Digital Commons Network^™

U.S./Japanese Fishery Relations: Reflections On The Past And The Unsettled Future, Matthew Axel

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

U.S.-Japan fisheries history spans over a half-century of controversy. A variety of developments have taken place over this period from past to present illustrating this point. This paper will present this subject in three parts, corresponding to the historical developments that have taken place. The saga begins with U.S. post-World War II aid in rebuilding the Japanese tuna, whaling and salmon fleets. Round two examines the rapid expansion of the Japanese utilization of Alaska pollock and the development of the surimi trawlers in the early 1960s. Finally, round three, which will encompass the majority of the subject matter discussed, begins …

Cooperatives: Their Effectiveness And Limitations For Small-Scale Fisheries Development, Hiroaki Yonesaka

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Increased experience in fisheries cooperatives of developing countries has called into question a long-held presumption about their desirability and feasibility. In this context, this study attempts to reformulate the cooperative approach for small-scale fisheries in a realistic policy framework. First, past failures of fisheries cooperatives are analyzed from three different angles: the uniqueness of the fishing industry, systems intrinsic to the cooperative, and development policy. Second, various possibilities of building viable cooperatives are explored by introducing two key concnpets: the strategic option and the operational option. On the one hand, the strategic option implies that it is imperative to integrate …

The New England Fishing Industry: A Case For Altering Conditions Of Competition In Both The Fishery And In The Market, William Joseph Brennan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The New England fishing industry is presented in detail including an historical review, a discussion of current difficulties, and an examination of the public policy dilemma between resource conservation and industry promotion. Continuing efforts to revitalize the United States fishing industry are discussed and underlying problems that have had a negative impact upon the New England industry are outlined. Finally, an alternative public policy approach is developed which addresses fundamental difficulties in the new England region. This approach calls for an elimination of federal financial assistance to the fishing industry and a reduction in the amount of fishery imports reaching …

Biology Of The Antarctic Krill (Euphausia Superba) And Fisheries Management Under The Convention On The Conservation Of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Randa Ali Mansour

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Interest in the development of a commercial fishery for Antarctic krill, the lack of a legal regime to govern and promote rational exploitation of Antarctic living resources, and a desire to avoid future conflicts between claimants and non-claimants regarding the control of an Antarctic marine fishery, as well as the desire to set a precedent for management and exploitation of non-living resources were incentives for the negotiation of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Furthermore, the Antarctic Treaty Consultative parties wished to maintain and solidify their control and enhance their collective legitimacy in the Antarctic …

Interstate Fisheries Management Problems: The Case Of Striped Bass, Richard Randall Schneider

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The striped bass (Morone saxatilis), or rockfish, fishery has been important both commercially and recreationally for decades along the Atlantic seaboard. In recent years, though, the fishery has undergone a serious decline and, as a result, has elicited considerable public concern. Although specific reasons for the decline have not been pinpointed, it is clear that inconsistent management practices within the range of striped bass have done little to help the fishery's condition. An anadromous species, striped bass spawn in the fresh water reaches of estuaries, after which many of the individuals return to the coastal ocean. In the Atlantic, the …

Breeding Cattle For Genetic Resistance To Disease, Roger T. Stone, Larry V. Cundiff

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

For many hundreds of years cattle with the greatest resistance to disease have probably survived to leave more offspring in succeeding generations than those less resistant to disease. Resistance to disease also may have increased indirectly through a favorable association with other characteristics, such as growth rate or milk yield, which have received major emphasis in genetic improvement programs in cattle. However, except for some selection against mastitis in dairy cattle, genetic resistance to disease has not received direct emphasis in genetic improvement programs. Greater understanding of biological mechanisms involved in disease resistance could lead to more effective selection of …

Energy Requirements For Maintenance Of Beef Cattle Differing In Genetic Potential For Mature Size And Milk Production, Thomas G. Jenkins, Calvin L. Ferrell

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Relative differences in expected performance for breed crosses of cattle are provided elsewhere in this report; see "Characterization of Breeds Representing Diverse Biological Types." This information may be utilized by beef cattle producers to identify breed types for possible use in their beef cattle enterprises. In conjunction with information descriptive of production characteristics, variation in energy requirements among the breed types needs to be considered. Using general relationships between production potential and energy requirements, producers may identify the beef cattle breeds that would perform optimally in their respective production environments.

Energy (either harvested by the animal or provided via supplementation) …

Germ Plasm Utilization In Beef Cattle, Keith E. Gregory, Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch, Donald D. Lunstra, W. Gordon Hays

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Heterosis achieved through well-organized crossbreeding systems can be used to increase weight of calf weaned per cow exposed to breeding by more than 20 percent. Comprehensive programs of breed characterization have revealed large differences among breeds for most biological traits of economic importance. Because of the high percentage of beef cattle in the U.S. and globally that are in herds too small to use well organized crossbreeding systems on a self-contained basis, and because of the wide fluctuation in breed composition between generations in rotational crossbreeding systems, there is need for experimental evaluation of the potential of composite populations as …

Twinning In Cattle, Sherrill E. Echternkamp, Keith E. Gregory, W. Gordon Hays, Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

The economic benefits of increasing reproductive rate indicate a need to determine the feasibility of increasing the frequency of twinning in cattle, either by selection or by an artificial method. Rate of reproduction has a major impact on life cycle costs of production for different meat animal species and, thus, upon the production resources for which different species are competitive. For example, the average beef cow is capable of producing about .7 of her body weight per year in progeny market weight, but the comparable multiple is 8 in pigs and more than 70 in meat chickens. The objectives of …

Beef Research Program Progress Report No. 2 (1985): Table Of Contents

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

ROMAN L. HRUSKA U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER, Robert R. Oltjen ... iv

General Interest

Cattle Management at U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Margaret S. McAlhany, W. Gordon Hays, and William G. Kvasnicka ... 1

Genetics and Breeding

Genetic Relationships Among Carcass Traits and Their Implications in Selection Programs: Robert M. Koch, Keith E. Gregory, and Larry V. Cundiff ... 3

Length of Feeding Interval Influences Accuracy of Selection for Growth: Robert M. Koch, Larry V. Cundiff, and Keith E. Gregory ... 5

Characterization of Breeds Representing Diverse Biological Types: Reproduction and Maternal Performance of F₁ Cows: Larry V. …

Salmonid Whirling Disease, Ken Wolf, Maria E. Markiw

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Salmonid whirling disease-sometimes referred to as "blacktail" -is a chronic, noncontagious parasitic infection of trout and, to a lesser extent, other members of the family Salmonidae. The parasite has specific tropism for cartilage. If the infection is heavy and the fish is young, mortality sometimes results. More commonly, the parasitosis evokes abnormal swimming behavior and the transient melanism of the caudal fin and peduncle that is the blacktail sign (Fig. 1).

When the parasite is given sufficient time for development and the infection is sufficiently intense, the head and axial skeleton become disfigured in some vIictims (Fig. 2). However, the …

Effects Of Temperature And Crowding On The Pathogenicity Of Edwardsiella Ictaluri In Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus), Sharon L. Johnson, Lawrence W. Hinck

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Channel catfish were injected with Edwardsiella ictaluri and stocked at increasing temperatures and densities. Bacteriological examination of kidney, liver and spleen revealed the greatest numbers of organisms in fish from the highest temperature and stocking density tested. Survival time was the shortest for fish held at the highest temperature and stocking density. Increased temperature and crowding were directly proportional to the number of organisms recovered from the organs and inversely proportional to fish survival time.

Animal Pain, Bernard E. Rollin

Experimentation Collection

Some time ago, I received a telephone call from an eminent primatologist asking me to give the keynote address at a scientific seminar on animal pain. My first response was to express surprise that they were inviting a philosopher. His reply was remarkable, if only for its rarity among scientists: "The truly interesting and important issues concerning pain in animals are not scientific ones," he said. "They are moral, philosophical, and conceptual ones. And the total failure of science to engage or even acknowledge these issues discredits biomedical science and weakens its conceptual base." I hope to show you that …

Recognition And Alleviation Of Pain In Animals, P. A. Flecknell

Animal Welfare Collection

The pain and distress which animals experience as a consequence of their use by man figures prominently in discussions of animal welfare. Some improvements have been made in animal housing and husbandry practices and it is likely that further progress will be made in this field. In comparison, relatively little attention has been given to the problem of minimizing the pain and distress caused to animals by the various procedures to which they are subjected. The most publicized of these are the wide range of experimental techniques which are undertaken using laboratory animals, but also includes procedures such as castration …

Applications Of Laboratory Technology In The Evaluation Of The Risk Of Rabies Transmissions By Biting Dogs And Cats, Donald C. Blenden, Manuel J. Torres-Anjel, F. T. Satalowich

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

While rabies is not a common disease in domestic animal species of the United States, potential exposures to rabies in the form of bites are very common and increasing. A nationwide study conducted among general hospitals shows that 1 percent of emergency room visits are for animal bites, of which 80-90 percent are inflicted by the dog (Callaham 1980). This figure is conservative, as the study did not include pediatric hospitals, the bite of victims that progress only to a physician's office, or those that receive no medical care at all. In Missouri alone, this study would infer about 1500 …

Advances In Animal Welfare Science 1985/86, M. W. Fox (Ed.), A. N. Rowan (Ed.)

eBooks

This second volume of papers dealing with scientific and ethical aspects of animal welfare covers a variety of topics and areas of investigation. It will be of particular interest to those readers seeking more insight into such subjects as farm animal welfare and humane husbandry systems; animal experimentation, especially in the field of psychology; and pain in animals, notably its recognition and alleviation.

Edwardsiella Infections Of Fishes, G. L. Bullock, Roger L. Herman

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The genus Edwardsiella was suggested by Ewing et al. (1965) to encompass a group of enteric bacteria generally described under vernacular names such as paracolon. The type species is E. tarda, which is an opportunistic pathogen of many animals. Meyer and Bullock (1973) reported E. tarda as a pathogen of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and named the disease emphysematous putrefactive disease of catfish. However, the organism described by Hoshina (1962) as the fish pathogen Paracolobactrum anguillimortiferum is now recognized as being E. tarda (Wakabayashi and Egusa 1973). Hawke (1979) isolated several strains of a bacterium closely resembling …

Fisheries Report No 69 - The Western Rock Lobster Fishery 1979 - 1980, R. S. Brown, E. H. Barker

Fisheries Research Reports

The fishery for the western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus one of the most important single fisheries in Australia and an important export earner for the State. Western Australia produced 10 724 tons in 1979/80, out of a total Australian catch of rock lobster of 14 739 tons. The fishery is governed by a complex set of regulations which have been reviewed by Bowen (1971) and Hancock (1981) and which are designed to limit the total fishing effort to acceptable levels and to enforce a legal minimum size. It is thus important to constantly monitor the state of the fishery both …

Fisheries Report No 72 - The Western Rock Lobster Fishery 1980 - 1981, R. S. Brown, E. H. Barker

Fisheries Research Reports

The fishery for the western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus is one of the most important single fisheries in Australia and an important export earner for the State. Western Australia produced 9 957 tonnes in 1980/81, out of a total Australian catch of rock lobster of 15 565 tonnes. The fishery is governed by a complex set of regulations which have been reviewed by Bowen (1971) and Hancock (1981) and which are designed to limit the total fishing effort to acceptable levels and to enforce a legal minimum size. It is thus important to constantly monitor the state of the fishery …

Fisheries Report No 70 - The Western Rock Lobster Fishery 1982 - 1983, R. S. Brown, E. H. Barker

Fisheries Research Reports

The fishery for the western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus is one of the most important single fisheries in Australia and an important export earner for the State. Western Australia produced a record 12 416 tons in 1982/83, out of a total Australian rock lobster catch of 18 192 tons. The fishery is governed by a complex set of regulations which have been reviewed by Bowen (1971) and Hancock (1981) and which are designed to limit the total fishing effort to acceptable levels and to enforce a legal minimum size. It is thus important to constantly monitor the state of the …

Fisheries Report No 68 - The Commercial Fishery For Barramundi (Lates Calcarifer) In Western Australia, Dr N. Morrissy

Fisheries Research Reports

Commercial catch and effort data from the Western Australian fishery for barramundi, Lates calcarifer, over eight years to 1982-83 were analysed. Major stocks and areas of this fishery are Cambridge Gulf (Ord River, port of Wyndham), Kimberley coast, King Sound and Broome coast (Fitzroy River, ports of Derby and Broome), and Pilbara coast (ports of Port Hedland, Roebourne and Onslow) where the Ashburton River is the southern limit to the distribution of barramundi on the west coast. As elsewhere, barramundi stocks are associated with river systems. The Low annual catch of about 30 tonnes appears to be due to the …

Weather And Climate Impacts On Beef Cattle, G. Leroy Hahn

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

The pervasive nature of weather and climate and the difficulties in adequately predicting their impact on beef cattle often lead to inadequate management strategies and tactics, resulting in a situation of coping as the need arises. This can lead to "management by crises" rather than rational decisions. The objective of this report is to summarize some of the known responses of cattle to their thermal environment and to address ways by which adverse impacts can be reduced. The discussion is based on results from U.S. Meat Animal Research Center and other research stations.

General observations: Domestic cattle fall into …

Consumption Of Aquatic Plants By The West Indian Manatee, Kay Etheridge, G. B. Rathbun, J. A. Powell, H. I. Kochman

Biology Faculty Publications

Because manatees (Trichechus manatus) are large aquatic herbivores they have often been considered as potential control agents for aquatic plants. Several problems are associated with this concept, and a major one has been the gap in knowledge concerning food consumption rates of manatees. We estimated food consumption by measuring chews per unit time, chews per amount of food consumed, and time spent chewing food. Data were collected on captive manatees of various sizes and used to construct regression equations that predict consumption rates based on body size. Time budget data were obtained by radiotelemetry of free-ranging animals. Estimates of …

Characterization Of Breeds Representing Diverse Biological Types: Reproduction And Maternal Performance Of F1 Cows, Larry V. Cundiff, Keith E. Gregory, Robert M. Koch

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

It is estimated that today about 70 percent of the calves narketed from beef cattle herds in the U.S. are crossbred and hat between 50 and 60 percent of the cows are crossbred. This represents a major shift to crossbreeding from the straight-breeding programs which prevailed in the 1950's and early 1960's. This trend has been influenced by research demonstrating the favorable effects of heterosis and other advantages of crossbreeding. Also, increased use of feed grains in growing-finishing diets caused fatter carcasses contributing to increased consumer demand for leaner beef, which stimulated interest in breeds with greater potential for lean …

Gametogenesis En Chthonerpeton Indistinctum (Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae), Rafael O. De Sá, Nibia Berois

Biology Faculty Publications

RESUMEN:

Histológicamente, las gónadas de Chthonerpeton indistinctum son similares a las ya descritas para otras especies del orden Gymnophiona. Los lóbulos testiculares se hallan compartimentados en unidades estructurales denominadas lóculos. La espermatogénesis ocurre en cistos sincrónicos de células germinales. Durante la espermiogénesis se identifican cuatro estados consecutivos de desarrollo: 1) cistos de espermátidas redondeadas; 2) cistos de espermátidas arrifionadas; 3) cistos de espermátidas bastoniformes y 4) espermátidas en ramillete.

El análisis histológico de los ovarios mostró la presencia de tres estados en la maduración de los folículos ováricos. Estas etapas pueden ser identificadas de acuerdo a: 1) ubicación del folículo …

Community Ecology, Robert K. Rose, Elmer C. Birney

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

COMMUNITIES with Microtus tend to be structurally simple, usually grasslands or tundra, and to have no more than two species of Microtus and rarely more than six species of small mammals. Microtus often dominates both numerically and in total small mammal biomass, especially at higher latitudes. The small mammal community is most influenced by Microtus through its fluctuations in density, and thus also in biomass, by its relatively high level of diurnal activity, and by its year-round activity. Other species of small mammals may be adversely affected because Microtus usually is larger and behaviorally dominant and also because the mere …

Ua37/30/2 Wku Research Notecards - D Topics, Lowell Harrison

Faculty/Staff Personal Papers

Notecards created by Lowell Harrison while researching his book Western Kentucky University. The cards transcribed below are for 139 topics beginning with D ranging from Dad's Day to Duplication.

Trends In Genetic And Phenotypic Variances For Milk Production, S. L. Mirande, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Residual standard deviations estimated separately for each year of first freshening from first lactation milk records of artificially sired Holstein cows increased from 1960 to 1982, especially after 1976. The pattern on the square root scale was similar. On the logarithmic scale, residual standard deviations were smallest in the middle of the time period. Heritabilities estimated from paternal half-sib correlations were greater than .30 on all scales until about 1976 when estimates began to go below .20. Estimates were similar for untransformed and transformed records. When records were divided into four herd production groups within each year, the same patterns …

The Nutritional Value Of Normal And High Lysine Corns For Weanling And Growing-Finishing Swine When Fed At Four Lysine Levels, G. L. Asche, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr., J. D. Crenshaw

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

One-hundred-ninety-two weanling pigs from two separate trials, (initial weight 6.0 and 5.6 kg) and 400 growing-finishing pigs (initial weight 17 kg) were fed normal and high lysine corn diets containing four levels of lysine in a 2 • 4 factorial arrangement. Crossbred (Large White • Landrace x Duroc) pigs were used in all experiments. The objectives of the experiments were to (1) compare normal and high lysine corn when fed at different lysine levels, (2) determine the lysine requirements for the three stages of growth and (3) evaluate the effect of protein level on the lysine requirement. All diets were …

Heritability Estimates And Adjustment Factors For Yearling Testicular Size In Different Breeds Of Beef Bulls, Donald D. Lunstra, Keith E. Gregory, Larry V. Cundiff

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Little information is available on breed differences and variation in testicular development of young beef bulls. Larger testis size in young bulls is favorably correlated with sperm output, age at puberty, mature testicular size, and pregnancy rate. If testicular size is to be considered in selection programs for young sires, the breed differences, heritabilities, and relationships of testicular measurements to age and body weight must be established for young beef bulls.

The objectives of this study were to measure and define breed differences and variations in testicular size of yearling beef bulls, determine the heritability of yearling testicular size, and …