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Characteristics Of Reduced Fat Milks As Influenced By The Incorporation Of Folic Acid, Kamalesh Achanta

LSU Master's Theses

Folic acid plays an important role in the prevention of neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly, heart defects, facial clefts, urinary abnormalities and limb deficiencies. Milk and milk products serve as a potential source for folic acid fortification due to the presence of folate binding proteins which seem to be involved in the folate bioavailability. Though milk is a not a good source of folic acid, fortification could help in the prevention of the above mentioned defects. The objective of this study was to examine the physico-chemical characteristics of reduced fat milks fortified with folic acid. Reduced …

Amino Acid Requirements And Low Crude Protein, Amino Acid Supplemented Diets For Swine And Poultry, Dustin Wade Dean

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to determine requirements for amino acids that limit the use of crystalline amino acids, to determine the effects of reducing crude protein, and to evaluate the problems associated with low crude protein diets for swine and poultry. Four experiments were conducted to determine the Lys and sulfur amino acid requirements for 5- to 10-kg pigs. The results of these experiments suggest pigs in this weight range require a diet containing 1.40% true digestible (TD) Lys and the ratio of sulfur amino acids to Lys is not greater than 0.54. Two experiments were conducted to …

The Effect Of Prostaglandin Inhibitor On Pregnancy Rates Of Heifer Embryo Transfer Recipients, Jared William Mcnaughtan

Theses and Dissertations

Manipulation of the reproductive tract results in increased levels of prostaglandin, which may, in turn, reduce pregnancy rates in embryo recipients. Administration of a prostaglandin inhibitor prior to embryo transfer improves pregnancy rates in cows. Embryo transfer into heifers is more difficult and often requires additional manipulation of the uterus. This study was designed to determine whether administration of the prostaglandin inhibitor, flunixin meglumine, immediately prior to embryo transfer increases pregnancy rates in heifers. Heifers (n=466) were divided into two equal groups based on BCS (range=6-7) and weight (range=256-455). Estrus was synchronized in heifers by giving two injections of prostaglandin …

Size Matters: A Test Of Boldness In Eight Populations Of The Poeciliid Brachyraphis Episcopi, Culum Brown, Victoria Braithwaite

Sentience Collection

Individual variation in behaviour within populations may be explained in part by demographics and long-term, stable individual psychological differences. We examined the relation between boldness (taken as the time to emerge from a shelter and explore a novel environment) and body size in eight populations of the poeciliid Brachyraphis episcopi originating from sites upstream and downstream of waterfalls in four rivers that run into the Panama Canal. The relation between body size and time to emerge from a shelter was positive, with larger fish taking longer to emerge. This relation differed between downstream and upstream sites, being significant in the …

Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2004, Zelpha B. Johnson, D. Wayne Kellogg

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Fish & Wildlife News: Fall 2004

Fish and Wildlife News

Contents:

2004 Federal Duck Stamp Contest: And the Winner Is...
Ducks Unlimited Signs on to License Duck Stamp
United States Reauthorizes North American Waterfowl Management Plan
Fish Passage Program Booms
Prescribed Fire Cuts Insurance Premiums
A Raven’s Story Echoes in Cyberspace
Reining In the “Horsemen”
Hurricanes Slash the Southeast
Congress to Help Cover Storm Damage
Partnerships x 7: Federal Land Management Agency Head Roundtable
Piper Honored At Bozeman Fish Technology Center Dedication
First Habitat Conservation Plan Gets Checkup
Refuge Hunting and Fishing Poised For Increase
Keeping Historic Waterways Invasive-Free
Partner’s Ranch Becomes Torstenson Family Wildlife Center
Environmental Justice for All …

Apparent Sibling Rivalry In The Freshwater Clam Sphaerium Striatinum, Mark Beekey, Ronald H. Karlson

Biology Faculty Publications

In Sphaerium striatinum, a freshwater brooding bivalve, up to 97.5% of offspring that adults initially produce fail to reach independence. Marsupial sacs, specialized extensions of gill filaments that act as nurseries, initially contain multiple offspring in various sizes and stages of development. However, by the time offspring reach later stages of development, marsupial sacs typically contain only one offspring. Brood mortality is hypothesized to be the result of competition among embryos for nutrients and/or space. Sphaeriid eggs do not contain enough yolk for offspring to complete development. Adults supply additional nutrients required to reach independence. Brood capacity is limited by …

National Program Assessment, Animal Health: 2000-2004, Cyril G. Gay

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

National Program Assessments are conducted every five-years through the organization of one or more workshop. Workshops allow the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) to periodically update the vision and rationale of each National Program and assess the relevancy, effectiveness, and responsiveness of ARS research. The National Program Staff (NPS) at ARS organizes National Program Workshops to facilitate the review and simultaneously provide an opportunity for customers, stakeholders, and partners to assess the progress made through the National Program and provide input for future modifications to the National Program or the National Program’s research agenda. A workshop for Animal Health has been …

Fisheries Research Contract Report No. 8 - The Nutritional Management Of Barramundi, Brett Glencross

Fisheries Research Contract Reports

Barramundi nutrition research has been undertaken since 1988. Since that time the requirements for most nutrients, energy demand, ingredient utilisation and the effects of nutrition on flesh quality aspects have all been examined to varying extents.

Optimal protein content of diets has been shown to vary with diet energy density and also the size of fish which are being fed. Most studies have suggested a protein requirement from 45% to 55%. For small fish a protein to energy ratio of 25 to 30 g/MJ is suggested. Limited work has been done on fish larger than 500 g. The 10 essential …

Agribusiness Sheep Updates - 2004 Part 2, Anyou Liu, Clinton Revell, Phil Nichols, Brad Nutt, Darryl Clements, Lucy Anderton, Stephen Gherardi, Chris Oldham, Paul Sanford, John Gladman, G. E. Donald, A. Edirisinghe, D. A. Henry, S. P. Gittins, R. C. G. Smith, Roy Butler, Kelly Pearce, David Masters, David Pethick, Andrew Thompson, Ken Hart, Johan Greeff, Beth Paganoni, Rachel Kirby, Matt Ryan, Kira Butler, Roger Heggarty, David Hopkins, Samantha Giles, Tom Plaisted, Mark Ferguson, Darren Gordon, John Young, Sandra Brown, Ian Mcfarland, John Archer, John Milton, Rob Davidson, Graeme Martin, David Lindsay, Johnathan England, Mandy Curnow, Karina P. Wood, Ashley K. White, B. Lloyd Davies, Paul M. Carberry, Mark Hyder, Mike Freer, Andrew Van Burgel, Kazue Tanaka, Andrew Peterson, Roger Wiese, Gonzalo Mata, Evan Burt, Amanda Miller, Anne Bennett, Felicity Flugge, Amir Abadi, Perry Dolling, Dean Thomas, Mike Ewing, David Lindsay, Emma Kopke, E. A. Dowling, E. K. Crossley, Brien (Ben) E. Norton, John Karlsson, Geoff Pollott, Diana Fedorenko, Darryl Clements, Robert Beard, Brown Besier, Una Ryan, Caroline Bath

Sheep Updates

Precision Pastures

Using Species Diversity to Improve Pasture Performance Anyou Liu and Clinton Revell, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia

New Annual Pasture Legumes for Sheep Graziers Phil Nichols, Angelo Loi, Brad Nutt and Darryl McClements Department of Agriculture Western Australia

Pastures from Space – Can Satellite Estimates of Pasture Growth Rate be used to Increase Farm Profit? Lucy Anderton, Stephen Gherardi and Chris Oldham Department of Agriculture Western Australia

Summer-active Perennial Grasses for Profitable Sheep Production Paul Sanford and John Gladman, Department of Agriculture, Western Australia

Pastures From Space – Validation Of Predictions Of Pasture Growth Rates DONALD, G.E^{.A …}

Agribusiness Sheep Updates - 2004 - Part 1, Mark Dolling, Len Stephens, David Thomanson, Norm Adams, Shimim Liu, Peter Buchman, Mike Paton, Dianne Evans, John Edwards, Scott Champion, Alan Langford, A. C. Schlink, J. C. Greeff, M. E. Ladyman, Kimbal M. S. Curtis, John Stanton, Stuart Adams, Neal Fogarty, Matthew Kelly, James Skerritt, Ian Mcfarland

Sheep Updates

Proceedings of the Agribusiness Sheep Updates - 2004 Forward Dr Mark Dolling Manager, Sheep Industries and Pasture, Department of Agriculture Western Australia Keynotes Australian Wool Innovation Limited DR LEN STEPHENS AUSTRALIAN WOOL INNOVATION LIMITED (AWI) Commercialisation of Sheepmeat Eating Quality Outcomes, David Thomason, General Manger Marketing Meat & livestock Australia Limited PLENARY The Fitness of the Future Merino, Norm Adams and Shimin Liu, CSIRO Livestock Industries Ovine Johne’s Disease – Managing the Disease, Managing the Issues, PETER BUCKMAN, CHIEF VETERINARY OFFICER, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WESTERN AUSTRALIA Animal Welfare – Changes in Latitudes Changes in Attitudes, Michael Paton and Dianne Evans, …

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Summer 2004

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

Setting the Cornerposts of Tomorrow’s Beef Industry
Animal Science Leadership Academy
From the Department Head’s Desk
Meat Scientists Share International Prize
Animal Science Alum CEO of Societies
BSE – Its Impact on the Cattle Industry
Federal CAFO Laws Change After 30 Years
Pork Industry Study Tour
Bud Britton Golf Classic
Animal Science Graduate Student Association (ASGSA)
ASGSA Activities
Animal Science Emeritus Professor Passes Away: Charles Henry “Charlie” Adams
College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Establishes Alumni Association
College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Establishes Alumni Association
Animal Science Faculty Member Passes Away: Dave C. Williams, Jr.
Animal Science Graduate …

2003 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Pressurized Hot Water And Dtpa-Sorbitol, Viable Alternatives For Soil Boron Extraction, Amanda Kathryn Shiffler

Theses and Dissertations

Pressurized hot water and DTPA-Sorbitol are two relatively new soil boron (B) extraction methods with potential to replace the cumbersome hot water extraction. The objective of this research is to produce data in support of acceptance or rejection of these two alternative B extractions. The three soil tests were used to extract B from samples of calcareous sand and silt loam and limed, loamy fine sand treated with 10 levels of B and incubated for 7 and 28 d. As B application increased so did extractable B with each extraction method. High correlations (r of 0.977 to 0.999) were observed …

Compositions And Methods For Enhancing Fiber Digestion, Juan Tricárico, Karl A. Dawson

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Patents

Methods and enzyme supplements for enhancing fiber digestion in mammals and birds are described. The supplement comprises an effective amount of acetyl esterase, formulated for feeding to animals consuming significant percentages of forages in the diet. The compositions of this invention improve dry matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance rates, and are useful dietary supplements for improving fiber digestion. The compositions of this invention may be utilized alone or in combination with known exogenous fibrolytic enzyme supplement to improve fiber digestion in mammals and birds. The acetyl esterase advantageously used in the compositions and methods of the present invention is …

Bioguided Processing: A Paradigm Change In Food Production, Robert E. Ward, Heribert J. Watzke, Rafael Jiménez-Flores, J. Bruce German

Dairy Science

The effort to sequence the human genome, and subsequently to make the results publicly available, has created a new paradigm in the biological sciences. Now that we have access to the blueprint of our very structure and those of organisms from viruses to plants to animals, a mechanistic understanding of all the processes involved in our growth and metabolism is possible. Characterization of the genetic differences among us is underway, and should provide the information basis for a new approach to individual health. The challenge to the food industry will be to create product lines that will address individual dietary …

The Influence Of Environmental Temperature And Substrate Initial Moisture Content On Aspergillus Niger Growth And Phytase Production In Solid−State Cultivation, Seaborn B. Carter, Sue E. Nokes, Czarena L. Crofcheck

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Aspergillus niger is being used commercially for phytase production utilizing solid-state cultivation; however, no studies have been published that investigated the optimal environmental temperature and initial substrate water content to maximize fungal growth and/or phytase production. Solid-state cultivations of Aspergillus niger on wheat bran and soybean meal were conducted at three temperatures (25°C, 30°C, and 35°C) and three initial moisture contents (50%, 55%, and 60% wet basis) in a split-plot full-factorial experimental design. Fermentations were conducted for 0, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h. The containers were sampled destructively and assayed for phytase activity and glucosamine concentration as an estimate …

Feeding Behavior Of Sheep In Relation To Kinetics Of Sagebrush Monoterpenes: Implications For Landscape Biodiversity, Luthando E. Dziba

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The sagebrush steppe is one of the most extensive vegetation types in the western US and an important habitat for wild and domestic herbivores. When sagebrush dominates, however, forage and habitat quality decline. Although sagebrush is nutritious, its forage value is reduced by terpenes. A better understanding of how terpenes limit intake is vital for increasing consumption of sagebrush and for enhancing and maintaining biodiversity in the sagebrush-steppe.

To better understand how terpenes in sagebrush limit intake, we studied feeding behavior of sheep in the field, influence of sagebrush monoterpenes on regulation of intake in pens, and the feeding behavior …

Ox Yokes: Culture, Comfort And Animal Welfare, Andrew (Drew) B. Conroy

Faculty Publications

Three yoking systems are used globally to capture the power of oxen. These are the head yoke, withers yoke, and neck yoke. Each system has its strengths and weaknesses, with culture and cattle playing a role in the adoption and use of each system. The neck yoke system offers important lessons in understanding animal comfort and yoke design. Despite its success, the neck yoke should not be universally adopted, nor should it be universally promoted. However ignoring the lessons learned in North America over the last 400 years would ignore animals and teamsters who perfected this system and learned to …

Management Intensive Grazing Systems And The Environment, Rhonda Miller, Jennifer W. Macadam, Rich Koenig

Agriculture

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Anuran Species Richness Between Primary And Secondary Forest In São Francisco Do Pará, Michael Reichert

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Deforestation in the Amazon has become a serious conservation issue. The process of destruction of primary forest results in the creation of secondary forest that differs from primary forest in a number of important ways. Anurans (frogs and toads) are one group that may be affected by the loss of primary forest and creation of secondary forest areas, and are an important focus for conservation efforts. Previous studies on anuran reactions to loss of primary forest have been few and inconclusive. This study examined anuran species richness in an area of primary and secondary forest in order to determine whether …

Management Intensive Grazing Systems And The Environment, Rhonda Miller, Jennifer W. Macadam, Rich Koenig

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

2004 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Age-Of-Dam Adjustment Factors For Birth And Weaning Weight Records Of Beef Cattle: A Review, Janice M. Rumpf, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Age-of-dam adjustment factors are used to pre-adjust birth and weaning weight data for national beef cattle genetic evaluations. Adjustments are used in order to make the means of the different age-of-dam subclasses similar so that a fair comparison of animals can be performed. A review was made of various research studies that have estimated age-of-dam adjustment factors for birth weight and weaning weight of beef cattle. In general, birth weight age-of-dam adjustment factors are the same across the sexes, but weaning weight age-of-darn adjustment factors differ across the sexes, with heifer calves receiving smaller adjustments than their male counterparts. Additionally, …

Genetic Relationships Between Sex-Specific Traits In Beef Cattle: Mature Weight, Weight Adjusted For Body Condition Score, Height And Body Condition Score Of Cows, And Carcass Traits Of Their Steer Relatives, K. A. Nephawe, L. V. Cundiff, M. E. Dikeman, J. D. Crouse, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Data from the first four cycles of the Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) were used to investigate genetic relationships between mature weight (MW, n = 37,710), mature weight adjusted for body condition score (AMW, n = 37,676), mature height (HT, n = 37,123), and BCS (n = 37,676) from 4- to 8-yr old cows (n = 1,800) and carcass traits (n = 4,027) measured on their crossbred paternal half-sib steers. Covariance components among traits were estimated using REML. Carcass traits were adjusted for age at slaughter. Estimates of heritability for hot carcass weight (HCWT); …

Pasture Weaning And Forage Barley To Extend The Grazing Season For Replacement Heifers, R. J. Pruitt, W. B. Epperson, V. N. Owens

South Dakota Beef Report, 2004

In a two-year study at the SDSU Cow/Calf Teaching and Research Unit, Brookings, SD, heifer calves were allotted to two weaning management treatments in early October at an average age of 202 days. The pasture-weaned group was separated from their dams and grazed grass pasture across the fence from their dams for two weeks. Then, until early December, they grazed “Robust” barley (forage type) that had been no-till planted into oat stubble in early August. The drylot-weaned group was fed a traditional weaning diet of grass hay, corn, and protein supplement from weaning until early December. The effect of management …

Impact Of Relocation And Weaning Stress On The Feedlot Performance Of Steer Calves During The Receiving Period, Simone M. Holt, Robbi H. Pritchard, Timonthy A. Wittig

South Dakota Beef Report, 2004

The effect of ranch management on weaning and relocation stress was investigated using spring born steer calves from a single source. Steers on mature (≥ 4 yr of age) dams were weaned at shipment (NW) whiles steers on young (< 4 yr of age) dams had been weaned and on feed at the ranch for 1 mo prior to shipment (PW). At shipment tympanic temperature (TT) loggers, an indicator of body temperature, were placed in 13 steers from each management group at shipment. Steers were transported together to the SDSU Research Feedlot (365 mi). Body weight after 21 d in the feedlot (670 vs 673 lb) and DMI (14.7 vs 14.9 lb) were similar (P > 0.10) between PW and NW steers, respectively. Average daily gain (2.66 vs 3.17 lb) and feed efficiency (5.53 vs 4.74 lb) were higher (P < 0.05) in NW steers. NW steers recorded higher TT (1.2 ºF; P < 0.05) than PW steers duing loading and transportation from the ranch, indicating a greater initial stress associated with NW. During the first 4 d at the feedlot DMI was lower for NW steers (11.2 vs 6.1 lb) and was slightly below maintenance. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in TT associated with this period of negative energy balance. Results indicate that pre-transit weaning, as a part of feedlot transition, did not add sufficient stress to alter TT compared to previously weaned calves.

The Effect Of Stage Of Growth And Implant Exposure On Performance And Carcass Composition In Steers, Kelly W. Bruns, Robbi H. Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 2004

Angus and Angus cross Limousin steers (n = 182; initial BW = 681 ± 61.2 lb) were used to evaluate the influence of an estradiol-trenbolone acetate implant (24mg/120mg) on production efficiency and carcass traits when administered at specific stages of growth. Treatments (TRT) were as follows: No Implant, control (NI), Early Implant, d 1, BW = 681 lb (EI); or Delayed Implant, d 57, BW = 845 lb (DI). Comparisons were also made between the NI and implanted treatments (I; EI + DI). Steers were procured at weaning and were backgrounded (47 d) prior to the initiation of the experiment. …

Impact Of Castration Time And Method On Carcass And Palatability Traits In Steers, Kelly W. Bruns, Robbi H. Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 2004

Angus and Angus x Limousin steers from one ranch were used to evaluate the effect of castration time and method on production and carcass traits. At 2 mo of age, calves were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (TRT); surgical castration at 2 mo age (SC) or castrated at 9 mo age (828 lb) by banding (BAND). Calves assigned to SC received a Synovex-C implant at castration. All calves were weaned at 5 mo of age with no difference in weaning weight. Calves were blocked into heavy and light groups with a 45 Mcal NEG/lb diet fed for 91 …

Effects Of Sulfates In Water On Performance Of Cow-Calf Pairs, Hubert H. Patterson, Patricia S. Johnson, Earl H. Ward, Roger N. Gates

South Dakota Beef Report, 2004

Past data from our laboratory showed water sulfate levels of 3,000 ppm reduced performance and health of growing steers during the summer. This experiment, conducted at the South Dakota State University Cottonwood Research Station, evaluated the effects of high sulfate water on cow and calf performance, milk production, and cow reproduction. Ninety-six crossbred, lactating cows (ages 2-13; average calving date of May 1) and their calves were assigned, after stratifying by age, weight, and previous winter management, to one of six pastures (16 cows/pasture) from June 3 to August 26, 2003. Pastures were randomly assigned to one of two water …