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Intensification In A Risky Environment: The Case Of Improving Private Grazing Land For Beef Production In Utah, Louise D. Sainsbury

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Utah ranchers commonly face risks to their livelihoods. The objective of this work was to determine if ranchers could make profitable improvements to private land forage given the combined threat of low beef prices, drought, and possible loss of public grazing.

We used linear programming (LINDO) to identify the most profitable solutions for private land investment with an 11-year simulation. Operations were divided into small, medium, and large size classes. Various forage improvements and public permits were options. Two phases of a beef price cycle (peak and trough) and 2 precipitation patterns (wet and drought) were combined as joint favorable …

The Relationship Of Milk Urea Nitrogen And Dhia Production Variables In Western Commercial Dairy Herds, Rachael G. Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Monthly individual cow DHIA test records (approximately 90,000) from 96 Holstein and Jersey herds from Utah, Idaho, and Montana were analyzed used the Mixed procedure in SAS to determine the relationships of milk production parameters to milk urea N (MUN). Records spanned two consecutive years ending December 2000. Means for Holsteins were 34.1 kg/d milk yield, 15.2 mg/dl MUN, 3.18% milk protein, 3.5% milk fat, and 280,000 somatic cell count. Mean MUN for Holsteins was lowest in fall (Oct.-Dec) and highest in winter and spring. Cows with highest milk protein percent (≥ 3.2%) had lowest MUN over all levels of …

Response Of The Threatened Sand Skink (Neoseps Reynolds!) And Other Herpetofaunal Species To Burning And Clearcutting In The Florida Sand Pine Scrub Habitat, Kristie D. Gianopulos

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Florida scrub habitat is a naturally fire maintained habitat that is highly endangered because of great demand for land for agriculture and real estate. Maintenance of remaining patches ofFlorida scrub habitat requires active management. We experimentally investigated the effects of clearcutting and burning on sand skink populations in three patches of sand pine scrub. Each patch included a clearcut plot, a burned plot, and an undisturbed plot. Treatment plot boundaries were drawn in 1995 such that each plot was no different from any other plot in sand skink densities. The responses of sand skink and other herpetofauna populations were monitored …

The Mannose-Sensitive Hemagglutinin Of Vibrio Cholerae Promotes Adherence To Zooplankton, Deborah A. Chiavelli, Jane W. Marsh, Ronald K. Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

The bacterium Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, is often found attached to plankton, a property that is thought to contribute to its environmental persistence in aquatic habitats. The V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype and V. cholerae O139 strains produce a surface pilus termed the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA), whereas V. cholerae O1 classical biotype strains do not. Although V. cholerae O1 classical does not elaborate MSHA, the gene is present and expressed at a level comparable to that of the other strains. Since V. cholerae O1 El Tor and V. cholerae O139 have displaced V. cholerae O1 classical …

Draft Plan Of Management For The Cottesloe Reef Proposed Fish Habitat Protection Area., Fisheries Western Australia

Fisheries Management Papers

The aim of this management plan is to promote and encourage the protection and rehabilitation of the aquatic habitat at Cottesloe Reef and to involve the community in its management.

Determining Differences In The Spatial Distribution Of Forest Structure On The Kaibab Plateau: Implications For Forest Management And The Northern Goshawk, Ryan S. Miller

Other Publications in Wildlife Management

The Kaibab Plateau, in North Central Arizona, has undergone extensive change in the last 100 years due to land management practices such as logging, road building, and fire suppression. The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) has been a center of controversy, due to the potential effects of silvicultural practices on goshawk breeding habitat (Reynolds-1983, Bloom et al 1986, Kennedy 1989, Crocker-Bedford 1990). Current and past research efforts on the Kaibab Plateau have mapped Goshawk nesting territories and temporal change in nesting behavior and success. However, these research efforts have not determined how long-term spatial changes in land-use activities that have influenced …

Fish & Wildlife News: April/May/June 2001

Fish and Wildlife News

Contents:
Proposal Brings Whoopers Back to East 2
Calling All Photographers! 5
Convictions, Fines in Caviar Case 6
Recarpeting a Bay 7
Students Become Refuge Biologists 8
Special Section: Native Americans 10
Apaches Join in Wolf Recovery Efforts 16
Mythical Condors Returning to West 16
The Day of the “Duck In” 20
Cooking Up Conservation 23
Spontaneity at Government Meeting 27
Fish and Wildlife...In Brief 35

Investigations Into The Innate Resistance Of The Tick, Dermacentor Variabilis, When Challenged With The Bacterium, Escherichia Coli, Shane Michael Ceraul

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

In addition to the soluble response, many invertebrates control bacterial infections by means of phagocytosis or melanotic encapsulation. In some insects, Escherichia coli growth is reported to be inhibited by aggregation/encapsulation. Soluble and phagocytic responses to bacterial challenge have been reported in ticks, but evidence of an aggregation/encapsulation response was reported only for inanimate (araldite) implants. This study was done to determine how ticks control infection by E. coli. Ticks were challenged by direct inoculation of bacteria into the hemocoel cavity. Using plate counts, no viable E. coli were detected I hour post-inoculation. A direct fluorescence assay (DF A) …

Canine And Feline Parvoviruses Can Use Human Or Feline Transferrin Receptors To Bind, Enter, And Infect Cells, John S. L. Parker, William J. Murphy, Dai Wang, Stephen J. O'Brien, Colin R. Parrish

Biology Faculty Articles

Canine parvovirus (CPV) enters and infects cells by a dynamin-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway, and viral capsids colocalize with transferrin in perinuclear vesicles of cells shortly after entry (J. S. L. Parker and C. R. Parrish, J. Virol. 74:1919–1930, 2000). Here we report that CPV and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), a closely related parvovirus, bind to the human and feline transferrin receptors (TfRs) and use these receptors to enter and infect cells. Capsids did not detectably bind or enter quail QT35 cells or a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-derived cell line that lacks any TfR (TRVb cells). However, capsids bound and …

In Support Of A Rationally Managed Fishery: Age And Growth In Patagonian Toothfish (Dissostichus Eleginoides), Julian R. Ashford

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) occur on the continental shelves and shelf breaks of southern South America and the Southern Ocean. Stock structure, critical to good fisheries management, can be inferred from growth differences between areas, but available growth data are compromised by inconsistencies in age estimation methods, sampling and sample sizes, and techniques used to derive estimates. I asked the scientific question: how is growth in Patagonian toothfish structured spatially within the Southern Ocean? I developed a multi-stage randomized design to sample fish caught by commercial longline, and an age estimation methodology. Because toothfish are difficult to age, …

Effects Of Human Disturbances On The Behavior Of Dabbling Ducks, Melissa Lynn Pease

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Disturbance of wintering and migrating birds by human activities can cause birds to expend energy in avoidance of humans and reduces the time available for resting and feeding at a time in the annual cycle when fat deposition and energy conservation are important. Also, human disturbances can effectively cause habitat loss by displacing birds from feeding or resting habitat. Managers of natural resources are increasingly faced with decisions about the types and amounts of public use that should be allowed without lowering the value of the resource for wildlife. In order for managers to make decisions about how to minimize …

2001 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Review Of Antillean Bats Of The Genus Ariteus, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The genus Ariteus as currently understood is represented by a single species Ariteus flavescens, which is confined to island of Jamaica in the Greater Antilles. It is surprising given the restricted distribution of the species that it was among the first of the New World bats to be described (Gray, 183 1). Philip Henry Gosse (1851) was the first to publish on the natural history of this bat, but he described it under the name of two new species, which subsequently have been treated as junior synonyms of A. flavescens. Until the 1970s, less than 50 recent specimens …

Usefulness Of Subjective Ovine Milk Scores: I. Associations With Range Ewe Characteristics And Lamb Production, G. D. Snowder, A.D. Knight, L. Dale Van Vleck, C. M. Bromley, T. R. Kellom

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Range ewes are commonly evaluated for milking ability by producers to determine the ewe’s ability to rear lamb(s). The U.S. Sheep Experiment Station has subjectively scored (low, average, high) a ewe’s milking ability within 24 h of lambing for many years. The relationship of subjective milk scores with lamb production was investigated using lambing records of Columbia (n = 1,731), Polypay (n = 1,129), Rambouillet (n = 1,704), and Targhee (n = 1,638) ewes. The incidence of high milk scores increased from less than 10% at first parity to 29 to 40% at second and greater parities. At maturity, Columbia …

Fisheries Research Report No. 125 - A History Of Foreign Fishing Activities And Fishery-Independent Surveys Of The Demersal Finfish Resources In The Kimberley Region Of Western Australia, G Nowara, Stephen J. Newman

Fisheries Research Reports

The aim of this project was to collate all historical information regarding fishing activities relevant to the Northern Demersal Scalefish Fishery. Three primary sources of information were identified; foreign Taiwanese pair-trawl fishing activities; traditional Indonesian fishing activities; and fishery-independent (CSIRO) survey data.

The Taiwanese pair-trawl fishing catch and effort from 1980 to 1990 was concentrated into two main regions, the Broome area (120°-122°E) and the Holothuria Banks area (124°-126°E) in the north. The majority of trawls were undertaken in the mid-continental shelf region (60-100 m). The total catch of these vessels reached a peak of 4,394 tonnes in 1985. Effort …

Final Plan Of Management For The Lancelin Island Lagoon Fish Habitat Protection Area., Fisheries Western Australia, Australian Marine Conservation Society Friends Of Lancelin Island.

Fisheries Management Papers

The Lancelin Island Lagoon is a small area of reef habitat on the western side of Lancelin Island and a popular snorkelling and diving destination. Water depth ranges from less than 0.3 m on the intertidal reefs to less than 3 m on the sand or seagrass-covered bottom. The area has a diverse array of benthic marine habitat. During a marine survey of the area, over 200 flora and fauna species were positively identified, with many more remaining unidentified due to the diversity of species supported in this marine environment. The survey, which was facilitated by direct observations and photographs, …

Effects On The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker From Various Spatial And Temporal Applications Of Management Practices, Chad F. Schroeder

Theses and Dissertations

The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker (RCW) is an endangered species endemic to southeastern pine forests in the United States. RCWs are cooperative breeding birds that live together in clusters of old-growth pine trees in which they construct their nesting cavities. The cavities are constructed in living pines, which are predominantly longleaf pines. RCWs also forage upon older pines, preferably longleaf pine. The Endangered Species Act, along with other DoD regulations, requires DoD installations to protect the RCWs and restore their habitat. A popular management practice converts off-site (non-native) pines back to a region's indigenous pines. Conversion provides the best long term RCW …

Comparison Of Conventional And Two-Stage Reversible Flow, Static-Bed Biodenitrification Reactors, Bryan L. Woodbury, Mohamed F. Dahab

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This paper compares the operation of a traditional single-stage system with a two-stage, reversible flow biodenitrification system for removing nitrates from drinking water. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of these two-stage systems to remove nitrate and residual organics from treated water as compared to single-stage units. In the reversible flow system, the second-stage (i.e. follow) reactor is operated in series with the first-stage (i.e. lead) reactor. After a given period of operation, the flow regime is reversed so that the follow reactor becomes the lead one and vice versa. The active solids remaining in the …

Bats Of The West Indian Island Of Dominica: Natural History, Areography, And Trophic Structure, Hugh H. Genoways, Carleton J. Phillips, Robert M. Timm, Duane A. Schlitter

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Because the islands in the Caribbean long have interested students of mammals and zoogeography, considerable information has been published concerning the biology of the Antillean mammalian fauna in the past three decades (Jones and Schwartz, 1967; Schwartz and Jones, 1967; Koopman, 1968, 1989; Jones and Phillips, 1970, 1976; Varona, 1974; Baker and Genoways, 1978; Baker et al., 1978; Swanepoel and Genoways, 1978; Jones and Baker, 1979; Silva Taboada, 1979; Baker et al., 1984; Eshelman and Morgan, 1985; Buden, 1986; Griffiths and Klingener, 1988; Jones, 1989; Masson et al., 1990; Pederson et al., 1996; Genoways et al., 1998). This increasing interest …

Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Reproduction In Pigs, J. P. Cassady, R. K. Johnson, Daniel Pomp, G. A. Rohrer, L. Dale Van Vleck, E. K. Spiegel, K. M. Gilson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this research was to identify chromosomal regions harboring QTL affecting reproduction in pigs. A three-generation resource population was developed by crossing low-indexing pigs from a randomly selected control line (C) with high-indexing pigs of a line selected for increased index of ovulation rate and embryonic survival (I). Differences between Lines I and C at Generation 10 were 6.7 ova and 3.3 fetuses at 50 d of gestation and 3.1 fully formed and 1.6 live pigs at birth. Phenotypic data were collected on F₂ females, born in three replicates, for ovulation rate (n = 423), age at …

Sustainable Tourism Plan For The Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Fisheries Western Australia

Fisheries Management Papers

The Abrolhos coral reefs are the southernmost living reefs in the Indian Ocean. They have a unique assemblage of tropical species of fish, reef corals and other invertebrates, which live in close association with temperate species, particularly of algae, and species endemic to Western Australia. The Abrolhos is the centre of the fishery for the commercially valuable western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus). Terrestrial flora and fauna of the Abrolhos are relict and provide important reference areas on ecological interactions. Virtually all the islands of the Abrolhos archipelago have sea bird nesting and breeding areas, and populations of some species of …

Wpa News 64 (2001), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (February 2001), number 64

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Rare, Threatened And Endangered Plants And Animals Of Oregon (2001), James S. Kagan, Sue Vrilakas, Eleanor P. Gaines, Cliff Alton, Ken Popper, Mark A. Stern, Eric Scheuering, John A. Christy, Mary Finnerty, Jon Hak, Anthony A. Tovar, Michael Murray, Claudine Tobalske, Oregon Natural Heritage Program

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Extinction is a natural process. Today, however, plant and animal species are disappearing world-wide at an accelerated pace. Based on current trends, half of the species on earth will be extinct within the next 100 years. The major cause of this phenomenon is large-scale destruction of native habitats, which has increased since European settlement began in the mid 1800's - in Oregon and throughout the New World.

Once lost, a species can never be recovered, and there is no way of knowing how useful it may have been. We do know that human beings and many of their industries depend …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Vasotocin Receptor Expression In The Brain And Pituitary Gland During The Ovulatory Cycle Of The Fowl, Kelly Shaffer, Jorge A. Vizcarra, John Kirby

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Vasotocin receptors are members of seven transmembrane spanning G-protein associated receptors. Several isoforms have been recognized in mammals and birds. It has been shown that VT-1 expression occurs primarily in the brain while VT-2 expression occurs mainly in the pituitary. There is no current evidence to support that both VTR-1 and -2 are found in a single tissue. Our goal in this experiment was to see if VT-1 and VT-2 receptor mRNA expression varied in known sites of expression over the period of the ovulatory cycle of broiler breeder hens. In order to study potential changes in VT-1 and VT-2 …

Genetic And Phenotypic Parameters For Dietary Selection Of Mountain Big Sagebrush (Artemisia Tridentata Nutt. Ssp. Vaseyana [Rydb] Beetle) In Rambouillet Sheep, G. D. Snowder, J. W. Walker, K. L. Launchbaugh, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The heritability of diet selection for mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana [Rydb] Beetle) by grazing sheep was estimated from fecal samples collected from 549 Rambouillet ewes. Fecal samples were collected in September and October during 1996 and 1997 from free-grazing ewes on intermountain sagebrush-bunchgrass rangelands at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station in Idaho. The total number of fecal samples was 1,949. Fecal samples were evaluated for composition of big sagebrush by near-infrared spectroscopy. Percentage of sagebrush in the diet was less in September than in October (21.6 vs 31.7%, respectively). Single-trait and bivariate derivative-free REML analyses …

Update On Conjugated Linoleic Acids (Cla), D. E. Bauman, D. G. Peterson, L. H. Baumgard, J. W. Perfield Ii

Animal Science

No abstract provided.

Tiger Restoration In Asia: Ecological Theory Vs. Sociological Reality, Ronald Tilson, Philip J. Nyhus, Neil Franklin

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Distribution, Morphometries, And Tooth Morphology Of The Genus Desmognathus In West Virginia, Jessica Ann Wooten

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Very few genera of vertebrates demonstrate variation in body size, color, pattern, and life history traits to the extreme that is demonstrated in the genus Desmognathus. Exact distribution of Desmognathus, as well as other genera of salamanders, is very difficult to outline because of hybridization between certain desmognathine species. Tooth morphology, tail keeling, head and body shape, and geographic location are factors used in the separation among species in this genus. There are five desmognathine salamanders, including D. monticola, D. fuscus, D. ochrophaeus, D. quadramaculatus, and 0. welteri in West Virginia. The purpose of this study was to analyze the …

A Natural History Study Of Desmognathus Welteri In West Virginia, Zachary Ira Felix

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The Black Mountain salamander, Desmognathus welteri, is a relatively large brownish-green salamander that possesses morphological characters associated with a semi-aquatic lifestyle. The history of this species in the state of West Virginia is an interesting one. Due to taxonomic confusion and the lack of a thorough investigation of the species in the state, little was known about the species until recently. Surveys for Desmognathus welteri in southern West Virginia revealed five new populations. This makes 17 localities for the species in the state. It appears D. welteri is restricted to relatively high elevation, high gradient, forested streams in the Cumberland …