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Smooth Bromegrass Pasture Beef Growing Systems: Fertilization Strategies And Economic Analysis, A. K. Watson, T. J. Klopfenstein, Walter H. Schacht, G. E. Erickson, D. R. Mark, Matt K. Luebbe, K. R. Brink, Matthew A. Greenquist

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

In recent years, prices for N fertilizer have increased dramatically, reducing net returns of fertilized pasture systems. A 5-yr study from 2005 to 2009 was conducted to evaluate management strategies and relative differences in profitability for 3 methods of backgrounding calves on smooth bromegrass pastures. Forty-five steers were used each year for a total of 225 animals in a randomized complete block design. Treatments included pastures fertilized in the spring with 90 kg N/ha (FERT), nonfertilized pastures with calves supplemented daily with dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) at 0.6% of BW (SUPP), and control (CONT) pastures that had no …

Heifer Development: Think Profit, Not Just Cost Or Revenues, Matthew C. Stockton, Roger K. Wilson, Richard N. Funston Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Recent research on the economics of optimal beef replacement heifer size development reinforced the established economic principle that revenue or cost optimization are not equal to profit optimization. A modified profit function was used to analyze simulated results which demonstrated the differences among the three measures. In the case of optimizing pregnancy rates, a heifer must be heavier to optimize productivity as measured by revenue verses profit. Similarly in the case of cost minimization, the reduction in developmental expenses results in less profit except in the case where the economically optimal sized heifer equals that of the size chosen to …

Ralph W. Schreiber Conservation Award, 2012, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

The 2012 Ralph W. Schreiber Conservation Award is presented by the American Ornithological Union to Paul A. Johnsgard for his outstanding contributions to the conservation of the Great Plains of North America. Few living ornithologists have written as widely about birds, been more instrumental in promoting awareness of birds generally and the Great Plains avifauna specifically, or have influenced the public more than Paul A. Johnsgard.

The Great Plains of North America is one of the most imperiled landscapes in the world. The birds that depend upon these fragile habitats are being lost. Without the support of the public, policy-makers, …

Irruptive Migration Of Chestnut-Backed Chickadees To Southwestern Idaho, Jay D. Carlisle

Intermountain Bird Observatory Publications and Presentations

I document irruptive movements of the Chestnut-backed Chickadee to Lucky Peak in southwestern Idaho, over 80 km from its regular range. Chestnut-backed Chickadees were captured and/or observed at Lucky Peak in 2000, 2004, and 2008. To evaluate the context for this phenomenon, I also examined data on capture of all chickadees and other irruptive species at Lucky Peak and numbers of irruptive species recorded on Idaho Christmas Bird Counts (CBC) from 1997 to 2011. Though CBCs in the winter of 2004–05 (following the largest movement of Chestnut-backed Chickadees at Lucky Peak in fall 2004) found high numbers of many irruptive …

Harvest Date Influence On Dry Matter Yield And Moisture Of Corn And Stover, Haibo Huang, Dan B. Faulkner, Larry L. Berger, Steven R. Eckhoff

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Harvest date greatly affects the biomass yield, moisture, and quality of corn and stover. Traditionally, corn and stover have been harvested at lower moisture levels. However, corn stover and grain can be more effectively utilized as animal feed and biomass-ethanol feedstock if they are collected before in-field dry down. This study determined dry matter yield, moisture content, and quality of corn and stover before, during, and after grain maturity in central Illinois. The two-year average kernel moisture was 37.4% (w.b.) when reaching physiological maturity. At the same time, the average stover moisture was 67.7% (w.b.). The dry matter yield of …

The Balance Of Proangiogenic And Antiangiogenic Vegfa Isoforms Regulate Follicle Development, Renee M. Mcfee, Timonthy G. Clopton, Andrea S. Cupp

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) has been extensively studied because of its role in follicular development and is a principal angiogenic factor essential for angiogenesis. Since vascularization of the theca layer increases as follicles progress in size through preantral and antral stages, VEGFA might influence follicle growth via the regulation of angiogenesis. However, VEGFA might also influence follicular development through nonangiogenicmechanisms, since its expression has been localized in nonvascular follicles and cells. Alternative mRNA splicing of eight exons from the VEGFA gene results in the formation of various VEGFA isoforms. Each isoform has unique properties and is identified by …

Morphology Of Rathke's Glands In The Snapping Turtle, Chelydra Serpentina, With Comments On The Presence Of Multilaminar Lamellar Bodies In Turtles, S. E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

I examined the histology and ultrastructure of Rathke’s glands in hatchling, juvenile, and adult snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). This species possesses four pairs of Rathke’s glands (i.e., one axillary and three inframarginals) that are embedded beneath marginal bones and are named primarily according to the anatomical location of their orifices. These integumentary glands are similar anatomically and ultrastructurally to one another. Each gland is comprised of a single, highly vascularized, secretory lobule, which is surrounded by a thick tunic of asymmetrically arranged, striated muscle. Two types of large secretory vacuoles characterize most of the holocrine cells produced by a relatively …

Nocturnal Communal Winter Bird Roosts In Northwestern Arkansas, D. A. James

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

New Host And Geographic Distribution Record For The Leech, Myzobdella Reducta (Annelida: Hirudinida: Rhynchobdellida: Piscicolidae), From Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, W. E. Moser, D. J. Richardson, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Demographics Of Mole Salamanders (Ambystoma Talpoideum) In A Northeastern Arkansas Pond, J. W. Stanley, J. R. Engelbert, M. K. Patrick, J. A. Sawyer, S. E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Isospora Species (I. Canaria, Isospora Sp.) In Canaries (Serinus Canarius, Linnaeus), Cem Ecmel Şaki̇, Edi̇p Özer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Of 64 canaries with diarrhea in Elazığ Province between May 2002 and May 2006, 18 (28.1%) had Isospora oocysts in their feces. It was determined that the oocysts, examined morphologically before and after sporulating, were Isospora canaria and Isospora sp. Among the infected animals, 8 (44.4%) were concurrently infected with both species. Total numbers of I. canaria oocysts were greater than those of Isospora sp. A total of 2 canaries showing severe clinical signs were necropsied. Liver, spleen, and lung preparations and peripheral blood smears of the necropsied animals were examined for Atoxoplasma, and no development forms were seen. For …

Nematode Parasites Of Lyciasalamandra Atifi And L. Fazilae (Caudata: Salamandridae) From Turkey, Hi̇kmet Sami̇ Yildirimhan, Mustafa Yavuz, Mehmet Öz, Charles Robert Bursey

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Fifteen Lyciasalamandra atifi and 14 L. fazilae from Antalya Province, Turkey, were examined for helminths. Three species of nematodes, Rhabdias bermani, Aplectana acuminata, and Cosmocerca longicauda, were found in L. atifi and 2 species, Aplectana linstowi and Cosmocerca longicauda, were found in L. fazilae. L. atifi represents a new host record for each of the 3 species of nematodes reported; L. fazilae represents a new host record for each of the 2 species of nematodes reported.

In Ovo Selenium (Se) Injection Of Incubating Chicken Eggs: Effects On Embryo Viability, Tissue Se Concentration, Lipid Peroxidation, Immune Response And Post Hatch Development, Lizza M. Macalintal

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Studies were conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of selenium (Se) either as seleno-methionine (Se-Met) or sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) into the yolk of incubating eggs on tissue Se concentration, embryo livability, lipid peroxidation, immune response and growth performance. When white-shelled eggs were injected with 0.1ml of solutions providing 0, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 μg Se/egg, no detrimental effects on embryo viability at 20 days of incubation were noted. The effects on tissue Se concentrations suggested that Se-Met and Na₂SeO₃ were metabolized differently by the chick embryo. In a subsequent …

Foraging And Roosting Behaviors Of Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bat (Corynorhinus Rafinesquii) At The Northern Edge Of The Species Range, Joseph S. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Bat populations in the eastern United States are currently declining at unprecedented rates as a result of habitat loss, commercial wind energy development, and white-nose syndrome. Effective conservation of these declining populations requires knowledge of several aspects of summer and winter ecology, including daytime habitat use (day-roost selection and social behaviors), nocturnal habitat use (foraging habitat selection, prey selection, and prey abundance), and winter hibernation (torpor) patterns. This dissertation addresses these questions for Rafinesque’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii), a species of conservation concern in the southeastern United States. Kentucky represents the northern edge of the range of Rafinesque’s …

Effect Of Feeding A Blend Of Naturally-Contaminated Corn On Nutrient Digestibility And Feed Preference In Weanling Pigs, Carlos Santiago Escobar

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding diets with a 2009 and 2010 naturally-contaminated corn to weaning pigs. For both experiments three diets were blended to contain 100% 2010 naturally-contaminated corn (control), 50-50% blend of the 2009 naturally-contaminated corn and 2010 corn (Diet 2), and 100% 2009 naturally-contaminated corn (Diet 3). In Exp. 1, 24 crossbred pigs with an average body weight of 7.64 ± 0.70 kg were allotted to 4 replicates of 3 treatments with 2 pigs per pen, on the basis of gender, litter mate, and BW in a randomized complete block design. Fecal and …

Evaluating The Effects Of Maternal And Progeny Dietary Supplementation Of Selenium Yeast And Vitamin E On The Performance Of Broiler-Breeder Hens And Performance And Meat Quality Of Progeny, Anthony D. Quant

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The objectives of these experiments were to evaluate the effects of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit.E) supplementation in maternal and progeny diets on the performance of breeder hens and the performance and meat quality characteristics of progeny.

Inclusion of Se, as Se yeast, in the diets of developing broiler breeder pullets resulted in greater Se accumulation of Se (P<0.01) in liver, pancreas, and breast tissues than when Se yeast was not provided. Improving the overall Se status of breeder pullets in the early stages may help maintain adequate tissue Se concentrations during egg production.

Maternal supplementation of Se yeast and Vit.E increased the liver and breast Se concentration (P<0.05) of newly hatched chicks compared to the chicks originating from hens not receiving dietary Se. At 7d of age, Se yeast supplementation in either the chick or maternal diet increased breast and liver Se concentrations (P<0.01). At 14d of age, breast and liver Se concentrations remained the highest for chicks supplemented with Se yeast (P<0.01), however there was no effect of maternal Se supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation in either the chick or maternal diets did not affect the liver Vit.E concentrations of chicks at 7 or 14d of age.

Supplementing broiler diets with Se yeast and Vit.E improved the meat quality characteristics of raw and marinated breast fillets. The Se …

Influence Of Dietary Selenium Supplementation Form On Hepatic Transcriptome Profiles Of Maturing Beef Heifers, Zhi Zhang

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Our objective was to know how the hepatic transcriptome expression of growing beef (Angus-cross) heifers (0.5 kg gain/day) was affected by the feeding of different sources of dietary (3 mg/day) Se supplements: inorganic Se (ISe, sodium selenite), organic (OSe, Sel-Plex®), or a blend (1.5 mg:1.5 mg) of ISe:OSe (Mix), compared to the adequate but non-Se supplemented “Control”. The biopsied hepatic tissues of these four groups heifers collected at day 168 (when liver Se assimilation had stabilized) after supplements of Se, was subjected to the microarray analysis to assess Se treatment effects.

The results suggest that there were clear differences in …

Biology Department Newsletter, No.2, Sacred Heart University

Biology Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Age Composition And Distribution Of Red Drum (Sciaenops Ocellatus) In Offshore Waters Of The North Central Gulf Of Mexico: An Evaluation Of A Stock Under A Federal Harvest Moratorium, Sean P. Powers, Crystal Hightower, J. Marcus Drymon, Matthew W. Johnson

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Because of a lack of fishery- dependent data, assessment of the recovery of fish stocks that undergo the most aggressive form of management, namely harvest moratoriums, remains a challenge. Large schools of red drum (Sclaenops ocellatus) were common along the northern Gulf of Mexico until the late 1980s when increased fishing effort quickly depleted the stock. After 24 years of harvest moratorium on red drum in federal waters, the stock is in need of reassessment; however, fishery dependent data are not available in federal waters and fishery-independent data are limited. We document the distribution, age composition, growth, and condition of …

Antioxidative And Antimicrobial Effects Of Garlic In Ground Camel Meat, Hamid Reza Gheisari, Vahid Reza Ranjbar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidative and antimicrobial effects of equivalent concentrations of garlic derivatives in ground camel meat during storage at 4 ± 1 °C. The addition of either garlic or butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (0.1 g/kg) significantly delayed lipid oxidation when compared with the control. The antioxidant activities of the various ingredients added followed the order of fresh garlic (FG), garlic powder (GP), BHA, and garlic oil (GO). After 14 days' storage, the aerobic plate count (APC) of both FG- and GP-formulated meat was significantly lower than that of either the control or BHA-formulated samples. …

A Determination Of Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphisms In East Anatolian Red Cattle, South Anatolian Red Cattle, And Turkish Grey Cattle, Iraz Akiş Akad, Ahmet Mengi̇, Kemal Özdem Öztabak

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to determinate the genotype and allele distributions of growth hormone receptor gene polymorphisms in East Anatolian Red cattle (EAR), South Anatolian Red cattle (SAR), and Turkish Grey (TG) cattle. To this end, 50 EAR, 50 SAR, and 50 TG cattle were used in the study. DNA samples were isolated by using the standard ammonium acetate salt-out method. Target regions were amplified and digested by AluI, AccI, StuI, NsiI, and Fnu4HI restriction enzymes. The + allele frequency of growth hormone receptor (GHR)/AluI polymorphism related with milk traits in TG cattle and the - allele frequencies …

Seasonal And Group Effects On Dairy Cow Behavior In Large Yards, Akbar Nikkhah, Rasool Kowsar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In mechanized modern dairy facilities with competitive environments, monitoring behavior provides opportunities to manipulate and optimize the nutritional, health, and social status of high-merit cows. The objective of the current study was to determine seasonal and cow group effects on the eating, ruminating, standing, and lying behaviors of dairy cows in large yards. Seasonal data on various behaviors of lactating cows in different production and lactation stages were collected continuously for 26 months, from December 2006 through February 2008. The herd had approximately 3000 dairy cattle housed in groups within specific yards. A total of 415 multiparous high-producing cows (MH), …

Detection, Cloning, And Sequencing Of The Enterotoxin Gene Of Clostridium Perfringens Type C Isolated From Goat, Yuan Tang, Ming Wen, Bin Lian, Jianzhong Cheng, Kaigong Wang, Bijun Zhou

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is an important virulence factor involved in C. perfringens food poisoning and other gastrointestinal illnesses. In our experiment a Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin gene (cpe) positive type C strain was obtained by multiplex PCR from 34 C. perfringens isolates from goat in Guizhou Province, China. Then a pair of specific primers was designed and synthesized according to the published cpe gene, and the complete cpe gene was amplified from the genomic DNA of the cpe-positive C. perfringens isolate. The PCR product was cloned into pMD18-T vectors and transformed into competent cell DH5a. The recombinant plasmid was identified …

Dust And Endotoxin In Laying Hen Dwellings, Kristina Matkovic, Marija Vucemilo, Bara Vinkovic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Only healthy laying hens are capable of producing an average of 280 eggs in 1 year of exploitation. Production of consume eggs takes place in intensive housing systems where the laying hens are still mainly kept in cages under controlled conditions. Technical infrastructure and hygiene quality do not guarantee a production atmosphere completely free from pollutants, including potential pathological risk factors. Laying hens and farm workers are exposed to large quantities of bioaerosols in henhouses. Bioaerosols represent a mixture of different biological particles which can, under certain circumstances, cause health and welfare problems in animals. The most important components are …

Short Term Effects Of Genistein On The Testes Of Quail (Coturnix Coturnix), Meli̇ke Belkiz Erkan, Serap Eki̇nci̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Although there have been a number of studies on the effects of phytoestrogens, especially genistein, on testes, its effects on the testis tissue of birds have not been studied yet. The present study aims to reveal the effects of genistein on quail testes through the use of histological and immunohistochemical methods. In the study, a total of 64 male quails (Coturnix coturnix) were used, each of which was 50 days old. Three different doses of genistein were administered by gavage to the separate groups at intervals of 15 and 30 days. According to the results of the histological analysis and …

The Effect Of Oxytocin And Cloprostenol Application Via Umbilical Artery Immediately After Dystocia On Time And Rate Of Fetal Membrane Removal In Cows, Yaşar Akar, Ömer Kizil, Nevzat Saat, Murat Yüksel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the effects of oxytocin and cloprostenol application via umbilical artery on the time and rate of fetal membrane removal in cows with dystocia immediately after parturition. Metabolic profiles indicated certain serum biochemical parameters that were also determined in the cows. The study was performed on 60 cows with dystocia. All of the cows were randomly divided into 3 equal subgroups. The first group was injected with 100 IU oxytocin, while the second group was treated with 0.15 mg cloprostenol and the third group (the control group) received 10 mL 0.9% NaCl …

The Influence Of Egg Shell Crack Types On Hatchability And Chick Quality, Mozhdeh Moosanezhad Khabisi, Ahmad Salahi, Seyed Naser Mousavi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Fertile eggs were obtained from a commercial flock of Ross broiler breeders (51 weeks old) and candled to determine the presence of hairline or star cracks. Eggs (5400 total) were assigned in equal numbers to 3 treatments (hairline-cracked, star-cracked, and normal eggs) and incubated for 21 days. Upon hatching, 10 chicks per treatment were euthanized, and organ weights were measured. Compared with normal eggs, the presence of egg shell cracks (regardless of type) resulted in higher egg weight loss at the time of transfer; a decrease in hatchability, hatch of fertile eggs, chick length, yolk-free body mass (P < 0.01), and percentage of hatchling breast and liver weight (P < 0.05); and an increase in the contamination rate of eggs (P < 0.01). Weight loss in hairline-cracked eggs was significantly higher than in star-cracked eggs (P < 0.001). Percentage hatchability and body weight of chicks hatched from star-cracked eggs was higher than in chicks from hairline-cracked eggs (P < 0.001). Crack type did not have a significant effect on chick length and body weight uniformity; however, the Pasgar score as a quality indicator was higher in chicks hatched from star-cracked eggs than those from hairline-cracked eggs (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among treatments in terms of heart and small intestine weight. The contamination rate of hairline-cracked eggs was higher than that of star-cracked (P < 0.01). A higher incidence of embryonic mortality was observed during days 1-8 of incubation for shell-cracked eggs (P < 0.001). Total embryonic mortality in hairline-cracked, star-cracked, and normal eggs was 51.1%, 36.6%, and 13.3%, respectively. This study showed that egg shell cracks reduced incubation parameters and chick quality. The negative effects of hairline cracks were more pronounced than those of star cracks.

The Effect Of Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures On Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity In A Rat Model Of Preeclampsia, Mutlu Küçük, Mehmet Kaya, Nurcan Orhan, Oğuzhan Eki̇zoğlu, Erol Arslan, Nadi̇r Arican, Rabi̇a Candan Gürses, İmdat Elmas, Ri̇vaze Kalayci, Bülent Ahishali

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in preeclampsia/eclampsia have not been elucidated. This study investigated the effect of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures on the functional and structural properties of the BBB during N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension and proteinuria in pregnant rats. Animals were treated with L-NAME for 10 days, beginning on day 10 of pregnancy. The BBB permeability was determined by measurements of sodium fluorescein (NaFlu) extravasation into the brain. Occludin and aquaporin (AQP)-4 immunoreactivities were evaluated in brain sections. Severe proteinuria and significantly increased arterial blood pressure were observed following L-NAME treatment. PTZ-induced seizures in pregnant …

The Detection Of Classical Enterotoxins Of Staphylococcus Aureus In Raw Cow Milk Using The Elisa Method, Ebrahim Rahimi, Hassan Momtaz, Amir Shakerian, Hamid Reza Kavyani

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Milk and dairy products are frequently contaminated with exterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus, which is often involved in Staphylococcal food poisoning. The aim of the present study is to investigate the presence of classical enterotoxins of S. aureus in raw milk that was produced in Isfahan, Iran. For this purpose, 72 milk samples were collected from the bulk milk tanks of 12 milking farms during 3 different seasons (winter, spring, and summer) and tested for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Out of 72 samples studied, 15 samples (20.8%) were positive for at least 1 …

Hemodynamic Effects Of Fluid Resuscitation With 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch And Whole Blood In Experimental Hypovolemic Shock In Beagle Dogs, Jae Jin Ko, Md. Rafiqul Alam, Nam Soo Kim

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The short-term effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and whole blood (WB) resuscitations in hypovolemic shock (HS) on invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic variables were studied from the clinical point of view in 20 mature healthy male Beagle dogs. After anesthesia, the animals were randomly divided into 2 groups, HES (n = 10) and WB (n = 10), and were surgically instrumented with an arterial catheter and a thermodilution cardiac output catheter. For induction of HS, the right carotid artery was catheterized and approximately 40% of the blood volume was drawn over a period of 30 min, until a mean arterial …