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Articles 20131 - 20160 of 21395

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Species Diversity And Distribution Of Fish In Lake Nicaragua, Kurt W. Koenig, Richard J. Beatty, Sergio Martinez C. Jan 1976

Species Diversity And Distribution Of Fish In Lake Nicaragua, Kurt W. Koenig, Richard J. Beatty, Sergio Martinez C.

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The results of a preliminary study of the abundance, diversity and distribution of some of the fish species in Lake Nicaragua are presented here. These parameters have received little attention from investigators working on the lake.
A frequently used measure of species diversity is the Shannon-Weiner diversity index. It measures the degree of uncertainty of predicting the species identity of a randomly selected individual (Pielou, 1966). Lloyd and Ghelardi (1964) indicated that species diversity indices are influenced by both the species number, or "richness", and the species "evenness", or relative number of individuals of a species in a given habitat. …

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Pigments Of A Color Polymorphism In A Cichlid Fish, Robert Webber, George W. Barlow, Alan H. Brush Jan 1976

Pigments Of A Color Polymorphism In A Cichlid Fish, Robert Webber, George W. Barlow, Alan H. Brush

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

1. Cichlasoma citrinellum occurs as gray or gold morphs in lakes in Nicaragua. The gold morph is variable and individuals range from yellow to dark orange.
2. The pigments responsible for the carotenoid coloration are E-carotene and canthaxanthin. The gray morph contains a carotenoid component and also heavy melanin deposits.
3. The carotenoids are dietary in origin, but their distribution and intensity is presumably under genetic control.
4. The relation of color morphs to the ecological and selective forces which might produce them is discussed.

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Parental Behavior And Some Histological Features Of Scales In Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes Jan 1976

Parental Behavior And Some Histological Features Of Scales In Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

We have described elsewhere the ontogeny of behavior of young Cichlasoma citrinelium, and some aspects of the behavior of the parents during the corresponding period (Noakes and Barlow 1968, 1973a, 1973b). Adults are polymorphic in body color, the "normal" color being grey; the "gold" morphs are more or less xanthic and lack the species typical dark markings (Barlow 1973; and in preparation). The young have a characteristic behavior directed toward the parents in both the laboratory and the field. About 4 days after the young become free-swimming, they begin to feed from the body surfaces …

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Limnology Of The Great Lakes Of Nicaragua, Gerald A. Cole Jan 1976

Limnology Of The Great Lakes Of Nicaragua, Gerald A. Cole

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

For more than a century, the two largest bodies of water in Nicaragua, Lake Nicaragua and its smaller companion, Managua, have engaged naturalists from several disciplines. Perhaps their appeal has been as curiosities because of the occurrence of fish with marine affinities in the larger lake, especially a dangerous shark. The charm has been in Nicaragua or Cocibolca, rather than Managua, properly called Xolotlán. Even though the latter is saltier, it has no elasmobranchs or tarpons.
The lakes, and specifically the larger, cover the greatest expanse of any body of water between Lake Titicaca, Bolivia-Peru, and the Laurentian …

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The Status Of The Lake Nicaragua Shark: An Updated Appraisal, Thomas B. Thorson Jan 1976

The Status Of The Lake Nicaragua Shark: An Updated Appraisal, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Since 1966, an extensive tagging program has demonstrated beyond any further doubt (Thorson, 1971) that the sharks move from the Caribbean Sea to Lake Nicaragua and vice versa. At the time of this writing, of 1450 post-juvenile sharks tagged at the various river mouths on the Caribbean Coast, ten have been recovered in Lake Nicaragua; and of 146 tagged at San Carlos, where the river leaves the lake, 28 have been recovered along the Caribbean Coast, most of them at the various outlets of the Rio San Juan. Except for these basic facts, the results of the tagging program have …

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The Midas Cichlid In Nicaragua, George W. Barlow Jan 1976

The Midas Cichlid In Nicaragua, George W. Barlow

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Cichlasoma citrinellum (Gunther), the Midas cichlid, is the most important food fish in the Great Lakes Basin of Nicaragua. It occurs in the majority of the lakes, where it is the most ubiquitous cichlid fish, but it is uncommon in the rivers. The fry are carnivorous while the juveniles and adults are omnivorous, eating mostly Aufwuchs, snails, and fish. The Midas cichlids suffer from a number of diseases in nature and in the laboratory, including lymphocystis and nocardiosis. Potential predators vary from sharks and sawfish in Lake Nicaragua, to just one cichlid relative in one crater lake; in Lake …

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Presence Of The Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma Managuense Gunther In Lake Xiloá, Nicaragua, Jime Villa Jan 1976

Presence Of The Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma Managuense Gunther In Lake Xiloá, Nicaragua, Jime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Villa (1968) included C. managuense in the fauna of Lake Xiloá as a "recently introduced" species since the Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia (Nicaragua) had introduced several hundred young individuals of this species from Lake Managua, hatched at the Estacion Experimental "La Calera." Apparently officials of the Ministerio did not determine whether or not C. managuense occurred in Lake Xiloá prior to its introduction.

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Body Fluid Solutes Of Juveniles And Adults Of The Euryhaline Bull Shark Carcharhinus Leucas From Freshwater And Saline Environments, Thomas B. Thorson, C. Michael Cowan, Donald E. Watson Jan 1976

Body Fluid Solutes Of Juveniles And Adults Of The Euryhaline Bull Shark Carcharhinus Leucas From Freshwater And Saline Environments, Thomas B. Thorson, C. Michael Cowan, Donald E. Watson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Since the discovery of the phenomenally high urea content of the body fluids of cartilaginous fishes by Staedeler and Frerichs (1858), the unique osmoregulatory system of this vertebrate class has been studied by many investigators. In broad outline, the mechanisms are essentially similar in all three of the major subtaxa: the selachians, the batoids, and the holocephalans. A single exception is the genus Potamotrygon (fresh-water stingrays of South America and Africa), which has apparently lost the ability to concentrate urea even when transferred to salt water.

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Observations On The Reproduction Of The Sawfish, Pristis Perotteti, In Lake Nicaragua, With Recommendations For Its Conservation, Thomas B. Thorson Jan 1976

Observations On The Reproduction Of The Sawfish, Pristis Perotteti, In Lake Nicaragua, With Recommendations For Its Conservation, Thomas B. Thorson

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The presently known pristiform fauna of the western Atlantic consists of only two species, one each of Fowler's (1941) subgenera, Pristis and Pristiopsis. The former, characterized by the absence of a subcaudal lobe on the caudal fin, is represented by Pristis pectinatus; the latter, in which the subcaudal lobe is present, by Pristis perotteti. Although several features readily separate the two species, they can most easily be distinguished by the more slender rostrum of P. pectinatus and its larger number of rostral teeth, 24 to 32 on each side, as compared with 14 to 20 in …

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Availability Of Trypotophan In Some Feedstuffs For Swine, Pedro H. Rivera L., E. R. Peo, Jr., T. Stahly, B. D. Moser, P. J. Cunningham Jan 1976

Availability Of Trypotophan In Some Feedstuffs For Swine, Pedro H. Rivera L., E. R. Peo, Jr., T. Stahly, B. D. Moser, P. J. Cunningham

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments were conducted to determine the availability of tryptophan (Try) from corn (NC), opaque-2 corn (OC), milo (M) and freeze dried alfalfa (FDA) when fed to swine. The first experiment consisted of a growth trial involving 96 baby pigs and eight treatments. The basal diet containing .06% Try and 24.5% protein was supplemented with .015%, .030% and .045% L-Try. These four diets were used to establish a standard curve for growth. The other treatments were formed by adding the feedstuffs as the source of Try to the basal diet. Availabilities were determined by comparing growth responses. Try availabilities from …

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Some Remarks On The Fecundity Of Tilapia (T. Mossambica Peters) And Its Introduction Into Middle Central America (Nicaragua) Together With A First Contribution Towards The Limnology Of Nicaragua, Dietmar Riedel Jan 1976

Some Remarks On The Fecundity Of Tilapia (T. Mossambica Peters) And Its Introduction Into Middle Central America (Nicaragua) Together With A First Contribution Towards The Limnology Of Nicaragua, Dietmar Riedel

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

a. This paper presents an account of fecundity studies into T. mossambica under Middle Central American conditions and limnological investigations into Lake Moyua/Nicaragua which have been performed during 1961/62.

b. Data obtained as to fecundity of T. mossambica are discussed in the light of the term prolificy and with regard to ecological and biological characteristics of Nicaraguan waters and native fish fauna.

c. A more detailed contemplation about the possible effects of a spread out or transplantation of T. mossambica into other Nicaraguan waters concludes the paper.

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Derivation Of The Freshwater Fish Fauna Of Central America, George S. Myers Jan 1976

Derivation Of The Freshwater Fish Fauna Of Central America, George S. Myers

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The nature, composition, and evolution of Centra) American freshwater fish groups are discussed in relation to the history and derivation of the faunal elements. It is concluded that the entire area between the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and eastern Panama was and always had been devoid of primary (obligatory) freshwater fishes prior to the very late Tertiary. Instead, secondary freshwater fishes evolved in this area during the Neogene and perhaps for a longer period, the Poeciliidae having probably had a longer history within the area than the Cichlidae. In the late Tertiary a very few North American immigrants entered the area …

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Geographic Distribution Of The San Juan Ichthyofauna Of Central America With Remarks On Its Origin And Ecology, William A. Bussing Jan 1976

Geographic Distribution Of The San Juan Ichthyofauna Of Central America With Remarks On Its Origin And Ecology, William A. Bussing

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The scientific study of fishes of the Great Lakes of Nicaragua began in 1864 with the description by Gunther of Heros labiatus (=Cichlasoma labiatum) from Lake Managua. Subsequently, Gunther reported on several other species collected in the Great Lakes by Captain J. M. Dow. Astorqui (1967) reviewed the sparse ichthyological literature dealing with Nicaraguan fishes and pointed out the paucity of recent studies. Since then Villa (1971) has produced a provisional list of the freshwater and brackish water fishes of Nicaragua and Astorqui (1972) has analyzed the ichthyofauna of the Great Lakes Basin. Riedel (1972) discussed the geological …

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Some Speculations About "The Great Nicaraguan Lake", Jaime Villa Jan 1976

Some Speculations About "The Great Nicaraguan Lake", Jaime Villa

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The available evidence indicates that Lakes Managua and Nicaragua were broadly connected in the past, when most of the fish species invaded the "Great Nicaraguan Lake". Due to the lowering of the water level (caused perhaps by tectonic movements and/or erosion produced by the Rio San Juan), Lake Managua became separated from Lake Nicaragua in the Tipitapa area. Water movement from Lake Managua is achieved mostly by seepage through a porous dropoff which prevents the exchange of fishes between the lakes. At about the same time, if not earler, Lake Xilml also became separated. After the more or less permanent …

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Lake Nicaragua Fishery Resources, William D. Davies Jan 1976

Lake Nicaragua Fishery Resources, William D. Davies

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Data collected during this survey indicated that the number of full-time fishermen has not increased appreciably over the past several years. However, it is likely that, if the demand for fish were to increase, a number of the present part-time fishermen would increase their effort to full-time. Indications are strong that the fish catch from this lake could at least be doubled by the existing population of fishermen, using the same gear, if market conditions were such as to encourage greater fishing effort.
The lake's overall fisheries resources are far from being exploited to their maximum, with the possible exception …

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Ontogeny Of Parent-Contacting In Young Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes, George W. Barlow Jan 1976

Ontogeny Of Parent-Contacting In Young Cichlasoma Citrinellum (Pisces, Cichlidae), David L. G. Noakes, George W. Barlow

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

There is an extensive literature on cichlid fish behavior, but most of this treats the behavior of adults (see BREDER & ROSEN, I966, for example). Much of this is based on laboratory observations with little corroborative information from field studies. Recently there has been an increasing trend to study the development of behavior, in cichlids as in other animals. In part this results from the 'nature-nurture' controversy regarding factors control~ ling behavior (e.g. KRUIJT, I964). However, there is also interest in the study of young animals for their own sake (e.g. WARD & BARLOW, I967).
The present study was undertaken …

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Competition Between Color Morphs Of The Midas Cichlid, Cichlasoma Citrinellum, In Lake Jiloá, Nicaragua, Kenneth R. Mckaye, George W. Barlow Jan 1976

Competition Between Color Morphs Of The Midas Cichlid, Cichlasoma Citrinellum, In Lake Jiloá, Nicaragua, Kenneth R. Mckaye, George W. Barlow

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Color polymorphism, or polychromatism, is a recurring phenomenon throughout the animal kingdom. In fishes one form, the goldfish, is particularly notable because of its conspicuousness and its occurrence in nature in such a large number of widely unrelated species; yet it is seldom common in anyone species (Webber et al., 1973). The Midas cichlid, Cichlasoma citrinellum, is unusual in this respect because in many of the lakes where it occurs in Nicaragua brilliantly colored morphs are relatively common. These morphs lack the species-typical dark markings, and individuals vary smoothly from white through yellow, orange, red, and mixtures of …

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The Status Of The Freshwater Shark Of Lake Nicaragua, Thomas B. Thorson, Donald E. Watson, C. Michael Cowan Jan 1976

The Status Of The Freshwater Shark Of Lake Nicaragua, Thomas B. Thorson, Donald E. Watson, C. Michael Cowan

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

Nineteen sharks collected from freshwater at several points on Lake Nicaragua and the Rio San Juan were all of the same species and indistinguishable from marine Carcharhinus leucas of the Atlantic. Minor differences previously thought to separate C. leucas from the lake shark proved to be invalid. Females had slightly longer gill slits, somewhat greater breadth of pelvic fin, and a longer abdominal region than males. Clasper length indicated that the onset of sexual maturity in males occurs when they are between 1,600 and 1,700 mm in total length.
The classical theory or origin of the sharks from Pacific ancestry …

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Comparison Of Some Parameters Of Serum And Uterine Fluid Of Pregnant, Viviparous Sharks (Carcharhinus Leucas) And Serum Of Their Near-Term Young, Thomas B. Thorson, Jeffrey W. Gerst Jan 1976

Comparison Of Some Parameters Of Serum And Uterine Fluid Of Pregnant, Viviparous Sharks (Carcharhinus Leucas) And Serum Of Their Near-Term Young, Thomas B. Thorson, Jeffrey W. Gerst

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

I. In eight females, serum urea concentrations of 134-336 mM/l. were interpreted as indications of previous environmental salinities.
2. Fetal serum solute concentrations usually resembled those of the mother, but in two cases where fetal urea was higher, it was interpreted as a lag in urea reduction following movement from salt to fresh water.
3. Uterine fluid was similar to maternal serum in all parameters except for its very low protein content.
4. No flushing of the uteri with environmental water occurs.
5. Independent osmoregulation apparently does not occur before birth, although required mechanisms may be present.
6. The full …

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The Rectal Gland In Relation To The Osmoregulatory Mechanisms Of Marine And Freshwater Elasmobranchs, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Gian Franco De Stefano, Lorenzo Bolognani, Kurt W. Koenig, Maria Victoria Gervaso, Maria Fausta Omodeo-Salé Jan 1976

The Rectal Gland In Relation To The Osmoregulatory Mechanisms Of Marine And Freshwater Elasmobranchs, Giuseppe Gerzeli, Gian Franco De Stefano, Lorenzo Bolognani, Kurt W. Koenig, Maria Victoria Gervaso, Maria Fausta Omodeo-Salé

Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes

The rectal gland of elasmobranchs secretes large quantities of electrolytes and is of primary importance in the osmoregulatory mechanisms of these animals (Burger and Hess, 1960; Burger, 1962). Analogously, various organs of other vertebrates are also known to be involved in salt secretion (Schmidt-Nielsen, 1965; Bonting, 1970; Bentley, 1971). In general, active ion transport is the basis of this phenomenon; in any case, it requires the presence of structural devices, morphologically and chemically well defined, and of metabolic capabilities which, taken singly, are not specific, but collectively are consistent with active ion transport and salt secretion.

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Macrobenthos Population Changes In Crystal Lake, Arkansas, Subsequent To Cage Culture Fish, James C. Adams, Raj V. Kilambi, William A. Wickizer, Arthur V. Brown Jan 1976

Macrobenthos Population Changes In Crystal Lake, Arkansas, Subsequent To Cage Culture Fish, James C. Adams, Raj V. Kilambi, William A. Wickizer, Arthur V. Brown

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A three-year study was conducted to determine the possible effects of cage culture of fish on the environment of Crystal Lake, Arkansas. The investigation consisted of three periods: pre- (November 1971-October 1972), during- (November 1972-October 1973), and post- (November 1973-October 1974) cage culture. Numbers and biomass of benthos per square meter for pre-, during-, and post-culture periods were 1353 (10.0g), 730 (8.8g), and 1028 (4.1g), respectively. Numerically, Chaoborus sp., Chironomidae, and Oligochaeta comprised more than 97%. Chaoborus was the most numerous organism before fish culture (>68%), but dominance shifted to the Oligochaeta (>58%) after culture.

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Distributional Records Of Amphibians And Reptiles From Coastal Plain Of Arkansas, Edmond J. Bacon Jr., Zane M. Anderson Jan 1976

Distributional Records Of Amphibians And Reptiles From Coastal Plain Of Arkansas, Edmond J. Bacon Jr., Zane M. Anderson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the West Gulf Coastal Plain and Mississippi Alluvial Plain is not well known because extensive collecting has not been done in these areas and data in museums have not been published. New distributional records for three salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus brimleyorum, Manculus quadridigitarus, Plethodon glutinosus glutinosus) , two anurans (Rana areolata circulosa, Scaphiopus holbrooki holbrooki), and one snake (Lampropeltis doliata amaura) are presented. Additional collecting will be necessary to determine the exact range and status of the secretive species.

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Continuation Of Mourning Dove Studies In Clark County, Arkansas, With Emphasis On Cyclical Behavioral Patterns, Thurman Booth, Fred L. Burnside Jr., Jan Burnside, Peggy Rae Dorris Jan 1976

Continuation Of Mourning Dove Studies In Clark County, Arkansas, With Emphasis On Cyclical Behavioral Patterns, Thurman Booth, Fred L. Burnside Jr., Jan Burnside, Peggy Rae Dorris

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

In conjunction with the U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, the Henderson State University Biology Department has continued a study of mourning doves in Clark County, Arkansas, with emphasis on cyclical behavioral patterns. Three hundred forty-three mourning doves were baited, trapped, and banded to obtain information concerning age, sex, populations, retraps, abnormalities, migrations, trap injuries, cyclical behavioral patterns, and other factors.

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Characteristics And Behavior Of Guineafowl And Domesticated Chicken Hybrids, Earl L. Hanebrink Jan 1976

Characteristics And Behavior Of Guineafowl And Domesticated Chicken Hybrids, Earl L. Hanebrink

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The description, behavior, and morphologic measurements are presented for two hybrid crosses of domesticated chicken and guineafowl. The ease at which gallinaceous birds hybridize might warrant a closer look at the classification system. Possibly the number of families in the superfamily Phasianoidea should be reduced as some other researchers suggest.

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Physiologic And Embryologic Studies Of The Yellow (Ay/A) Mouse, Gerald R. Cizadlo Jan 1976

Physiologic And Embryologic Studies Of The Yellow (Ay/A) Mouse, Gerald R. Cizadlo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mice heterozygous for the dominant AY gene have a yellow coat plus an altered metabolism which results in diverse physiologic characteristics including a greatly increased amount of carcass fat, a longer body and tail length, slightly more muscle mass, increased feed efficiency, increased susceptibility to spontaneous and induced tumor growth, and reproductive inefficiency in females. Homozygous AY animals die in utero. The mutation produces a lesion which is potentially valuable as an investigative· tool for the study of physiologic mechanisms and relationships of diverse metabolic pathways. Several experiments were performed to gain information concerning the AY effect. Rate of oxygen …

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Mathematical Models Of Postweaning Growth, Feed Intake And Carcass Composition Of Beef Cattle, Hoon Song Jan 1976

Mathematical Models Of Postweaning Growth, Feed Intake And Carcass Composition Of Beef Cattle, Hoon Song

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A computer model was developed to evaluate the energetic efficiency of postweaning beef production of various biological types of cattle fed rations with different energy densities. In Section I, a mathematical model was developed to estimate voluntary feed intake for growing cattle from weaning to slaughter. The mathematical model included effects of differences in energy density and crude fiber content of the ration and in breed and degree of maturity of cattle on feed intake. When gastrointestinal tract distension controlled feed consumption, the primary factors determining feed intake were (1) rate of excretion of digesta, (2) rate of digestion, (3) …

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Scanning Electron Microscopy Of The Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri Richardson) Spermatozoon, James H. Fribourgh, Bernard L. Soloff Jan 1976

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of The Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri Richardson) Spermatozoon, James H. Fribourgh, Bernard L. Soloff

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The scanning electron microscope was used to determine the morphology of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) spermatozoon. The spermatozoon is approximately 32 μm long and consists of a head, mitochondrial collar, and flagellum. The head is elongated and somewhat flattened. It has an antero posterior length of 3.1 μm and a maximum diameter of 1.6 to 2.2 μm. Mean antero-posterior length of the mitochondrial collar is 0.8 μm The collar encircles the flagellum but is separated from it. The flagellum ranges in length from 26 to31 μm and is divided into a principal piece and end piece. Cytoplasmic vesicles …

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Breeding Birds And Vegetation Of The Central Illinois Floodplain Forest, Daniel Edward Varland Jan 1976

Breeding Birds And Vegetation Of The Central Illinois Floodplain Forest, Daniel Edward Varland

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

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A Comparison Of Age And Growth Of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides) In Two Ponds In East-Central Illinois, Mark Fevold Nelson Jan 1976

A Comparison Of Age And Growth Of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides) In Two Ponds In East-Central Illinois, Mark Fevold Nelson

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

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The Arthropod Ectosymbionts Of The Fox Squirrel In Coles County, Illinois, Jeanine L. Stanis Jan 1976

The Arthropod Ectosymbionts Of The Fox Squirrel In Coles County, Illinois, Jeanine L. Stanis

Masters Theses

The body surface areas of 18 squirrels (Sciurus niger) were calculated by regions, and the numbers and densities of the ectoparasite populations present on each region determined. Four species representing four genera of arthropods were recovered. The louse, Neohaematopinus antennatus was the most abundant organism with Orchopeas howardii, Haemagamasus reidi, and Dermacentor variabilis being also present. The average population density of all parasite species combined was highest on the back and decreased on the belly, tail, legs, and the head respectively. Body regions showing greatest average total population densities were different for males and females. The …

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