Digital Commons Network^™

Avian Prey-Dropping Behavior. I. The Effects Of Prey Characteristics And Prey Loss, Paul Switzer, Daniel Cristol

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Occurrence And Reproduction Of The Alabama Shad, Alosa Alabamae Jordan And Evermann, In The Ouachita River System Of Arkansas, Thomas M. Buchanan, Josh Nichols, Don Turman, Colton Dennis, Stuart Woolridge, Brett Hobbs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The anadromous Alabama shad, Alosa alabamae, has drastically declined in abundance in recent decades throughout its historic range and has previously been reported in Arkansas from only five localities. Three of those locality records are pre- 1900. Sampling by seine in the Ouachita River drainage system of southern Arkansas in July and August of 1997 and 1998 produced more than 300 juvenile A. alabamae from two localities on the Little Missouri River and four localities on the Ouachita River. One record of an adult Alabama shad, taken on 4 April1997 by an angler below Remmel Dam on the Ouachita River, …

Revised List Of Arkansas Terrestrial Mollusks With Notes On The Geographic Distribution Of Species, Brian F. Coles, Gerald E. Walsh

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A revised list of of Arkansas terrestrial mollusks is presented, based on the authors' collections, incorporating data from the scientific literature and taking into account recent changes in taxonomy and species concepts. 144 species are recorded for Arkansas, of which 127 represent the autochthonous fauna of the state. The biogeographical position of Arkansas is reflected in its land mollusks, i.e., approximately 40% of Arkansas species are also widely distributed in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, 12% are more widely distributed to the north, 11% are typical of the Gulf Coastal Plain, 14% form a "Mid Western" assemblage …

Conditioned Food Aversions: Principles And Practices, With Special Reference To Social Facilitation, Michael H. Ralphs, Frederick D. Provenza

Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)

Conditioned food aversion is a powerful experimental tool to modify animal diets. We have also investigated it as a potential management tool to prevent livestock from grazing poisonous plants such as tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi), white locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) on western US rangelands. The following principles pertain to increasing the strength and longevity of aversions: mature animals retain aversions better than young animals; novelty of the plant is important, although aversions can be created to familiar plants; LiCl is the most effective emetic, and the optimum dose for cattle …

Bovine Somatotropin In Milk, Charlotte P. Brennand Phd, Clell V. Bagley Dvm

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication discusses the controversy associated with Bovine Somatotropin in milk.

Dairy Digest 1998-1999, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

Cow Mortality Disposal, Clell V. Bagley, John H. Kirk, Kitt Farrell-Poe

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Common Parasites, Diseases And Injuries Of Freshwater Fishes In The Northwest Territories And Nunavut, D. B. Stewart, L. M. J. Bernier

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

This booklet gives basic information on common parasites, diseases and injuries of fish harvested from fresh water in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut (Canada). It answers some of the more common questions asked by Aboriginal, domestic, sport and commercial harvesters, and by fisheries researchers. It is not an in depth treatment of fish health. Parasites that are uncommon or too small to be seen with the naked eye and diseases that are poorly known are not discussed. Relatively little research has been conducted on fish parasites in the region, less still on fish diseases and injuries.

"Vertebrate Pests Of Agriculture, Forestry And Public Lands" 1999 Annual Meeting

Western Region Coordinating Committee for Vertebrate Pests of Agriculture, Forestry, and Public Lands (WCC-95)

Table of Contents . . i

1999 Officers. . .1

Minutes . . 2

Number and Title of the Regional Project . . 2

Location and Dates of the Meeting. . 2

Participants/Attendees . . 2

Adopted Agenda . .2

Convening of Sessions (Tuesday 16 November). .3

Prairie Dog Forum4

1999 Business Meeting (Wednesday 17 November) . .5

Presentations (Wednesday 17 November) . .10

Continued Presentations, Special Discussions and Individual Updates. . 12

(Thursday 18 November).

Completion of Sessions (Thursday 18 November). . 15

Participants/ Attendees names and addresses. .16

Abstracts . .20

S. Miller Prairie dogs: the case for …

Alpha Status, Dominance, And Division Of Labor In Wolf Packs, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The prevailing view of a wolf (Canis lupus) pack is that of a group of individuals ever vying for dominance but held in check by the “alpha” pair, the alpha male and alpha female. Most research on the social dynamics of wolf packs, however, has been conducted on non-natural assortments of captive wolves. Here I describe the wolf-pack social order as it occurs in nature, discuss the alpha concept and social dominance and submission, and present data on the precise relationships among members in free-living packs, based on a literature review and 13 summers of observations of wolves …

A Morphological Investigation On The Anuran Species Of The Reşadiye (Datça) Peninsula (Anura: Bufonidae, Hylidae, Ranidae), Cemal Varol Tok

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this survey the amphibian fauna of Reşadiye (Datça) Peninsula, which has not been studied in detail so far, is given. No urodelan species has been encountered during the present work; but the presence of four different species belonging to three anuran families is established. Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea and Rana ridibunda specimens were collected from two, five, three and six different localities respectively, establishing the status of the peninsula's anura fauna. A total of 125 adult and two juvenile specimens were studied morphologically. Some observations on the ecological and biological characteristics of the anurans are also given.

Fall 1998 Raptor Migrations Study In The Wellsville Mountains Of Northern Utah, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Elusive Documents

The Wellsville Mountains raptor migration study in northern Utah is an ongoing effort to monitor longterm trends in populations of raptors using this northern Rocky Mountain migratory flyway. Raptors feed atop food pyramids, inhabit most ecosystems, occupy large home ranges, and are sensitive to environmental contamination and other human disturbances. Therefore, they serve as important biological indicators of ecosystem health (Cade et al. 1988; Bednarz et al. 1990a; Bildstein and Zalles 1995). For example, long-term migration counts in the eastern United States documented declines in several raptor species and helped us understand the deleterious effects of organochlorine pesticides (Spofford 1969, …

Fish & Wildlife News: January 1999 (Special Edition: National Wildlife Refuge System Conference)

Fish and Wildlife News

Contents:

High Altitude, High Spirits 2
Honoring a Congressman 5
Media Baron Speaks Up for Wildlife 6
“No More Roads,” Says Babbitt 6
Panelists Address Diversity Issues 9
Barry Describes the “State of the System” 13
Another Roosevelt Who Loves Refuges 15
Winning Managers Share Their Thoughts 17
Results of Breakout Sessions 22
Director Lauds a New Era 23
AD Dan Ashe Looks Back 26
Refuges Chief Coleman Looks Ahead 27

Fish & Wildlife News: January/February 1999

Fish and Wildlife News

Contents:

Anne Badgley in as Region 1 RD 2
Service Releases More Mexican Wolves 4
LE Busts Coral Smuggling Ring 5
Service Embraces Migratory Bird Initiatives 6
A New Concept in Beef 8
Interior Plans 150th Bashes Year-Round 9
Bringing the Hatchery to the Volunteers 10
Cranes Draw Crowds in New Mexico 11
Tribute to Region 1 Employees Killed on Duty 12
Team Implements Ecosystem Approach 15
Fighting Invasives in the Ohio River 16
Hollywood Comes to a Refuge 18
Rare Fish Makes a Comeback 23
Student Leaders Take D.C. by Storm 26

Plant And Breeding Bird Communities Of Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies And Non-Colonized Areas In Southwest Kansas And Southeast Colorado, Stephen L. Winter

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This research was initiated to determine if plant and bird communities on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus Ord) colonies in southwest Kansas and southeast Colorado differed from those found on associated non-colonized areas. Vegetation height and density, and the cover and frequency of numerous plant species differed between prairie dog colonies and non-colonized areas that were co-dominated by mid-height grasses and shortgrasses. A comparison of prairie dog colonies with non-colonized areas that were dominated solely by shortgrasses did not reveal a difference in vegetation height and density. The number of species that differed in cover or frequency between prairie dog …

Changes In Ph Of Boar Semen Extenders, Mary Sue Newth, Donald G. Levis

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to examine the change in pH across time of five extenders (MR-A, VSP, BTS, Merck III and SpermAid). Type of extender and time of measurement affected (P < .01) the overall pH of liquid extender; however an interaction (P < .01) occurred between type of extender and time. BTS and MERCK III had a small increase in pH across time, MR-A and VSP had a linear increase in pH across time and SpermAid decreased in pH during the first 20 minutes before gradually increasing to a consistent level of pH at 50 minutes after preparation. Boar semen extenders do not have the same pattern of pH change across time. Semen should not be mixed with extender until a stable pH has been reached. In general, a liquid boar semen extender should be prepared 60 to 90 minutes prior to mixing with raw semen.

Follicular Selection And Atresia In Gilts Selected For An Index Of High Ovulation Rate And High Prenatal Survival, Hui-Wen Yen, Rodger K. Johnson, Dwane R. Zimmerman

Nebraska Swine Reports

Previously, we reported (See Yen et al., Nebraska Swine Report 1998) White Line gilts selected for an index of high ovulation rate and high prenatal survival (White Line-2, WL-2) maintained a larger pool of medium follicles (3 to 6.9 mm) during the early- to mid-follicular phase than randomly selected controls (White Line- 1, WL-1). The present study evaluated the health status of the medium follicles to determine whether WL-2 gilts maintain a healthier pool of medium follicles and are able to continue selection of ovulatory follicles later in the follicular phase to achieve their ovulation rate advantage (6.6 ova). Ovaries …

Defining Swine Nutrient Requirements And Allowances—What Do The Numbers Mean?, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Duane Reese, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

Defining nutrient requirements or allowances is the first, and conceivably most important step, in developing a nutrition program for growing-finishing pigs. Understanding the terminology and underlying principles used to define nutrient requirements and allowances for pigs will help producers better evaluate their nutrition programs. This information will also enable producers to interface production outputs (e.g., growth rate and carcass data) to published nutrient requirement and allowance programs, such as The National Research Council, Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 1998. As these and other approaches describing nutrient requirements for pigs develop, producers need a better and more complete understanding of growth biology …

The Effects Of Dietary Feather Meal Concentration On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Barrows, Kuo-Wei Ssu, Mike Brumm, Phillip S. Miller, Jill M. Heemstra

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary feather meal level, as well as whether or not start weight influenced feather meal effects in growth performance and carcass traits of barrows. Dietary feather meal additions tended to decrease the final body weight variation of barrows. Barrows fed diets containing 20 percent feather meal from 80 pounds to slaughter had decreased average daily gain, average daily feed intake, digestible lysine intake, energy intake, daily lean gain and backfat depth. Barrows fed diets containing 10 percent feather meal from 190 pounds to slaughter had decreased average daily gain, average daily …

Under-Ice Diel Vertical Migrations Of Oncorhynchus Nerka And Their Zooplankton Prey, G. B. Steinhart, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

We used stationary hydroacoustics and measures of environmental conditions (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, light levels, and zooplankton) to determine what factors, foraging or predation risk, influenced diel vertical migrations of Oncorhynchus nerka during winter in three high-mountain lakes. The Sawtooth Valley lakes are deep, oligotrophic, glacial lakes located in central Idaho, U.S.A., and historically contained populations of anadromous O. nerka. In general, low light intensities limited foraging opportunities of O. nerka under ice, especially at night. In Stanley Lake, O. nerka underwent diel vertical migrations to exploit available light to feed. Oncorhynchus nerka occupied shallow water at night, where there …

In Situ Neutral Detergent Insoluble Nitrogen As A Method For Measuring Forage Protein Degradability, R. Mass, G. P. Lardy, R. J. Grant, Terry Klopfenstein

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A method of estimating the undegraded intake protein (UIP) concentration of forages was developed and validated with a series of in situ experiments. The hypothesis was that UIP calculated from in situ neutral detergent insoluble N (NDIN) is equal to total in situ N minus the microbial N that is estimated from purines (MN). The in situ disappearance rates of total in situ N (TN), MN, and NDIN were measured for six hay samples and two range masticate samples. Hypothetical rates of passage (2 or 5%/h) were used to calculate UIP (% of DM) for each N pool. Estimates of …

Genetic Relationships Between Visual And Objective Measures Of Carcass Composition In Crossbred Lambs, H. E. Jones, G. Simm, W. S. Dingwall, R. M. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic (coroariances between objective measures and carcass visual scores, as a test of the potential value afvisual scores in selection programmes to improve carcass composition in crossbred lambs. In each of 1986, 1987 and 1988, 22 Suffolk rams were chosen with either high or low scores on an index designed to increase lean growth rate. These rams were joined with 18 to20 crossbred ewes each and theirlambs were grov.J11 on grass to one of three target live weights (35·5, 41·5 and 47·0 kg) for slaughter. The carcasses of 1881 lambs …

Profit From Pastures, Mark Callow, Martin Van Houtert

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The research program has made a major contribution to the improvement of pasture management techniques, which has, in turn, led to a gain in productivity for dairy farms in the south-west of Western Australia. Analysis has shown a 25 per cent improvement in pasture utilisation, an increase in the average number of cows milked from 155 to 192, an increase in average stocking rates from 0.9 to 1.2 cows per hectare, and increased income from milk sales by $600 per hectare. There are still areas for improvement in sustainability, productivity, and profitability, but the success to date is a credit …

Eradicating Virulent Footrot From Western Australia, R K. Mitchell

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australia has a unique opportunity to eradicate virulent footrot from the State's sheep flock, with only 62 properties or 0.6 per cent of sheep properties currently in quarantine. The majority of Western Australian flocks are now free of virulent footrot, with targeted on-farm and abattoir surveillance used to detect the remaining properties affected by the disease. Bob Mitchell reports on how farmers, industry, and government are working together, with research playing an important part in the eradication campaign.

Optimal Conditions Of Cooler Aging For Beef, Chris R. Calkins, Rosemarie Rosario

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Steaks from longissimus muscle were stored at 30°F and 38°F for one, two, three, eight and 15 days postmortem to identify time/temperature combinations providing optimum tenderization. After completion of each treatment, steaks were sampled for myfibrillar protein degradation using gel electrophoresis and Warner-Bratzler shear force. Steaks aged at 38°F tended to have lower shear force values (greater tenderness) and shorter storage times than those stored at 30°F. Gel electrophoresis confirmed these results: samples stored at 38° F had considerable protein degradation in eight days, comparable to steaks aged at 30°F for 15 days.

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 1999

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

From the Department Head's Desk
Graduate Program
Bud Britton Animal Science Golf Classic
Undergraduate Program
Death
Animal Science Open House
Academic Quadrathlon Held
Emeriti Addresses
Block & Bridle Activities
Past Honorees at Block and Bridle Banquet
Officers for Fall 1999
Activities for 1999-00
Recent Department Awards and Recognitions
Judging Team Activities
Staff
Your Newsletter Committee
Alumni News
Animal Science Newsletter Nationally Recognized
Animal Science Department Web Site
Calendar of Events for 1999 – 2000

Evaluation Of Nitrogen And Organic Matter Balance In The Feedlot As Affected By Level And Source Of Dietary Fiber, S. Bierman, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock, D. H. Shain

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A trial was conducted to determine the effect of level and source of dietary fiber on N and OM excretion by cattle on finishing diets. One hundred twenty steers were stratified by weight and allotted to one of the following treatments: 7.5% roughage (7.5% R), wet corn gluten feed (WCGF; 41.5% of dietary DM), and all-concentrate (All Con) diet. Cattle were fed for 87 d during the summer with 23.7 m² of pen area per animal. Steers fed the WCGF diet had heavier final weights, greater DMI, and higher ADG ( P < .01) than the 7.5% R and All Con treatments. Steers fed All Con had lower ( P < .01) DMI than the other two treatments. Nitrogen and OM mass balances in the feedlot were quantified. Main components were nutrient input, retention, and excretion. Nitrogen and OM intake of steers fed WCGF were greater ( P < .05) than those of steers fed the other treatments. The WCGF treatment had a greater percentage of fecal N output ( P < .05). The All Con treatment had a greater ( P < .01) percentage of urinary N than WCGF and 7.5% R diets. Steers fed the WCGF treatment excreted more ( P < .01) OM compared with the other treatments, which led to more N and OM being removed in manure at cleaning. The All Con treatment had more ( P < .01) N and OM in runoff than the other treatments. Nutrition can change site of fermentation, which affects the composition of excreted material; however, total amount of N excreted may be more important than route of excretion in decreasing N losses to the environment and maximizing recovery in manure.

Evaluation Of The Ovine Callipyge Locus: Iii. Genotypic Effects On Meat Quality Traits, B. A. Freking, J. W. Keele, S. D. Shackelford, T. L. Wheeler, M. Koohmarai, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Kreg A. Leymaster

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A resource flock of 362 F₂ lambs provided phenotypic and genotypic data to estimate effects of callipyge ( CLPG) genotypes (NN, NC, CN, and CC) on meat quality traits. The mutant allele is represented as C, the normal allele(s) as N, and the paternal allele of a genotype is given first. Lambs of each genotype born in 1994 and 1995 were serially slaughtered in six groups at 3-wk intervals starting at 23 wk of age. Warner-Bratzler shear force and subjective evaluation of marbling were collected during both years from longissimus. Calpastatin activity was measured on longissimus from the 1994 …

Pqf News: Newsletter Of The Partridge, Quail, And Francolin Specialist Group 13/14-19 (1999-2003), Iucn Species Survival Commission, Birdlife International, World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

The purpose of the newsletter is to receive details of new projects, re-assessments of the status of relevant species, interesting discoveries or observations, taxonomic changes, conservation successes or threats and anything else that members might find interesting. We would like in future issues to produce a list of relevant publications which appear during the year in order to keep members up-to-date with current information. We will publish requests for contacts or information, advertisements for conferences and workshops and news of projects and project proposals.

Issue 13/14 (Spring/Autumn 1999)

Action Plan revision: A progress report, Richard Fuller

First nest records for …

Effects Of Backgrounding And Growing Programs On Beef Carcass Quality And Yield, Terry J. Klopfenstein, R. Cooper, D. J. Jordon, D. Shain, T. Milton, Chris R. Calkins, C. Rossi

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Clearly, the future of the beef cattle industry in the United States depends on the quality of the product. The majority of calves are born in the spring; therefore, to have a consistent supply of feeders entering feedlots and to take advantage of forages, a variety of stocker programs exist. Cattle enter the feedlot at varying weights and ages and from different nutritional backgrounds, and this variation could produce differences in carcass quality. The economically important measures of carcass quality are yield grade and quality grade. They are directly related: as cattle fatten in the feedlot, both quality grade and …