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Wpa News 113 (2020), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (Winter 2020), number 113

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Effects Of Slope Upon Hind Limb Kinematics In Chukar Partridge (Alectoris Chukar), Anna T. Kenney

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

Ground dwelling birds must scale all kinds of complex terrain in order to survive in their natural environments. For instance, Alectoris chukar live on steep hillsides with slopes of up to 60° or 172.3% slope. We undertook the present study to improve understanding of how birds successfully traverse such complex terrain. Using a high speed camera, we analyzed the hind limb kinematics of chukars during normal locomotion on a 10° and 35° incline, decline, and level slope. We compared the data collected from the video recordings, which we had used to identify and digitize the bony landmarks, between all conditions. …

A New Genus Of Baetidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) From Southeast Asia, Thomas Kaltenbach, Jhoana M. Garces, Jean-Luc Gattolliat

Biology Faculty Publications

A new genus of Baetidae is described from Southeast Asia, Procerobaetis gen. nov. It has a wide distribution reaching from Indonesia (Sumatra) to the Philippines. Two new species are described from Indonesia, P. leptobranchius gen. et sp. nov. and P. petersorum gen. et sp. nov., and one new species from the Philippines, P. freitagi gen. et sp. nov. Procerobaetis gen. nov. is characterized by having seven pairs of elongate, apically pointed gills. At least gills I and II are very slender with strongly extended points, which is unique in Baetidae. Similar gills were described from Leptophlebiidae. Procerobaetis gen. nov. is …

Effect Of Ammoniation And Harvest Method On Waste And Consumption Of Corn Residue Bales Fed To Cows In A Round Bale Feeder, Ashley C. Conway, Zachary E. Carlson, Fred H. Hilscher Jr, J. C. Macdonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Mary E. Drewnoski

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

To determine the effects of harvest method and ammoniation (3.7% of dry matter) on consumption and waste of baled corn residue, a 6 × 6 Latin square with a 3 × 2 factorial treatment structure was conducted. Six treatments consisted of either nonammoniated or ammoniated residue, harvested one of three ways: conventional rake and bale (CONV), New Holland Cornrower with two rows of stem chopped into the windrow with tailings (2ROW), or EZBale system (EZB) with a disengaged combine spreader and tailings dropped in a windrow. Open cows were grouped by body weight to produce a light block of two …

Beef Cows With Atypical Estrous Cyclicity At Puberty Produced Calves With Deficits In Preweaning Muscling, Metabolic Indicators, And Myoblast Function But Not In Feedlot Performance, Rebecca M. Swanson, Rachel L. Gibbs, Caitlin Cadaret, Galen E. Erickson, Ty B. Schmidt, Andrea Cupp, Dustin T. Yates

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

In cattle, age at puberty and number of estrous cycles prior to first breeding contribute to lifetime reproductive success (Perry et al., 1991). In our university beef herd, we have identified a subset of cows that exhibited irregular pubertal cyclicity patterns between weaning and their first breeding season, which we postulate is associated with high androstenedione in follicular fluid (Cupp et al., 2019). Cows with high androstenedione are subfertile but wean calves that average 17 kg heavier than the herd average (Summers et al., 2014). We hypothesized that this additional weight at weaning in their offspring is due to superior …

Beta-Adrenergic Agonists Increase Maximal Output Of Oxidative Phosphorylation In Bovine Satellite Cells, Renae L. Sieck, Leah K. Treffer, Martonio Ponte Viana, Oleh Khalimonchuk, Ty B. Schmidt, Dustin T. Yates, Jessica L. Petersen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Beta-adrenergic agonists (βAA), Ractopamine HCl (RH) and Zilpaterol HCl (ZH), are FDAapproved supplements utilized in pigs and cattle to improve growth performance, carcass weight, and longissimus muscle area (Arp et al., 2014; Lean et al., 2014). Previous studies within our group have focused on understanding molecular changes in skeletal muscle due to βAA supplementation. This work has shown that βAA supplementation increases glucose oxidation in muscle from thermoneutral and heat-stressed lambs (Barnes et al., 2019) and in rat skeletal muscle stimulated with ZH (Cadaret et al., 2017). Skeletal muscle transcriptomics of lambs supplemented ZH revealed upregulation of genes associated with …

Heat Stress And Β-Adrenergic Agonists Alter The Adipose Transcriptome And Fatty Acid Mobilization In Ruminant Livestock, Rachel R. Reith, Renae L. Sieck, Pablo C. Grijalva, Erin M. Duffy, Rebecca M. Swanson, Anna M. Fuller, Kristin A. Beede, Joslyn K. Beard, Duarte E. Diaz, Ty B. Schmidt, Dustin T. Yates, Jessica L. Petersen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Growth and feed efficiency of cattle are improved by supplementation with the beta-adrenergic agonists (βAA), ractopamine hydrochloride (RH; β₁AA) or zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; β₂AA) (Elam et al., 2009). βAA supplementation alters adipose deposition by inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis and promoting lipolysis of stored triacylglycerols into free fatty acids (FFAs) (Johnson et al., 2014). However, β₂ adrenoceptors (βAR) desensitize with chronic activation (Re et al., 1997); supplementation is thus limited to the last 20 to 40 d of feeding.

The annual economic impact of heat stress (HS) has been estimated to exceed $2.4 billion (St-Pierre et …

Age Related Extracellular Matrix And Interstitial Cell Phenotype In Pulmonary Valves, Shaohua Wu, Vikas Kumar, Peng Xiao, Mitchell Kuss, Jung Yul Lim, Chittibabu Guda, Jonathan Butcher, Bin Duan

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Heart valve disease is a common manifestation of cardiovascular disease and is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pulmonary valve (PV) is of primary concern because of its involvement in common congenital heart defects, and the PV is usually the site for prosthetic replacement following a Ross operation. Although effects of age on valve matrix components and mechanical properties for aortic and mitral valves have been studied, very little is known about the age-related alterations that occur in the PV. In this study, we isolated PV leaflets from porcine hearts in different age groups (~ 4–6 …

Regional Variation In Ventral Body Color And Pattern In The Western Ratsnake, Pantherophis Obsoletus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae), In Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Pantherophis obsoletus, the Western Ratsnake (a.k.a., black ratsnake or chicken snake), is a large colubrid species widely distributed throughout the central and southcentral United States west of the Mississippi River (Powell et al. 2016). This species has received considerable attention with its early taxonomic history found in Neill (1949) and Dowling (1952) and its current phylogeographic status examined by Burbrink et al. (2000), Burbrink (2001), and Gibbs et al. (2006). Dorsal body color and pattern played an important role in resolving the early taxonomic issues within this ratsnake species complex, whereas mtDNA was utilized in the more recent phylogeographic analyses …

Impact Of Postweaning Management Strategies On Beef Carcass Characteristics And Meat Quality, Christina Elaine Bakker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The overall objective of this dissertation was to determine the impact of selected post weaning management strategies on beef carcass characteristics and meat quality. The specific objectives were 1) determine the effect of a rumen-protected long chain fatty acids fed during finishing on live performance, serum fatty acid profile, carcass traits, and predicted carcass composition, and 2) determine effects of feeding brassica-based cover crops to cattle during backgrounding on live animal performance, carcass characteristics, tenderness, juiciness, and flavor of strip steaks, and case life of ground beef and strip steaks. Results from both objectives indicate post weaning management strategies do …

Cold-Water Prey Fish Monitoring And Ecology In Lake Oahe, Nicholas B. Kludt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In Lake Oahe, a large mainstem Missouri river reservoir that spans 375 river kilometers in central North and South Dakota, naturalized Rainbow Smelt are the primary forage species for a regionally important Walleye Sander vitreus fishery. Walleye condition in Lake Oahe is highly correlated to Rainbow Smelt relative abundance through time, the latter species being typified by erratic abundance trends since accidental introduction in 1971. Cisco Coregonus artedii were introduced in the early 1990s to augment the cold-water prey base. We evaluated Lake Oahe cold-water prey base monitoring and dynamics through: 1.) a comparison of two hydroacoustic survey designs, 2.) …

Understanding How Agricultural Intensification Impacts Ring-Necked Pheasant Distribution And Survival In Eastern South Dakota, Hilary R. Kauth

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Historically, pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) have thrived in South Dakota in conjunction with successful land retirement programs or early farming practices through the 1950s, which created interspersions of agriculture and native landscapes that were ideal for pheasants. Recently, the Prairie Pothole ecosystem has undergone rapid agroeconomic expansion, effectively reducing ideal interspersions of native prairie and cropland into agriculturally homogeneous landscapes. Indices of pheasant abundance have suggested persistent population declines since 2008, raising concerns regarding landscape suitability. Our goal was to understand how agriculture intensification impacts pheasant ecology. The objectives were to: 1) estimate overwinter hen probability of survival, resource …

Distribution, Density, Movement, And Support For Management Of Mountain Sucker, Pantosteus Jordani, In The Black Hills Of South Dakota, Seth J. Fopma

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mountain Sucker, Pantosteus jordani, is a cold-water species native to the Intermountain West. Fringe populations of Mountain Sucker have experienced declines in recent decades. The population of Mountain Sucker found in the Black Hills of South Dakota represents the eastern fringe of the species’ native range. Recognized as both an indicator of biologic health and as a species of greatest conservation need in South Dakota, recent studies have suggested significant declines in both distribution and abundance. Despite the recent study of Mountain Sucker in the region, increased understanding of Mountain Sucker ecology is needed to effectively manage for the conservation …

Development Of Methods To Improve Lactose Recovery From Permeate And Drying Characteristics Of Greek Acid Whey, Venkateswarlu Sunkesula

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Growth of higher protein dairy products and ingredients such as cheese, Greek yogurt, whey protein concentrates, and milk protein concentrates is limited by the amount of co-product generated and the ability to process them into value added ingredients. Finding value for all the co-products will help dairy industry to meet the growing demand for dairy protein products and ingredients. Commercial scale evaluation of new technologies for improving lactose crystallization and drying ability of Greek yogurt acid whey will help dairy industry to better utilize different dairy co-products. Commercially, lactose is manufactured from concentrated permeate by cooling and separating α-lactose monohydrate …

Influence Of Mink Predation On Brown Trout Survival And Size-Structure In Rapid Creek, South Dakota, Austin Galinat

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

I compared movement, home range, habitat selection, and mortality among radio-tagged Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) at an American Mink (Neovison vison)-removal site, improved habitat site, and an undisturbed stream site in Rapid Creek, South Dakota. I observed high, post-surgery (> 26 days) survival rate (90%) of radio tagged Brown Trout. Average gross movement of Brown Trout was greater at the improved habitat site (127 m) compared to the mink removal (31 m) site, while average home range size (i.e., stream distance) among all three sites was not significantly different indicating strong site fidelity (125 to 200 m). Brown Trout movements …

Evaluating The Effects Of Yeast Cell Wall Component, Phytochemical Oil, And Vitamin E On Sow Antioxidant Status And Growth Performance Of Dam And Offspring, Lily P. Hernandez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Times of high metabolic activity in gestation and lactation, as well as periods of stress at weaning, can lead to greater incidences of oxidative stress in the dam and offspring during the suckling and post-weaning period. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between prooxidant molecules and the antioxidant defense system that can negatively impact growth and/or reproductive performance. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a yeast cell wall component (Citristim, ADM Nutrition, Quincy, IL), peppermint oil, and ɣ-tocopherol in gestation and lactation diets to alleviate the impact of oxidative stress on maternal reproductive and offspring growth …

Modification Of Plant Proteins And Their Potential Application As Fish Meal Replacements In Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss Feeds, Miran Jaza Hama Salh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Soybean meals (SBM) and its by-products are the most common plant feedstuffs that are used in feeds for a variety of fish species of fish over the last three decades due to high protein levels and good amino acid profile, in comparison with other plant protein sources. In the last two decades the production of soybean was around zero metric tons (Index, 2020). Barley is another plant protein that has been tested in some species diets. While barley is used in many areas such as brewing industry, animal feeding, human consumption, it is mainly used for animal feeding in Kurdistan. …

Impact Of Altering Lys : Energy Ratio During Gestation On Sow Productivity, Piglet Robustness, And Piglet Post-Wean Growth Performance, Tiffany C. Bruhn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Across 4 breeding groups, 63 primiparous and multiparous females were blocked by parity, balanced by weight, then randomly assigned to one of 3 gestation feeding regimens: Control (CON), 1.50 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d2-110 of gestation; Phase Feeding 1 (PF1), 1.50 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d2-89 and 2.11 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d 90-110 of gestation; Phase Feeding 2 (PF2), 1.25, 1.07, and 0.88g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d2-89 for gilts, parity 1, and parity 2+, respectively and 2.11 g SID Lys/Mcal ME from d90-110 of gestation over 2 reproductive cycles. During lactation, all sows received a …

Physiological Responses To Feeding A Yeast Culture Supplement To Transition Dairy Cows, Nathaly Ana Carpinelli

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The transition period is the dynamic stage in the lactation cycle, where the most metabolic changes can occur. The use of nutritional strategies, such as yeast culture, can help cows during the transition from pregnancy to early lactation, improving health and decreasing the incidence of metabolic disorders. The first objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of a commercial yeast culture product (YC; Cellerate Culture Classic HD, Phibro Animal Health, Teaneck, NJ) on performance, blood biomarkers, and rumen fermentation and bacterial population in dairy cows during the transition period through 50 days in milk (DIM). Overall, the results …

Single Droplet Drying Technology For The Optimization Of The Dairy Ingredients With Best Quality And Functionality, Hiral Narendrabhai Vora

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As a result of their extended shelf-life, dried dairy ingredients constitute a significant category produced for global markets. During the development of dairy ingredients, several drying trials are typically conducted to determine optimum drying conditions. The results of these trials can be critical in determining optimum dryer design. However, these trials can be expensive and time-consuming. An alternative that has recently been developed using a new technique called single droplet drying (SDD). The SDD technique involves a single droplet suspended on the tip of a glass filament, where changes in droplet diameter, mass, and temperature are measured during drying. SDD …

Novel Mechanism For Turning Performance In Bluefin Tuna, Abigail Downs

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Scombrid fishes can attain exceptional swimming speeds due to their thunniform, lift-based propulsion, large muscle mass, and fusiform body shape. A rigid body restricts maneuverability for aquatic organisms. To test if turning maneuvers by the rigid-bodied Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) are constrained, captive animals were video recorded from above as the animals routinely swam around a large circular tank or during feeding bouts. The turning performance was classified into three different types of turns: 1) glide turn, where the tuna uses the caudal fin as a rudder to passively move through the turn, 2) powered turn, where …

Form And Function Of The California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) Hindflippers: Control Surfaces For Subaqueous Maneuvers, Ariel Leahy

West Chester University Master’s Theses

The hindflippers of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) have previously been overlooked as aquatic control surfaces. Although passively trailed in rectilinear swimming, the hindflippers are abducted into a delta-wing shape during aquatic maneuvers. As the anatomy of sea lion hindflippers had not previously been described, anatomical/morphological examinations were completed via scaled measurements and dissections. It was found that the tendons of Flexor Hallucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus insert into the collagen matrix of the crenellations instead of onto bone and the tendons of Flexor Digitorum Brevis contain foramen through which the tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus pass. …

Finding Fishers: Determining The Distribution Of A Rare Forest Mesocarnivore In The Northern Rocky Mountains, Jessica M. Krohner

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The Northern Rocky Mountain fisher population (Pekania pennanti), is classified as a Species of Greatest Conservation Need and is of special concern to state, federal, and tribal entities. In this thesis, we present methods to effectively survey fishers across the northern Rockies of Idaho and Montana, and provide estimates of fisher distribution at a population range-wide scale through occupancy analyses. We also assess factors that influence fisher occurrence through covariate analyses and identify core fisher habitat in the northern Rockies through spatial occupancy modeling. By sampling broadly across the landscape, we provide baseline distributional data for comparison against …

Selection Of Forage And Avoidance Of Predation Risk By Partially Migratory Mule Deer, Collin Jeffrey Peterson

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Migration by ungulates has traditionally been thought of as a strategy that increases access to forage quality or reduces exposure to risk of predation, but the benefits of migration may be waning globally. In partially migratory populations, the persistence of both migrant and resident strategies is an intriguing ecological phenomenon, because migrants and residents often face contrasting fitness consequences. Partial migration is common in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), a species that has experienced widespread declines across the western United States during recent decades. Mule deer seldom switch between migratory strategies throughout their lifetime, which may make them less resilient to …

The Effect Of Shade Tree Species On Bird Communities In Central Kenyan Coffee Farms, Deven Kammerichs-Berke

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Shade coffee has been recognized as a well-studied example of a land-sharing management strategy that both creates habitat for tropical birds while also maintaining agricultural yield. Despite the general consensus that shade coffee is more “bird-friendly” than a sun coffee monoculture, little work has been done to investigate the effects of specific shade tree species on bird diversity and their capacity to help deliver ecosystem services. Previous studies in temperate regions have demonstrated that due to shared evolutionary histories, native plant species are better at promoting native arthropod numbers, which in turn support a greater number of birds. This study …

Ecological And Evolutionary Dynamics Of Elephant Rewilding, Lysanne Snijders

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler make a thought-provoking contribution to the discussion of what role captive animals could play in nature conservation and how we could get there through rewilding. There certainly is potential for captive Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, to become targets of conservation efforts, but there are also many questions: (1) How much do (behavioral) traits of captive-origin animals differ from their free conspecifics? (2) What predicts the likelihood and strength of social reintegration of captive animals into free populations? (3) How much of an Asian elephant’s functional role in the environment can captive animals still fulfill and how …

Elucidation Of Putative Binding Partners For The Protein Encoded By Orf149 Of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 In Goldfish (Carassius Auratus), Simon Menanteau–Ledouble, Michael Gotesman, Ebrahim Razzazi‐Fazeli, Sven M. Bergmann, Mansour El‐Matbouli

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Phenotypic Divergence In Two Sibling Species Of Shorebird: Common Snipe And Wilson’S Snipe (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae), Tiago M. Rodrigues, Edward H. Miller, Sergei V. Drovetski, Robert M. Zink, Jon Fjeldså, David Gonçalves

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Natural and social selection are among the main shapers of biological diversity but their relative importance in divergence remains understudied. Additionally, although neutral evolutionary processes may promote phenotypic divergence, their potential contribution in speciation is often overlooked in studies of comparative morphology. In this study, we investigated phenotypic differentiation in two allopatric shorebirds: the Palaearctic Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago and the Nearctic Wilson’s Snipe Gallinago delicata. Specimens of Common Snipe (n = 355 skins, n = 163 skeletons) and Wilson’s Snipe (n = 403 skins, n = 141 skeletons) in natural history collections were examined to quantify differences in skeletal …

Artificial Intelligence And Covid-19: Deep Learning Approaches For Diagnosis And Treatment, M. B. Jamshidi, A. Lalbakhsh, J. Talla, Z. Peroutka, F. Hadjilooei, P Lalbakhsh, M. Jamshidi, L. La Spada, M. Mirmozafari, M. Dehghani, A. Sabet, Sa. Roshani, So. Roshani, N. Bayat-Makou, B. Mohamadzade, Z. Malek, A. Jamshidi, S. Kiani, H. Hashemi-Dezaki, W. Mohyuddin

Faculty Publications

COVID-19 outbreak has put the whole world in an unprecedented difficult situation bringing life around the world to a frightening halt and claiming thousands of lives. Due to COVID-19 & x2019;s spread in 212 countries and territories and increasing numbers of infected cases and death tolls mounting to 5,212,172 and 334,915 (as of May 22 2020), it remains a real threat to the public health system. This paper renders a response to combat the virus through Artificial Intelligence (AI). Some Deep Learning (DL) methods have been illustrated to reach this goal, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), …

Application Of Nanofiltration To Delactosed Permeate To Produce Food Grade Retentate And Permeate Streams, Lee Alexander

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Delactosed permeate (DLP), commonly referred to as mother liquor, is a plentiful byproduct in the dairy industry. It is a direct byproduct of edible lactose manufacture produced in cheese and dairy ingredient facilities. Despite being rich in lactose and minerals, DLP is most commonly relegated to an animal feed product due to its high ash content, it inhibits and disallows crystallization of any remaining lactose. Delactosed permeate showed many inconsistencies from supplier to supplier and within lots from the same supplier in the eight DLP samples obtained from four separate mozzarella and cheddar manufacturing facilities. Nanofiltration (NF) opens potential food …