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Growing South Dakota (Winter 2015), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue includes the 2014 SDSU Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report.

[Page] 2 AES Director’s Message
[Page] 3 Better Beans: Innovative Research Seeks To Increase Soybean’s Nitrogen-Fixing Ability
[Page] 6 Bioprocessing Adds Value: Researchers Turn Agricultural Residue Into Energy Storage Material
[Page] 8 Protecting Water Quality: Conservation Practices Minimize Erosion, Surface Runoff
[Page] 10 Balancing Ag & Wildlife: Cover Crop Food Plots Help Manage Deer Population
[Page] 11 Industry Insight: Beef Consumers Get Information From Websites, Social Media
[Page] 12 Evaluating Efficiency: Swine Nutritional Studies Underway; New Facility Will Allow For Expanded Research
[Page] 14 SDSU Hosts National Ag Leaders …

The Genetic Diversity Of Both Fecb Gene And Microsatellite Gc101is Associated With Reproduction Selection In Sheep, Zhangyuan Pan, Baoyun Zhang, Wenping Hu, Ran Di, Qiuyue Liu, Xiangyu Wang, Dehua Yin, Pingqing Wang, Mingxing Chu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aims of study were to reveal the changes in genetic diversity in reproduction selection of sheep. Genetic polymorphisms of microsatellite GC101 locus and its linkage with the FecB gene were detected in Chinese local sheep (Small Tail Han and Hu sheep) and western sheep (Texel and Dorset) breeds. There was the same FecB mutation (A746G) in both Small Tail Han and Hu sheep as that in Booroola Merino ewes, but not in Texel and Dorset sheep. Seven alleles, from 192 bp to 210 bp, and 20 genotypes were detected at the GC101 locus in 447 individuals totally. The preponderant …

False Positive Results Using Pcr Detection Method For African Swinefever Virus In Wild Boars From Northern Romanian Hunting Zones, Vlad Petrovan, Laura Buburuzan, Mihaela Zaulet

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an acute virus with a tropism for the pig macrophage and the ability to persist. In the absence of a vaccine, a good understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of the disease is fundamental to implement effective control measures. The recent occurrence and spread of ASFV in East Europe is perceived as a serious risk for the pig industry in the European Union. The aim of this study was to evaluate the classic detection method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total number of 107 wild boar blood, tissues, and organs samples were collected …

Comparison Of In Vitro And In Vivo Antibacterial Efficacy For The Control Of Flavobacterium Psychrophilum In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)Fry: The First Genotypical Evidence In West Aegean Region Of Turkey, Murat Boyacioğlu, Cavi̇t Kum, Şükrü Kirkan, Seli̇m Sekki̇n, Uğur Parin, Ümi̇t Karademi̇r, Ferda Akar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum and to examine the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of enrofloxacin (ENR), doxycycline (DOX), and florfenicol (FFC) treatment in rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) against F. Psychrophilum. A total of 220 naturally infected rainbow trout fry were examined and 26 bacterial isolates were phenotypically and genotypically identified. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ENR, DOX, and FFC were determined. ENR was the most active, with an MIC for 90% of the isolates (MIC90) of 4 µg/mL. DOX was less active, with an MIC90 of 32 µg/mL …

Effects Of Probiotics, Oligosaccharides, And Berberine Combinationson Growth Performance Of Pigs, Guoge Fan, Juan Chang, Qingqiang Yin, Xiao Wang, Xiaowei Dang

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In order to find alternative feed additives to replace antibiotics for safe animal production, combinations of probiotics, oligosaccharides, and berberine were used in this study. Ninety 60-day-old pigs were assigned to 9 groups, with 10 pigs for each group. Group 1 was the control, group 2 had antibiotics added, and groups 3-9 had different levels of combinations added. The experimental period was 60 days. The results indicated that average daily gain and feed conversion ratio had no significant differences among the 9 groups (P > 0.05); however, the diarrhea rates in the control group and the high probiotic groups with low …

Effects Of Duck Feed Supplemented With Invasive Giant Salvinia(Salvinia Molesta) On Duck Meat Characteristics, Bambang Dwiloka, Agus Setiadi, Siswanto Imam Santoso, Edjeng Suprijatna, Siti Susanti

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present work was designed to study the potency of Salvinia molesta (SM) as feedstuff influencing meat characteristics in ducks for the first time. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermented (FSM) and nonfermented (NFSM) SM powder as a duck feed supplement on the lipid composition (fat, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels) and fatty acid profile of duck meat, as well as its protein and water content. This study included eighty 4-week-old ducks, which were assigned at random to 2 groups based on treatment: basal diets (control) and supplementation with SM (15% NFSM, 15% FSM, 17.5% …

The Effects Of Post-Exercise Consumption Of A Kefir Beverage On Performance And Recovery During Intensive Endurance Training, Keely Virginia O'Brien

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study was designed to determine whether kefir accentuates the positive health benefits assessed by measures in fitness and/or body composition, as a measure of cardiovascular disease risk as well as the biomarker c-reactive protein. Sixty-seven adult males and females aged 18-35 years were assigned to one of four groups: 1) endurance training + control beverage, 2) endurance training + kefir beverage, 3) active control + control beverage or 4) active control + kefir beverage. The exercise groups completed 15 weeks of structured endurance training while the active control groups maintained their usual exercise routine. Baseline physiological and exercise measurements …

Stable Isotopes In Seabirds, Kimberly Gosciak

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Seabirds are a highly endangered group of vertebrates; they are more threatened than any other group of bird. However, the Common Murre is one species that is showing an increasing population trend; I found that Common Murres have shown a significant increase in δ¹⁵N since 1994, in contrast to the threatened Marbled Murrelet, which has a similar biology but has shown decreasing δ¹⁵ N values that typically correlate with declining population size. This is potentially due to sexual dimorphism that allows for the Common Murre to fill a larger niche. While I found no statistical difference between …

Status Reports Of The Fisheries And Aquatic Resources Of Western Australia 2014/15. State Of The Fisheries, W.J Fletcher, K. Santoro

Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

The Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of Western Australia (SRFAR) provide the public with an annual update on the state of the fish stocks and other aquatic resources of Western Australia (WA) managed by the Department of Fisheries (Department). These reports outline the most recent assessments of the cumulative risk status for each of the aquatic resources (assets) within WA’s six Bioregions using an Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) approach.

Morphology And Phylogeny Of The Sea Anemone Stichodactyla Haddoni(Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) From Chabahar Bay, Iran, Gilan Attaran Fariman, Pegah Javid, Arash Shakouri

Turkish Journal of Zoology

????Carpet anemones of the genus Stichodactyla are characterized by having no calcium carbonate skeleton, being flattened with rather short tentacles, being exclusively tropical, and being hosts for clown fish species. Most of the species belonging to this genus, however, are often very similar morphologically; thus, identification by external features is rather difficult. In this study, we have described the morphology and phylogenetic affinities of a carpet anemone species collected from Chabahar Bay. Although the Iranian species showed different coloration patterns within the same geographical area, they strongly resemble Stichodactyla haddoni Saville-Kent, 1893 in having short tentacles densely covering the undulated …

Prozercon Banazensis Sp. Nov. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Zerconidae),A New Species Of Zerconid Mite From Turkey, With A New Record, Raşi̇t Urhan, Mehmet Karaca, Eli̇f Hi̇lal Duran

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, Prozercon banazensis sp. Nov. İs described and illustrated from female and deutonymph specimens collected in Kütahya and Uşak provinces (Turkey). Morphological features of P. Morazae Ujvári, 2011, which is a new record for the Turkish fauna, are also given with drawings. Information on habitat and distribution for each species is also provided.

A First Overview Of The Fauna Of Chloropidae Of Iran (Diptera, Acalyptratae), Zeinab Bazyar, Abu Fazel Dousti, Michael Von Tschirnhaus, Majid Fallahzadeh

Turkish Journal of Zoology

We present recent findings of Chloropidae in Iran and a first list of the Iranian species of this family. It includes 20 genera and 50 species (39 identified to species level), recorded up until 2014. Some European distribution records not included in Fauna Europaea are added. The courtship behavior of Polyodaspis sulcicollis is described for the first time.

Abrolophus Balkanicus Sp. Nov. From Montenegro, With Redescriptions Of A. Stanislavae (Haitlinger, 1986) And A. Wratislaviensis (Haitlinger, 1986) And Notes On A. Podorasensis (Haitlinger, 2007) (Acari: Erythraeidae), Ryszard Haitlinger, Miloje Sundic

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Abrolophus balkanicus sp. Nov. İs described and illustrated from larvae collected in Montenegro. Abrolophus stanislavae (Haitlinger) and A. Wratislaviensis (Haitlinger) are redescribed. New metric data for A. Podorasensis (Haitlinger) are given. A. Podorasensis is new to the fauna of Montenegro and A. Stanislavae is new to the fauna of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Description Of The Previously Unknown Female Of Drassodes Bifidus Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) From Turkey, Osman Seyyar, Hakan Demi̇r, Tuncay Türkeş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Drassodes bifidus Kovblyuk and Seyyar, 2009, previously known only from one male from southern Turkey (Alanya District, Antalya Province), is redescribed on the basis of newly collected materials. The female of Drassodes bifidus is described for the first time. Illustrations, description, and distribution are presented.

A Contribution To The Kleptoparasitic Bees Of Turkey: Part I.,The Genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), Hi̇kmet Özbek, Petr Bogusch, Jakub Straka

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The present study was carried out to determine the occurrence and distribution of the kleptoparasitic bee genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) of Turkey. The material comprises samples collected from various parts of Turkey since the 1960s and certain private collections in Europe. The examination of the material and an overview of the published sources allowed us to reach the conclusion that Sphecodes of Turkey is represented by 33 species. Of these, Sphecodes crassanus Warncke, 1992 and S. Majalis Pérez, 1903 are new records for Turkey as well the Asian continent. Sphecodes alternatus Smith 1853, S. Ephippius (Linnaeus, 1767), S. Gibbus …

New Host And New Records Of Charipinae(Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) From Iran, Mar Ferrer Suay, Jesus Selfa, Ehsan Rakhshani, Elham Nader, Juli Pujade Villar

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Charipinae material collected from various localities in Iran was studied. A total of 712 specimens have been determined in 8 species: Alloxysta arcuata (Kieffer, 1902), A. Brevis (Thomson, 1862), A. Circumscripta (Hartig, 1841), A. Citripes (Thomson, 1862), A. Darci (Girault, 1933), A. Mullensis (Cameron, 1883), A. Pusilla (Kieffer, 1902), and Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841). Alloxysta circumscripta and A. Darci are cited for the first time from Iran. In total, 91 host associations (Charipinae-Aphidiinae-Aphid-host plant) are recorded, of which 23 are new to science. New trophic relationships are also recorded for Iran for A. Brevis, A. Mullensis, and P. Villosa. Diagnoses, …

Testing The Habitat Selectivity Of Bdelloid Rotifers In A Restricted Area, Murat Kaya, Sevi̇l Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

each habitat (ANOSIM: R = 0.40, P = 0.001).

Contributions To Subfamily Otitinae (Diptera: Ulidiidae) Fauna Ofturkey With Four New Recordsseda Mesci̇*, Abdullah Hasbenli̇department Of Biology, Faculty Of Science, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey, Seda Mesci̇, Abdullah Hasbenli̇

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, specimens were collected from different cities in Turkey during the years 1992-2006. Seven species of 4 genera belonging to Otitinae (Diptera: Ulidiidae) were identified. Four species [Dorycera caucasica Hendel, 1910; Ceroxys urticae (Linnaeus, 1758); Herina lugubris (Meigen, 1826); and Otites formosa (Panzer, 1798)] are new records for the Turkish fauna. The distributions of these species are mapped. In addition, wing photographs of species given in this study are provided.

Two New Records Of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) For The Fauna Ofaksaray And Mersin Provinces, Mehmet Yaran, Murat Kütük

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was based on fruit flies collected from Aksaray and Mersin provinces in spring and summer of 2012-2013. During the study, samples were collected from host plants randomly or systematically by using an insect net. In the study, 62 species belonging to 21 genera from 5 subfamilies have been determined, and Dioxyna sororcula and Terellia ivannikovi have been recorded for the first time in Turkey. In addition, adult figures of new records and wing figures of all species are given.

Tachinidae (Diptera) Species Of Sakarya Province (Turkey), With 2 New Recordstarık Balkan, Kenan Kara, Turgut Atay* Department Of Plant Protection, Faculty Of Agriculture, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey, Tarik Balkan, Kenan Kara, Turgut Atay

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was carried out to determinate the Tachinidae fauna of Sakarya Province in 2012 and 2013. Tachinids were collected in the region by sweeping with nets from various plants. As a result of this study, 7 genera and 8 species belonging to the subfamily of Exoristinae, 5 genera and 5 species belonging to the subfamily of Tachininae, 2 genera and 2 species belonging to the subfamily of Dexiinae, and 4 genera and 6 species belonging to the subfamily of Phasiinae were found. Two species among them, Meigenia incana (Fallen, 1810) and Exorista civilis (Rondani, 1859), were recorded for the …

New Records For Turkish Tachinidae (Diptera) Fauna From Erciyes Mountain, Kayseri, Turgut Atay, Kenan Kara, Mustafa Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Four Tachinidae species were recorded for the first time in Turkey. They are Aphria longirostris, Belida angelicae, Winthemia quadripustulata, and Nowickia rondanii.

Taxonomic Study Of Subfamily Scymninae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)With One New Record From Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, Muhammad Ashfaque, Farman Ullah, Muhammad Ather Rafi, Falak Naz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The fauna of the subfamily Scymninae (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) of Gilgit-Baltistan was explored and studied. This study confirmed the occurrence of 4 species in 2 genera of Scymninae. These include 2 species in genus Scymnus (S. Posticalis Sicard, 1913 and S. Nubilus Mulstant, 1850), and 2 species in genus Stethorus (Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulstant, 1850) and S. Pauperculus (Weise, 1895)). Among these 4 species, S. Posticalis Sicard is reported here as a new record from the study area. A description of each species is given, along with color plates of adult specimens and genitalia. Remarks pertaining to taxonomic discussion, history, taxon status, …

Factors Affecting The Diet Of The Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes) In A Heterogeneousmediterranean Landscape, Dimitrios Bakaloudis, Vasileios Bontzorlos, Christos Vlachos, Malamati Papakosta, Evanggelos Chatzinikos, Sotirios Braziotis, Vasileios Kontsiotis

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The diet of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) has been well studied in Europe, but limited information exists about its feeding habits in Greece and in other Mediterranean landscapes. We studied the diet variation of the red fox by analyzing contents from 219 red fox stomachs in central Greece from 2003 to 2005. We used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and quasi-distribution generalized linear model (GLM) response curves to investigate whether the trophic groups of the red fox diet varied temporally and/or spatially with environmental factors. Mammals, arthropods, and plants were the most important trophic groups in the diet; in particular, …

An Observation Of Haversian Systems In Stellagama Stellio (Linnaeus, 1758)(Squamata: Sauria: Agamidae) In Barla/Isparta, Turkeymeltem Kumaş1,*, Dinçer Ayaz21department Of Histology And Embryology, Faculty Of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbul, Turkey2section Of Zoology, Department Of Biology, Faculty Of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey, Meltem Kumaş, Di̇nçer Ayaz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

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Herpetofauna Of The Lake District Around Burdur, Oğuzhan Ege, Batuhan Yaman Yakin, Cemal Varol Tok

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study investigated the amphibian and reptilian fauna of the Lake District around Burdur, Turkey. A total of 21 amphibian and reptile species were identified, consisting of two anurans, two turtles, one tortoise, seven lizards, and nine snakes. A zoogeographical assessment was also carried out in which the chorotypes and the IUCN criteria of the species were added.

Additional Evidence And New Records Of The Genus Bracon Fabricius,1804 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) In Southern Iran, Ali Ameri, Ali Asghar Talebi, Ehsan Rakhshani, Ahmet Beyarslan, Karim Kamali

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The present contribution is based on the genus Bracon Fabricius, 1804 collected from the southern part of Iran during 2010-2013. A total of 10 species belonging to 6 subgenera were collected and identified, of which 2 subgenera (Ophthalmobracon Tobias, 1957, and Osculobracon) and 6 species are recorded for the first time from Iran. The newly recorded species from Iran are as follows: Bracon (Glabrobracon) ahngeri Telenga, 1936; Bracon (Habrobracon) didemie (Beyarslan, 2002); Bracon (Ophthalmobracon) ophthalmicus Telenga, 1933; Bracon (Osculobracon) erzurumiensis Beyarslan, 2002; Bracon (Osculobracon) osculator Nees 1811; and Bracon (Glabrobracon) obscurator Nees, 1811. Geographical distributions of all species and diagnostic …

Intensity And Prevalence Of Some Crustacean Fish Parasites Inturkey And Their Molecular Identification, Aki̇f Er, Şevki̇ Kayiş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In the present study, intensity, prevalence, and some pathologic effects of Caligus minimus, Nerocila spp., and Livoneca punctata on fishes extending from the eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey were determined. In addition, besides morphological characters of parasites, diagnosis of the species was carried out by using a molecular method (polymerase chain reaction) in characterization. Caligus minimus was isolated for the first time from wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey. Seasonal distribution of Nerocila spp. Was determined. The highest prevalence rates of Nerocila were determined on snouted sole (Pegusa nasuta, syn. Solea nasuta) …

Helminths Of The Digestive Tract In Buteo Buteo (Falconiformes: Falconidae)In Bursa Province Of Northwest Turkey, Mehmet Tezel, Ahmet Onur Gi̇ri̇şgi̇n, Sezen Bi̇rli̇k, Hi̇kmet Sami̇ Yildirimhan, Bayram Şenli̇k

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Raptors can be parasitized by numerous helminth species due to their feeding behavior. When the parasite load is high, the bird's life can be affected. A total of 21 common buzzards, Buteo buteo, from different districts of Bursa, in Northwest Turkey, were examined for helminth infections. The results of the postmortem examination revealed that 15 of 21 buzzards (71.43%) harbored 1 or more helminth species. Seven species/genera of helminths were detected at the following prevalence rates: ascarid larvae (47.62%), Strigea falconis (38.09%), Neodiplostomum attenuatum (33.33%), Cladotaenia globifera (14.29%), Centrorhynchus amphibius (14.29%), Physaloptera alata (9.52%), and Synhimantus laticeps (4.76%). The most …

Allometry Of Head Size And Shape Dimorphism In The Grass Snake (Natrix Natrix L.), Bartosz Borczyk

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was conducted to investigate allometry of head growth patterns in the grass snake (Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758)). Although male and female grass snakes differ in relative head size, their head growth patterns follow similar trajectories. The sexual differences are roughly constant during ontogeny. Most head dimensions grow with negative allometry or isometry with respect to the snout?vent length except head width, which grows with positive allometry in both sexes.

Four New Records For The Spider Fauna Of Turkey (Araneae: Salticidae), İlhan Coşar

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Four Salticidae spider species, Euophrys sulphurea (L. Koch, 1867), Neon levis (Simon, 1871), Pellenes brevis (Simon, 1868), and Sibianor aurocinctus (Ohlert, 1865), are recorded for the first time from Turkey. Their morphology is briefly described and illustrated.