of Humor: Lakota (Sioux), Koestlerian, And Computational, Benjamin Grant Purzycki

Nebraska Anthropologist

The Lakota (Sioux) sacred clowns (heyoka) of traditional religious practice offer a glimpse of the clown phenomenon found in many of the world's indigenous traditions. By illustrating the unified Lakota and Western conceptions of humor, the logic of how particular entities of the natural environment are understood as relatives according to Lakota thought is brought to light in hopes of introducing the idea that such insights were not only statements or observations about the external, physical world, but also about the internal or mental world.

Report On The Archaeological Site Examination Of The Entrance Drive, Carriage House, Greenhouse, Vegetable Garden, Flower Garden And Grapery At Gore Place, Waltham, Massachusetts, J.N. Leith Smith, Gregory Dubell

Andrew Fiske Memorial Center for Archaeological Research Publications

Alandscape restoration plan for the 45-acre Gore Place property in Waltham and Watertown, MA, calls for restoration of grounds, gardens and structures to depict and interpret the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century occupation of Massachusetts governor and United States senator, Christopher Gore, and his wife, Rebecca. The restoration plan includes archaeological investigation to help identify the location and integrity of six historically documented features on the Gore Place grounds. Blocks and transects of shovel test pits at 5, 10 and 20 meter intervals along with 1 x 1 m excavation units and trenching were employed in the archaeological site examination …

Philosophical Justification And The Legal Accommodation Of Indigenous Ritual Objects; An Australian Study, Andrew G. Hunter

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Indigenous cultural possessions constitute a diverse global issue. This issue includes some culturally important, intangible tribal objects. This is evident in the Australian copyright cases viewed in this study, which provide examples of disputes over traditional Indigenous visual art. A proposal for the legal recognition of Indigenous cultural possessions in Australia is also reviewed, in terms of a new category of law. When such cultural objects are in an artistic form they constitute the tribe's self-presentation and its mechanism of cultural continuity. Philosophical arguments for the legal recognition of Indigenous intellectual `property' tend to assume that the value of Indigenous …

Archeological Impact Evaluations And Surveys In The Texas Department Of Transportation's Corpus Christi, Laredo, Pharr, And San Antonio Districts 2003-2005, Timothy B. Griffith, Ross C. Fields, E. Frances Gadus, Karl W. Kibler

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This document constitutes the final report of work done by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. (PAI), under a contract from the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to provide archeological services in four TxDOT districts—Corpus Christi, Laredo, Pharr, and San Antonio. Under this contract, PAI completed Impact Evaluations and Surveys to assist TxDOT in meeting the requirements of their Memorandum of Understanding with the Texas Historical Commission and a Programmatic Agreement between the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the Federal Highway Administration, the Texas Historical Commission, and TxDOT. The contract began on March 17, 2003, and the last work authorization was issued …

Quelques Remarques Sur Les Belgicismes Métalinguistiques, Jean-Nicolas De Surmont

Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature

Of all Belgicisms, only a few have metalinguistic connotation and they have to be considered of special interest in this respect, even if the literature on French in Belgium has not addressed this issue specifically. This essay proposes some observations on these few important words, supported by recent lexicographical descriptions and data obtained through research undertaken in collaboration with Michel Francard of the Université catholique de Louvain (Belgium).

New Bodies, Ancient Blood: “Purity” And The Construction Of Zápara Identity In The Ecuadorian Amazon, Maximilian Viatori

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

In this article, I explore how the Zápara in Amazonian Ecuador stress the biological side of their bodies, particularly the “purity” of their blood, as an indicator of the uniqueness of their identity. In order to imagine themselves as distinct from their Kichwa neighbors—with whom they share similar cultural and linguistic practices—Zápara assert that the essence of their difference resides in their blood, which links them in an unbroken continuum to their precontact ancestors. I argue that this new focus on blood purity represents a shift from cultural practices—speaking Zápara—to bodily attributes—having “pure” Zápara blood—as the primary basis for Zápara …

South Carolina State Tribes Finally Recognized, Jonathan Leader

Faculty & Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Amerindian Torture Revisited: Rituals Of Enslavement And Markers Of Servitude In Tropical America, Fernando Santos-Granero

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Western fascination with the body and all things corporeal has permeated millennial anthropology,capturing the attention of anthropologists working in different parts of the world. In lowland South America, Seeger, da Matta, and Viveiros de Castro (1979) called attention, early on, to the Amerindian propensity to use the body as the main instrument to convey social and cosmological meanings. In a now famous essay entitled “Of Torture in Primitive Societies,” Pierre Clastres (1974) suggested that Amerindian initiation rituals—always entailing some kind of torture and bodily modification—were meant to mark initiates not only as adults but, above all, as fellow and equal …

Introduction: What Constitutes A Human Body In Native Amazonia?, Laura Rival

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

Introducing Discipline: Anthropology And Human Rights Administrations, Iris Jean-Klein, Annelise Riles

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Anthropologists engage human rights administrations with an implicit promise that our discipline has something unique to offer. The articles in this special issue turn questions about relevance and care so often heard in the context of debates about human rights outside in. They focus not on how anthropology can contribute to human rights activities, but on what anthropological encounters with human rights contribute to the development of our discipline. They ask, how exactly do we render the subject relevant to anthropology? Reflecting on some ways anthropologists in this field have dispensed care for their subjects, the authors highlight two modalities …