Digital Commons Network^™

Demographics Of Non-Hunted White-Tailed Deer Populations In Suburban Areas, Anthony J. Denicola, Dwayne R. Etter, Thomas Almendinger

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Burgeoning deer populations in urban and suburban areas, along with the inherent problems stemming from this increase, are becoming increasingly widespread. To address these problems, wildlife biologists need quality baseline data of herd composition for harvest and treatment forecasts for management and fertility control research programs. In this study, we provide white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population data from 4 areas where localized suburban white-tailed deer populations were substantially reduced utilizing sharpshooting as a management tool. In each area, legal hunting was nonexistent for >10 years preceding the sharpshooting program. The areas ranged in size from 300 ha to …

Commentary Impacts Of The Black Bear Supplemental Feeding Program On Ecology In Western Washington, Georg J. Ziegltrum

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

Determination Of The Amino Acid And Chemical Composition Of Canned Smoked Mussels (Mytilus Galloprovincialis, L.), Gülgün F. Ünal Şengör, Hüseyi̇n Gün, Hani̇fe Kalafatoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this research smoking and canning techniques were applied to cultured mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, L.) from the Çanakkkale Strait in Eceabat, Turkey. Mussels that were smoked by liquid and traditional methods were canned in different sauces. The chemical composition and amino acid composition of the canned smoked mussels were determined by the results of laboratory analyses. As a result of smoking and canning mussels, a food with high nutritional value was obtained. It was determined that the heat applied to the product during smoking and canning did not effect amino acid composition negatively and that if any losses occur, they …

The Effect Of Feed Supplemented With Different Sodium Bentonite Treatments On Broiler Performance, Talat Naseer Pasha, Amir Mahmood, Farina Malik Khattak, Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar, Allah Dita Khan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of rations containing different sodium bentonite treatments on broiler performance. The study included 280 broiler chicks (1-day-old) that were randomly allocated to 7 experimental groups designated as follows: A (control); B and C (0.5% and 1.0% sodium bentonite, respectively); D and E (0.5% and 1.0% sodium bentonite + 0.5% and 1.0% gentian violet, respectively); F and G (0.5% and 1.0% sodium bentonite + 0.5% and 1.0% acetic acid, respectively). The experimental diets were given to the broilers for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment (day 42), weight gain, feed …

The Effects Of Vitamin E On The Antioxidant System, Egg Production, And Egg Quality In Heat Stressed Laying Hens, Hasret Yardi̇bi̇, Gülhan Türkay Hoştürk

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of vitamin E on the metabolic impact of heat stress in hens. The study included 150 Leghorn laying hens, which were assigned to 2 groups and initially subjected to the same environmental conditions. Diets were based on standard layer rations with 30, 80, or 105 mg of vitamin E/kg. All birds were kept in 45% relative humidity (RH) and at a room temperature of 21 °C for first 3 weeks for adaptation. In the fourth week the temperature and RH were increased to 35 °C and 65%, respectively, in the experimental …

Morphology And Arterial Vasculature Of Donkey (Equus Asinus L.) Adrenal Gland, Emi̇ne Karakurum, Özcan Özgel, Nejdet Dursun

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the shape, localization, and arterial vascularization of the gl. adrenalis were examined in 6 donkeys. It was observed that the internal side of the gl. adrenalis sinistra was located against the aorta abdominalis and the caudal aspect of the gland was in the ventral aspect of the a. renalis sinistra. The length of the left adrenal gland was approximately 41.49-47.44 mm, while its width was about 21.70-26.24 mm, and the thickness was nearly 4.65-7.56 mm. The shape of the left adrenal gland was oval or nearly circular. The gl. adrenalis sinistra was vascularized by the rr. adrenalis …

Youth Competitors Gain Benefits From Horse Show Judges' Training Program, Pat Evans, S. Mckendrick, J. Wesley, J. Smith

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

This article details how youth benefit from a horse show judges’ training program. While judging is subjective, with training, judges can be more consistent in their placings, with the better horses and/or riders being placed at the top of the class. With qualified judges, youth can be more confident that they will be evaluated in a fair and consistent manner during each show all season long.

Standardized Ileal Digestible Tryptophan To Lysine Ratios In Growing Pigs Fed U.S. Type And Non U.S. Type Feedstuffs, Anthony David Quant

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The objective of these studies was to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible tryptophan to lysine (SID Trp:Lys) ratio for growing pigs fed both U.S.–type (corn–soybean meal) and non–U.S.–type (wheat–barley) diets.

When feeding U.S.–type diets, average daily gain (ADG) and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations improved as SID Trp:Lys ratios increased, yielding optimum ratios of 15.32% (P<0.001) and 15.25% (P<0.001), respectively. Averaging these resulted in an optimum SID Trp:Lys ratio of 15.29%. In non–U.S.–type diets, feeding increasing SID Trp:Lys ratios improved ADG and PUN, displaying optima of 15.99% (P=0.048) and 15.29% (P=0.054), respectively. This produced an average optimum SID Trp:Lys ratio of 15.64%. The final study included the other dietary essential amino acids (EAA) at a higher level, and ADG and PUN improved as SID Trp:Lys …

Teaching Risk Management Principles To Livestock Producers Through Production-Oriented Workshops, C Kim Chapman

All Current Publications

This bulletin explains how to effectively marry risk management education, which producers do not have a natural affinity for, and production-oriented education, which is usually very popular with producers. The Beehive Master Beef Manager Program is used as a model.

Meeting The Energy Needs Of The Horse, Patricia Evans, Yvette Connely

All Current Publications

This publication describes energy and how it affects the horse from a nutritional aspect.

Distribution Patterns And Habitat Use Of Black Cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus Spp.) In Modified Landscapes In The South-West Of Western Australia, Marieke S. Weerheim

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Conservation planning for animal species inhabiting modified landscapes requires understanding of where animals occur and how they utilise both natural and modified habitats. In this study the distribution and foraging behaviour of the forest red-tailed cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso), Baudin’s cockatoo (C. baudinii) and Carnaby’s cockatoo (C. latirostris) was investigated in three study areas which each contained a different combination of modified habitats. Pickering Brook contained native forest and orchards, Wungong contained a mosaic of native forest and revegetation, while Karnet contained primarily native forest and paddocks. The relationship between cockatoo distribution and land use types was examined by constructing …

The Use Of Serum Uric Acid As An Indicator Of Amino Acid Utilization In Diets For Broilers, Amanda L. Donsbough

LSU Master's Theses

The purpose of this research was to determine if serum uric acid (SUA) could be used as an indicator of amino acid (AA) utilization in broilers and to determine the Lys requirement of broilers using SUA as a response variable. Treatments were replicated with at least 6 pens with at least 6 broilers per pen. Experiments (Exp.) were conducted from 0- to 14, 17, or 18- d posthatching in brooder batteries. Five experiments were conducted to determine if SUA and uric acid content of the excreta (UAE) could be used to determine AA adequacy of a diet. The results of …

Evaluation Of Novel Dietary Feed Additives For Nursery And Growing/Finishing Pigs, Victor D. Naranjo

LSU Master's Theses

The objectives of this research were: 1) to compare the effect of source and level of inclusion of dried whey permeate (DWP) and a carbohydrate product (CHO) on growth performance of nursery pigs, 2) to evaluate the effect of a fortified nutrient pack (FNP) on growth performance and total tract nutrient digestibility in growing/finishing pigs, and 3) to compare chromic oxide (Cr2O3) and acid insoluble ash (AIA) as digestibility markers for total tract digestibility determination in growing/finishing pigs. Three experiments were conducted to compare the feeding value of DWP (80% lactose) and CHO (40% lactose, 30% sucrose, and 10% glucose) …

The Utilization Of Red Blood Cells In Diets For Swine And Poultry, Emily Dawn Frugé

LSU Master's Theses

The purpose of this research was to determine if increasing levels of RBC would affect growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs and growth performance of broilers. Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of incremental levels of red blood cells (RBC; 0 to 4% and 0 to 2%), and thus increasing levels of dietary Leu on growth performance and linear carcass measurements of finishing pigs. Our results suggest that feeding 3 or 4% RBC causes a decrease in growth performance. However, feeding 1 or 2% RBC in the diets of finishing pigs had no detrimental effects on …

Engaging Recreational Fishers In Management And Conservation: Global Case Studies, Elise F. Granek, Elizabeth M.P. Madin, M. A. Brown, Will F. Figueira, Darren S. Cameron, Zeb Hogan, Gerry Kristianson, Pierre De Villiers, Jack E. Williams, John R. Post, S. Zahn, R. Arlinghaus

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Globally, the number of recreational fishers is sizeable and increasing in many countries. Associated with this trend is the potential for negative impacts on fish stocks through exploitation or management measures such as stocking and introduction of non-native fishes. Nevertheless, recreational fishers can be instrumental in successful fisheries conservation through active involvement in, or initiation of, conservation projects to reduce both direct and external stressors contributing to fishery declines. Understanding fishers’ concerns for sustained access to the resource and developing methods for their meaningful participation can have positive impacts on conservation efforts. We examined a suite of case studies that …

Distributions And Associations Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In The Leptin Gene Of Bos Taurus And Bos Indicus Cattle, Douglas Henry Fischer, Jr

LSU Master's Theses

In recent years, the use of genetic markers has become more and more prevalent in beef breeding programs. This research focused on four previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in a leptin gene on chromosome 4 of beef cows. The SNP were E2FB, T945M, UA1, and UA2. Beef cows used in this research were maintained at the Louisiana State University AgCenter Central Research Station. Cows consisted of purebred Bos tauras and Bos indicus cattle as well as crossbreds. The objectives were to estimate genotypic and allelic frequencies for each SNP and to determine the influence of cow breed type, cow age, …

Improving Human Health With Beef Products, Marilynn Schnepf

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The optimum diet for humans has been the subject of much debate ever since it was discovered in the nineteenth century that certain nutrients in food were essential for human health. Nutrition science is a relatively young science with new information being presented about the role that foods and the nutrients they contain play in human health. The connection between the foods we eat and overall health is becoming more evident. The role that meat and specifically beef plays in our diets continues to be a topic of interest among the public as well as nutrition researchers. The purpose of …

Colorado Homestead Ranches – Our Success Story: How Do We Sell Branded Beef Direct To The Consumer, Robbie Baird Levalley, Dawn D. Thilmany, Dale Dexter, Jim Ayer, Susan Ayer, Karl And Joetta Burns, Jess, Lynda, Calvin, Tracy, And Chad Campbell, Steve And Wendy Kossler, Mark, Hank, And Robbie Levalley, Mark And Jody Roeber, Norm And Susan Smith

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Colorado Homestead Ranches (CHR) markets natural beef, pork and lamb direct to Western Slope consumers. CHR is a partnership of six ranches that own their own USDA packing plant, a wildgame processing facility, and two storefronts. CHR markets direct to consumers via retail and farmers markets, restaurants, and wholesale distributors. CHR produces and markets value added sausage, jerky, meat sticks, and ready to cook entrees. The current strategic position of CHR is marketing of a niche, differentiated line of beef products, targeted at consumers who want a consistent quality product, raised on Colorado ranches, with natural production practices.

Cow Condition And Reproductive Performance, Julie Walker, George Perry

Range Beef Cow Symposium

It has been understood for decades that reproductive performance is the most important factor affecting production efficiency of a cow-calf enterprise. To maintain a yearly calving interval (one calf every 365 days), a cow must re-breed in 80 to 85 days after calving. With the nutrient priority of beef cattle being body maintenance, growth, lactation, fetal growth, breeding, and body reserve according to Short et al. (1990) indicates that reproduction is low on the list. Body condition score at parturition has been implicated as the single most important factor affecting postpartum interval to estrus and pregnancy in multiparous cows.

Why Did We Change To June Calving?, Paul D. Redd

Range Beef Cow Symposium

We finally admitted we were violating our own principles, for 50 years we have said:
We believe it makes good cow sense to:
1- Use yearling bulls
2- Sell the old bull
3- Buy only top end performance bulls
4- Buy the best bulls you can find.
5- Take advantage of hybrid vigor
6- Don’t buy fat bulls
7- Make Mother Nature your partner. Build a cow herd adapted to work efficiently in your country (your environment). Keep those good producing cows that wean a good calf every year. Cull the cows that don’t pull their weight.
8- Select four …

Benefits Of Weaning Calves At Younger Than Traditional Ages, Trey Patterson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

The term “Early Weaning” tends to be used rather loosely in the Beef Industry, and producers can find many articles claiming benefits of early weaning. A few questions arise. How early is early weaning? Is there economic benefit to weaning early? We will address these questions in this paper.

At the Range Beef Cow Symposium XIV, Whittier (1995) categorized early weaning as 1) weaning before the start of the breeding season (birth to 90 days) or 2) weaning during the breeding season (90 to 160 days). Weaning calves before the start of the breeding season has shown to improve reproductive …

Successful Ai And Synchronization Secrets: It’S In The Details, G. Cliff Lamb

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Estrous synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) are reproductive management tools that have been available to beef producers for over 30 years. Synchronization of the estrous cycle has the potential to shorten the calving season, increase calf uniformity, and enhance the possibilities for utilizing AI. Artificial insemination allows producers the opportunity to infuse superior genetics into their operations at costs far below the cost of purchasing a herd sire of similar standards. These tools remain the most important and widely applicable reproductive biotechnologies available for beef cattle operations (Seidel, 1995). However, beef producers have been slow to utilize or adopt these …

Heifer Development – Then And Now, Richard N. Funston, Jeremy Martin, Andy Roberts

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Studies in numerous species provide evidence that diet during development can partially control physiological changes necessary for puberty (Frisch, 1984). Energy balance or plane of nutrition influences reproductive performance in heifers and cows (Short and Adams, 1988; Butler and Smith, 1989; Swanson, 1989; Randel, 1990; Robinson, 1990). Numerous studies have reported inverse correlations between post-weaning growth rate and age at puberty (Wiltbank et al., 1966, 1969, 1985; Short and Bellows, 1971; Arije and Wiltbank, 1971; Ferrell, 1982), and pregnancy rates in heifers were shown to be dependent upon the number displaying estrus prior to or early in the breeding season …

Nutrition During Gestation And Fetal Programming, K. A. Vonnahme

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Historically, considerable efforts have been made to understand how nutrition impacts health and productivity during the postnatal period. While maternal nutrition during pregnancy plays an essential role in proper fetal and placental development, less is known about how maternal nutrition impacts the health and productivity of the offspring. Indeed, the prenatal growth trajectory is sensitive to the direct and indirect effects of maternal dietary intake from the earliest stages of embryonic life when the nutrient requirements for conceptus growth are negligible (Robinson et al., 1977). Not only is neonatal health compromised, but the subsequent health may be “programmed” as offspring …

Preparing Calves For The Feedlot, Daniel U. Thomson

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Evidence based medicine is a balancing act between data and experience (Apley and Thomson, 2003). Decision making with just experience and no data has been termed “wizardry.” This would be similar as to saying we used drug A last year and they all died. This year we used drug B and they all lived. Great! Scientists and statisticians need not apply to work in this environment. The friendly drug representative that sells drug B is the expert. Paralyzed indecision is using only data with no experience to make decisions. This is the art of trying to fix problems from a …

The Immune System And Recovery From Sickness In Cattle, Gordon W. Brumbaugh

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Ideally, all diseases could be prevented and beef animals on-feed would finish healthy and with the highest quality of meat. That isn’t realistic for most diseases. In spite the best efforts, some animals will become sick and require treatment. Calves with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) that required more than one treatment had decreased quality of meat and economic returns than did calves that did not develop BRD or responded after one treatment. (Hicks, 2006; McNeill, 1999; Wagner, et al., 2006) Calf-hood diseases in heifer calves had measurable effects on maternal performance for several years. (Waltner-Toews et al., 1986; van der …

I. Basic Principles Used In The “Sandhills Calving System” And How They Apply To Other Production Environments, David R. Smith

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Diarrhea is one of the most likely reasons young beef calves become sick or die.(45) Besides its detriment to calf health and well-being, calf scours is costly to cattle producers due to poor calf performance, death, and the expense of medications and labor to treat sick calves. (3, 41) In addition, catching and treating young calves puts herd owners and their employees at risk of injury, and many producers become disheartened after investing long hours to treat scouring calves during an already exhausting calving season.

Calf scours is a complex disease, with many interrelated causes.(1, 2, 37) Agent, host, and …

Delivery Of Supplements Of Rangelands, Kenneth C. Olson, Adele Harty

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Supplementation of cows grazing rangelands is often beneficial to overcome nutrient deficiencies or imbalances. However, supplemental feeds and their delivery to the cow herd are expenses and thus supplementation decisions should be carefully made to ensure that costs are minimized and benefits in terms of cow performance exceed supplementation costs. When supplementing cows, there are questions that producers should ask themselves to determine the best management practices to provide the most cost effective supplement program for their operation. The first among these is the type of supplement to be provided in terms of whether it will provide the correct nutrient …

Creating Value And Preserving Margin With Commercial Cows, Jim Lerwick

Range Beef Cow Symposium

If the object of the game is to do what one enjoys while making outstanding margin, we in the cow business have enjoyed one of the greatest opportunities in decades. Even though drought has made it an unequal distribution, and disease and politics have added considerable confusion, turning grass and other feed stuffs into marketable calves has been good. We have had challenges to enhance value for specific markets with new technologies. We have seen our aged cow and bull markets influenced heavily by border issues as well as premium meat markets disrupted by embargos and restrictions. Feed price has …

Calcium Dynamics Affecting Egg Production, Skeletal Integrity, And Egg Coloration In Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus), Landon R. Jones

Theses and Dissertations

These 4 chapters represent manuscripts formatted for submission to journals based on an experiment conducted on Ring-necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Calcium limits the distribution of this species, which produces 7-15 eggs per clutch. They may renest up to 5 times per breeding season on a diet low in calcium. The first chapter examines egg production in laying hens on 7 different diets from 0.19-4.47% calcium in the absence of calcium loading. Calcium-loaded pheasants store calcium in medullary bone before an experiment and can draw on this surplus during egg production, possibly skewing experimental results. We measured egg production, egg characteristics, …