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Evaluation Of Commercial Adjuncts For Use In Cheese Ripening: 3. Properties Of Heat-Shocked Adjuncts In Buffer And Cheese Slurry Systems, M. El-Soda, S. A. Madkor, P. S. Tong

Dairy Science

No abstract provided.

Modeling The Msx Parasite In Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Populations. Iii. Regional Application And The Problem Of Transmission, Eric N. Powell, John M. Klinck, Susan E. Ford, Eileen E. Hofmann, Stephen J. Jordon

CCPO Publications

A model of transmission for Haplosporidium nelsoni, the disease agent for MSX disease, is developed and applied to sites in Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay. The environmental factors that force the oyster population- H. nelsoni model are salinity, temperature, food, and total suspended solids. The simulated development of MSX disease was verified using 3 time series of disease prevalence and intensity: 1960 to 1970 and 1980 to 1990 for Delaware Bay, and 1980 to 1994 for Chesapeake Bay, and for a series of sites covering the salinity gradient in each bay. Additional simulations consider the implications of assumptions made …

Modeling The Msx Parasite In Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Populations. Ii. Salinity Effects, Michelle C. Paraso, Susan E. Ford, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hofmann, John M. Klinck

CCPO Publications

An oyster population model coupled with a model for Haplosporidium nelsoni, the causative agent of the oyster disease MSX, was used with salinity time-series constructed from Delaware River flow measurements to study environmentally-induced variations in the annual cycle of this disease in Delaware Bay oyster populations. Model simulations for the lower Bay (high salinity) sire reproduced the annual cycle observed in lower Delaware Bay. Simulations at both upper Bay (low salinity) and lower Bay sites produced prevalences and intensities that were consistent with field observations. At all sites, low freshwater discharge resulted in increased disease levels, whereas high freshwater …

Modeling The Msx Parasite In Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Populations. I. Model Development, Implementation, And Verification, Susan Ford, Eric Powell, John Klinck, Eileen Hofmann

CCPO Publications

A mathematical model simulating the host-parasite-environmental interactions of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and the pathogen, Haplosporidium nelsoni, which causes MSX disease, has been developed. The model has 2 components. One replicates the infection process within the oyster and the other simulates transmission. The infection-development component relies on basic physiological processes of both host and parasite, modified by the environment, to reproduce the observed annual prevalence cycle of H. nelsoni. Equations describing these rates were constructed using data from long-term field observations, and field and laboratory experiments. In the model, salinity and temperature have direct effects upon …

Infectious Necrotizing Enteritis And Mortality Caused By Vibrio Carachariae In Summer Flounder Paralichthys Dentatus During Intensive Culture, Bruno Soffientino, Todd Gwaltney, David R. Nelson, Jennifer L. Specker, Michael Mauel, Marta Gomez-Chiarri

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

An epizootic causing mortality among cultured summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus occurred in summer of 1998 at a land-based facility on Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. The disease, flounder infectious necrotizing enteritis (FINE), was characterized by reddening around the anal area, distended abdomens filled with opaque serosanguineous fluid, enteritis and necrosis of the posterior intestine. In extreme cases of the disease, the posterior intestine was detached from the anus and was observed coming out the vent. The intestine of individuals that recovered from the dsease ended in a blind-sac; the abdomens of these fish were distended, due to food and water …

Population Dynamics Of The Southern Brown Bandicoot (Isoodon Obesulus) On Ellen Brook Reserve, Craig Pentland

Theses : Honours

The small, enclosed section of Ellen Brook Reserve provided the unique opportunity to observe a population of southern-brown bandicoots (lsoodon obesulus) in the absence of exotic predators. The reserves small-enclosed size enabled it possible to trap the whole area (excluding the ephemeral swamps) and so emigration and immigration could be excluded. This enabled good population size estimates, and inferences on the loss of individuals due to mortality could be more strongly argued for. An understanding of the population structure, dynamics, size and density, and body condition of I. obesulus in Ellen Brook Reserve, will provide important information, for …

Growth And Yield-Per-Recruit Modeling Of Spot (Leiostomus Xanthurus) In The Chesapeake Bay, And A Comparison Of Biological Reference Points, Kevin Ray Piner

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Spot were sampled from the Chesapeake Bay commercial fishery from 1993–1995 to determine if spot are overfished. Transversely sectioned otoliths were determined to be the most appropriate structure for ageing spot. It was determined that spot have a high natural mortality rate (M = 0.9) and fast growth (K = 0.6). This combination of M and K makes spot relatively impervious to growth overfishing as determined by yield-per-recruit modeling. Because spot are nearly impervious to growth overfishing, management thresholds based on yield-per-recruit modeling may be inappropriate. In addition, the combination of high M and fast K makes it possible to …

Survey Of Medium And Large Mammals In An Urban Park (Murray Park), Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas, Josie H. Dickins, David W. Clark, Steffany C. White, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Because of increased environmental awareness by city planning commissions, there are more urban parks and greenbelt areas. These areas often result in increased human and wildlife contacts, thus resulting in the need for management plans regarding urban wildlife. From September 1998 to March 1999, we conducted mammal surveys of the urban greenspace Murray Park, Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas. Surveys were conducted using five methods: direct observations; spot lighting; live trapping; animal sign; and scent posts. Species recorded included, opossum (Didelphis virginiana), nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), beaver (Castor canadensis), woodchuck (Marmota monax), …

Effects Of Predation On Two Species Of Stream-Dwelling Crayfish (Orconectes Marchandi And Cambarus Hubbsi) In Pool And Riffle Microhabitats, Heidi Dukat, Daniel D. Magoulick

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Community structure may be governed by many abiotic and biotic factors. Of the biotic factors, predation is often considered to be critical in structuring freshwater stream communities. In the Warm Fork of the Spring River, the crayfish Cambarus hubbsi is found mainly in riffles, whereas the crayfish Orconectes marchandi is found in high numbers in pools. We hypothesized that predation, mainly by fish, is a factor causing this segregation. Higher predation rates for C. hubbsi than 0. marchandi in the pools and higher predation rates for 0. marchandi than C. hubbsi in the riffles were expected. A transplant tethering experiment …

Survey Of Diseases In Wild Turkeys In Arkansas, Wayne E. Thogmartin, James E. Johnson, Bradley A. Schaeffer, Camille C. Ciriano

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Nineteen dead wild turkeys were necropsied and 573 live wild turkeys were physically examined for pathological agents in Arkansas between 1992 and 1997 to determine the proximate role disease may play in declining wild populations in Arkansas. Necropsy of the dead wild turkeys identified avian pox and histomoniasis as the most common diseases (16% and 11% of necropsies, respectively). Avian pox was recorded from three major physiographic regions in the state (Ozark Highlands, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain). One hen died of non-accidental crop impaction, the fifth occurrence observed in the southeastern United States. Another hen died after developing severe, …

Post-Metomorphic Growth And Reproduction In The Eastern Narrowmouth Toad (Gastrophryne Carolinensis) From Northeastern Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, Walter E. Meshaka Jr., Robert L. Cox Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Post-metamorphic growth and the reproductive cycle of the eastern narrowmouth toad (Gastrophryne carolinensis) were studied from 204 individuals collected during the April August 1989 activity season in a two-county area of northeastern Arkansas near the northwestern edge of the species' geographic range. Late summer metamorphs require a full growing season before they can reproduce as they approach their second year of life. The oldest individuals may be at least five years old. By late April, gonadal cycles of adults had commenced; the males were producing sperm, and some of the females were gravid. Fertility of both sexes increased during the …

Recent Documentation Of Mountain Lion (Puma Concolor) In Arkansas, Theo Witsell, Gary A. Heidt, Parker L. Dozhier, Tom Frothingham, Mark Lynn

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

A Spatial And Temporal Analysis Of Riparian Vegetation Along Satus Creek On The Yakama Indian Reservation, Kathryn Gellenbeck

All Master's Theses

Satus Creek provides critical habitat for the Yakima River Basin steelhead. A diverse community of riparian vegetation is important for healthy fish habitat; vegetation changes can affect shade, cover, channel structure, water quality, and food availability. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and illustrate riparian vegetation change, both temporally and spatially, along three separate reaches of Satus Creek. A Geographic Information Systems approach was applied to assess the vegetation change by comparing plant species composition and density on 1949 and 1995 aerial photographs. The GIS approach allowed patterns and trends in the vegetation to be identified. In less …

Myofibrillar Protein Composition Of Regenerating And Pristine Claw Closer Muscles Of The Yabby, Cherax Albidis, Lanelle Cutler

Theses : Honours

Yabbies have the ability to regenerate lost limbs. Loss of a limb results in the growth of a limb bud. Development of this new limb involves many developing stages until the new limb becomes morphologically and physiologically virtually indistinguishable from its predecessor. In the yabby, the claw becomes functional after the first moult when the dactyl becomes moveable. However, the muscle fibres are able to develop force and appear to be functioning before the dactyl becomes moveable and the claw is operational (West et al., 1995). This study aimed to document morphological stages of claw regeneration and determine sequence and …

Therapeutical Assessment Of The Spigelia Anthelmia To Fight "Endoparasites" In Creole Ovine, German Gonzalo Reinoso Munoz

Theses and Dissertations

This investigation was accomplished in the Experimental Station Tunshi Productive Unit Sheep Goat, located to an altitude of 2747 m.s.n.m. and with an average temperature of 13.1°C, it located to 8 kilometers of Riobamba route to Licto and in the Laboratory of Microbiology of the Cattle Sciences Faculty of the Espoch, during 120 days (November of 1998 to February of 1999). The principal objective was that of to evaluate the effect terapeutics of the plant Spigelia anthelmia against parasitesinternal in lambs, for something which is 20 lambs native males with ages that fluctuated of 6 to 9 months, these animals …

Department Of Fisheries Annual Report 1998/99, Department Of Fisheries, Western Australia

Department of Fisheries Annual Reports

In accordance with Section 62 of the Financial Administration and Audit Act 1985, I submit for your information and presentation to Parliament the Annual Report of the Fisheries Department for the financial year ending 30 June 1999.

The Annual Report of Fisheries WA has been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Financial and Administration and Audit Act 1985 and Secon 263 of the Fish Resouces Management Act 1994.

Alpha Status, Dominance, And Division Of Labor In Wolf Packs, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The prevailing view of a wolf (Canis lupus) pack is that of a group of individuals ever vying for dominance but held in check by the “alpha” pair, the alpha male and alpha female. Most research on the social dynamics of wolf packs, however, has been conducted on non-natural assortments of captive wolves. Here I describe the wolf-pack social order as it occurs in nature, discuss the alpha concept and social dominance and submission, and present data on the precise relationships among members in free-living packs, based on a literature review and 13 summers of observations of wolves …

Twenty-Year Home-Range Dynamics Of A White-Tailed Deer Matriline, Michael E. Nelson, L. D. Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

We examined the seasonal migration and home-range dynamics of a multigeneration white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) matriline comprising six females from four generations spanning a 20-year period in northeastern Minnesota. All, from the matriarch to her great-granddaughter, migrated to the same summer and winter ranges, the longest individual record being 14.5 years. Three maternal females concurrently occupied exclusive fawning sites within their ancestral matriarch’s summer range, while two nonmaternal females explored new areas and ranged near their mothers. One great-granddaughter expanded her summer range 1 km beyond the matriarch’s summer range while essentially vacating half of her ancestors’ range …

The Effect Of Proximity On Landmark Use In Clark’S Nutcrackers, Kristy L. Gould-Beierle, Alan Kamil

Avian Cognition Papers

Clark’s nutcrackers, Nucifraga columbiana, store thousands of pine seeds during the autumn and retrieve them throughout the winter. It has been shown that these birds are able to use visual cues to relocate hidden food in the laboratory. In this set of experiments, we trained three groups of Clark’s nutcrackers to find a hidden food goal that was placed in the same spatial location relative to the testing room. During training, the location of two local cues in relation to the goal differed between the three groups. Group 1 learned the task with the cues closest to the goal, group …

Patterns Of Movement And Orientation During Caching And Recovery By Clark’S Nutcrackers, Nucifraga Columbiana, Alan Kamil, Russell P. Balda, Sally Good

Avian Cognition Papers

Clark’s nutcrackers regularly store large numbers of pine seeds and remember the locations of the cached seeds. Although they are very accurate, they do make some errors during recovery. In an attempt to determine whether any behaviours during caching predicted the occurrence of errors during recovery, we videotaped Clark’s nutcrackers while they cached and recovered seeds under laboratory conditions. We used the videotapes to develop complete, quantitative descriptions of caching and recovery behaviour, with an emphasis on body orientation and directions of movement. During caching, the birds showed the greatest change in their orientation and direction following cache creation. During …

How Do They, Indeed? A Reply To Biegler Et Al., Alan Kamil, Juli E. Jones

Avian Cognition Papers

We trained Clark’s nutcrackers, Nucifraga columbiana, to search halfway between two landmarks while varying the distance between the landmarks (Kamil & Jones 1997). We found that the birds learned the problem readily and generalized to novel interlandmark distances within the range of distances used during training. Unlike some other studies in which responses to proportional distance were obtained (e.g. O’Keefe & Burgess 1996; Tommasi et al. 1997), the nutcrackers showed very precise search and maintained this precision during the transfer test. The distributions of digging locations around the central position were concentrated within ±1–2 cm of the central location …

Experimental Infections Of Muskoxen (Ovibos Moschatus) And Domestic Sheep With Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae): Parasite Development, Population Structure, And Pathology, Susan J. Kutz, Eric P. Hoberg, Lydden Polley

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Three captive muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) were successfully infected with third-stage larvae of Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis digested or emerged from the slugs Deroceras reticulatum and D. laeve, for the first time completing the life cycle of this parasite under experimental conditions. The course of parasite development and patency was followed for 26 months post infection (p.i.) using fecal examinations and radiography. The prepatent periods in two of the muskoxen were 91 and 95 days and the patent period in one extended for 23 months. Larval production peaked 13–14 months p.i. On postmortem of two of the muskoxen at months …

Seasonal Investigation Of Native Fishes And Their Habitats In Missouri River And Yellowstone River Backwaters, Shannon J. Fisher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Interactions between the Missouri River and its floodplain have been severely degraded due to channelization and impoundment. Ecologists have assumed that backwaters are a critical habitat component for certain life stages of native fishes; however, documented relationships are limited. During this study, I monitored fishes, invertebrates, and habitats to help determine the importance of backwaters to native fishes of various life stages, and to assess the changes that occur in habitat characteristics and invertebrate densities during periods with differential connectivity. Seven assemblages of fishes, identified with catch-per-unit-effort data, had at least some relationship with the backwaters. The assemblages included two …

The Chondrocranium Of The Mexican Burrowing Toad, Rhinophrynus Dorsalis, Charles C. Swart, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

The chondrocranium of Rhinophrynus dorsalis is described and illustrated. Autapomorphies of R. dorsalis are the presence of the symplectic cartilage and a cartilaginous process on the ascending process of the palatoquadrate. Synapomorphies of Rhinophrynus shared with the Pipidae are: (1) early formation of the lower jaw and (2) presence of a suprarostral plate. Alternative developmental pathways for the formation of the suprarostral plate are considered. Histological data indicates that the suprarostral plate forms from: (1) the early fusion of the cornua trabeculae with the suprarostral cartilages, (2) an anterior growth of the ethmold plate, and (3) subsequent fusion …

Unidad De Los Anfibios Modernos Como Grupo Natural, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

RESUMEN

La monofilia de la infraclase Lissamphibia ha sido cuestionada. Algunos autores sugieren un origen independiente del Orden Gymnophiona basados en la condición compacta (= estegocrotafía) del cráneo de la cecilias. La presente revisión indica la irrelevancia del estegocrotafismo para establecer las relaciones filogenéticas del grupo. Los datos disponibles sugieren: 1) el estegocrotafismo es secundariamente derivado en cecilias, y 2) Lissamphibia representa un grupo monofilético.

SUMMARY

Unity of modern Amphibians as a natural group

The monophyly of Lissamphibia has been previously questioned. Some authors suggested an independent origin of Gymnophiona based on the solid condition (= stegokrotaphy) of the caecilian …

Fauna Of The Subfamily Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) Of Azerbaijan With New Records, Azer Abulfaz Oghlu Aliyev

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This paper presents information about 103 species of the subfamily ichneumoninae. 10 species of them were included in the Azerbaijan fauna, 25 in the Caucasian fauna and 65 in the Transcaucasian fauna for the first time. They belong to 6 tribes and 36 genera. Their distribution, hosts and biotopes were noted.

The Taxonomy And Ecology Of Mauremys Caspica Rivulatavalenciennes, 1833 (Testudinata: Bataguridae) And Testudo Graeca Ibera Pallas, 1811 (Testudinata: Testudinidae) On Resadiye (Datça) Peninsula, Cemal Varol Tok

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this survey, the tortoise and turtle fauna of Resadiye (Datça) Peninsula, which has not previously been studied in detail, is given. Mauremys caspica rivulata and Testudo graeca ibera specimens were collected as museum material or released after their measurements were taken, from four and nine localities respectively, establishing the status of the peninsula's testudine fauna. A total of 30 adult and eight juvenile specimens were studied morphologically. Observations on the ecological and biological characteristics of the testudines are also given.

Some Biological Aspects Of Penaeid Shrimps Inhabiting Yumurtalık Bight In İskenderun Bay (North-Eastern Mediterranean), Meti̇n Kumlu, Dursun Avşar, O. Tufan Eroldoğan, Nuri̇ Başusta

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The species composition, size frequency distribution and length/weight relationships for each sex, size at first sexual maturity, and spawning seasons of the commercially important shrimp species inhabiting Yumurtalik Bight of the Nort-eastern Mediterranean were studied. Two penaeid shrimp species, Penaeus semisulcatus and Metapenaeus stebbingi, dominated the catches. Only a few individuals of Metapenaeus monoceros were captured during the study. The minimum size at first maturity was estimated to be 130 mm total length (TL) for P. semisulcatus and 55-60 mm TL for M. stebbingi. The size at which 50% of the population is mature is 36 mm carapace length (CL) …

Proceedings Of The Symposium On The Status, Management, And Conservation Of The Species Alectoris, Black Francolin, Thrush, Quail, And Turtle Dove In The Mediterranean Region, Nicos Kassinis, Panicos Panayides

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Proceedings of the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation, Symposium on the Status, Management, and Conservation of the Species Alectoris, Black Francolin, Thrush, Quail, and Turtle Dove in the Mediterranean Region held Octobe 8-10, 1999 in Lemesos, Cyprus.

Morphology And Development Of Several External Myiasis Larvae Recorded In Elazığ, Cem Ecmel Şaki̇, Edi̇p Özer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A study was conducted on external myiasis of livestock in Elazığ and its districts (Sivrice, Kovancılar, Baskil and Salkaya) in 1994-1995. Eight species of myiasis flies including Lucilia sericata, L. caesar, Calliphora vicina, C. vomitoria, Chrysomya albiceps, Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis and S. carnaria were determined and published seperately. In addition, morphological and biological characteristics of larvae of Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vicina, Wohlfahrtia magnifica and Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis were investigated under laboratory conditions as well. The studies showed that development from larvae to fly was recognized in 17-22 days for L. sericata, 10-16 days for S. haemorrhoidalis, 19-23 days for C. …