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School Of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences: 2010 Annual Report

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

On September 4, 2009, The Department of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences was renamed the School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. The School is informally organized into six functional areas: • Undergraduate Teaching • Research and Graduate Studies • Extension • Veterinary Diagnostic Center (VDC) • Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center (GPVEC) • Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine (PPVM) While teaching and research activities bridge the entire faculty, subsets of the faculty are primarily involved with one area, i.e., the undergraduate program, the research and graduate program, the veterinary medical students clinical teaching at the GPVEC, the pre-clinical teaching …

Short Communication: Detection Of Yeast Dna In Omasal Digesta Of Dairy Cows Consuming Dried Distillers Grains And Solubles, E. Castillo-Lopez, Paul J. Kononoff, Jess L. Miner

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Purine analysis is widely used to estimate microbial crude protein (MCP) flow, and the method assumes that all purines contained in feed are degraded in the rumen and that purines detected are of microbial origin. The objectives of our experiment were (1) to determine if DNA from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) contained in dried distillers grains and solubles (DDGS) escapes degradation in the rumen and (2) to estimate the proportion of yeast DNA compared with total bacterial DNA in omasal samples. Two ruminally fistulated Holstein dairy cows averaging 649 kg (SD = 42.0) and 126 d in milk (SD …

Feed Intake Of Sheep As Affected By Body Weight, Breed, Sex, And Feed Composition, R. M. Lewis, G. C. Emmans

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The hypotheses tested were that genetic size-scaling for mature BW (A, kg) would reduce variation in intake between kinds of sheep and that quadratic polynomials on u = BW/A with zero intercept would provide good descriptions of the relationship between scaled intake (SI, g/A0.73 d) and degree of maturity in BW (u) across feeds of differing quality. Both sexes of Suffolk sheep from 2 experimental lines (n = 225) and from 3 breed types (Suffolk, Scottish Blackface, and their cross; n = 149) were recorded weekly for ad libitum feed intake and BW; recording of intake was from weaning through, …

Oral Inoculation With Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium Or Choleraesuis Promotes Divergent Responses In The Somatotropic Growth Axis Of Swine, B. L. Davis, J. N. Fraser, Thomas E. Burkey, K. A. Skjolaas, S. S. Dritz, B. J. Johnson, J. E. Minton

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Enteric disease and immune challenge are processes that have detrimental effects on the growth performance of young swine. The current study tested the hypothesis that salmonella-induced enteric disease would perturb the endocrine growth axis in a serovar-dependent fashion. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Typhimurium) and serovar Choleraesuis (Choleraesuis) on critical regulatory components of growth in young swine. Weaned pigs were housed 2 per pen with ad libitum access to feed and water in a 14-d experiment. Pigs were then repeatedly fed 108 cfu of either Choleraesuis or Typhimurium in dough balls, with control pigs receiving …

Potassium For High Rainfall Pastures, Mike Bolland, Bill Russell

Bulletins 4000 -

Potassium plays a major role in plant growth. It maintains the solutions in plant cells at ionic strengths suitable for maintaining strong plant walls and for the proper functioning of leaf pores (stomata) and plant processes such as photosynthesis, transport of sugars and enzyme activation.

Potassium does not become a direct part of the plant structure but acts to regulate water balances, nutrient and sugar movement in plant tissue. Plants deficient in potassium cannot use other nutrients and water efficiently. They are less tolerant of stresses such as drought and waterlogging and are more susceptible to pests and diseases.

Comparing Ensiled Or Fresh Mixed Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles With Straw At Two Inclusions In Growing Calf Diets, Crystal D. Buckner, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, William A. Griffin, Joshua R. Benton

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study evaluated feeding ensiled or freshly mixed wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) with straw at 2 blends and the effect of an inoculum with the ensiled mixture on steer calf performance. Treatments included 30 or 45% WDGS (DM basis) mixed with straw and fed either as a fresh mix or ensiled with and without a microbial inoculum. No significant interactions were observed between type and level of mix. Steers fed the ensiled mixes had higher ADG and lower F:G compared to those fed the fresh mix.

Fiber Digestibility And Rumen Ph For Diets Containing Wet Corn Gluten Feed Or Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles, Crystal D. Buckner, Kelsey Rolfe, Nathan Meyer, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Seven ruminally cannulated steers were used to evaluate fiber digestibility and rumen pH for diets containing 35 or 88% wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) or 35% wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS). These diets were top-dressed with or without a direct-fed microbial (DFM). Interactions were observed for DM and NDF digestibility. Feeding 88% WCGF decreased DM digestibility, but NDF digestibility increased especially with the DFM. Rumen pH was greatest for steers fed 88% WCGF and lowest for steers fed 35% WCGF.

Effects Of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles And Vitamin E On Beef Tenderness And Color Under Different Packaging Systems, Amilton S. De Mello, Kanae Watanabe, Chris R. Calkins, Lasika S. Senaratne, Timothy P. Carr, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The effects of feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), vitamin E supplementation (E), and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and sensorial tenderness were investigated in m. longissimus lumborum aged 7 or 21 days. Steers (n = 90) were allocated to dietary treatments consisting of corn or 35% WDGS with 0, 100, 300, 500, and 1000 I.U. of E per head daily. Afteraging, muscles were displayed for 5 days under O2 permeable film, high O2 and low O2 atmospheres. Feeding 1000E extendedcolor stability of permeable film-packaged steaks during retail display. Feeding WDGS led to higher …

Fatty Acid Profile Of Beef From Steers Fed Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles (Wdgs) And Vitamin E, Amilton S. De Mello, Chris R. Calkins, Kanae Watanabe, Lasika S. Senaratne, Timothy P. Carr, Galen E. Erickson, Judy A. Driskell

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The aim of this work was to investigate the fatty acid profile of m. teres major (TER) and m. infraspinatus (INF) from steers fed 0 or 40% WDGS (DM basis) with or without 500 I.U. of vitamin E/steer daily for 100 days. Thirty-two steers were allocated to 4 treatments: Corn; Corn + vit. E; 40% WDGS; or 40% WDGS + vit. E. After 7 days of aging, 2 TER and 2 INF muscles were excised from the shoulder clods of each animal. Fatty acids were analyzed from raw TER and INF, pan fried TER and INF, and grilled INF. For …

2010 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cow/Calf
Effect of Calving Season and Wintering System on Cow Performance
Extending Grazing in Heifer Development Systems Decreases Cost Without Compromising Production
Post Weaning Management of Heifer Calves Impacts ADG and Feed Efficiency as Pregnant Heifers
Estrous Synchronization Increases Early Calving Frequency, Which Enhances Steer Progeny Value
Reproductive Aging Influences Ovarian Function in Beef Cows
Comparison of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains in a Bunk or on the Ground to Cattle Grazing Native Sandhills Winter Range.. 19 Supplementing Wet Distillers Grains Mixed with Low Quality Forage to Grazing Cow/Calf Pairs
Evaluation of Storage Covers When Wet Distillers Byproducts Are Mixed and …

Estrous Synchronization Increases Early Calving Frequency, Which Enhances Steer Progeny Value, Daniel M. Larson, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Richard N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Calving records collected between 2000 and 2008 at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory, Whitman, Neb., were used to determine the effect of estrous synchronization on calving distribution and the impact of time of calving on carcass characteristics. More synchronized cows calved during the first 21 days compared to non-synchronized cows, and calves born to synchronized dams were heavier at weaning. Calves born in the first 21 days of the calving season had greater carcass weights, marblingscores, and yield grades than later born calves. In addition, the percentage of steers grading premium choice or greater and the total carcass value declined as …

Comparison Of Revalor-Xs Vs. Two Common Implant Strategies In Finishing Steers, Cody A. Nichols, Galen E. Erickson, Judson T. Vasconcelos, Justin J. Sindt, Robert L. Botts, Bill D. Dicke, D.J. Jordon, Robert J. Cooper, Tony L. Scott, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A commercial feedlot experiment was performed to compare the effects of a Component TE-IS/TE-S with Tylan (TE-IS/S) implant strategy to a Component TE-200 with Tylan (TE-200) or a Revalor XS (Rev-XS) single implant strategy on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. Cattle receiving the TE-IS/S implants and the Rev-XS implant had greater (P < 0.05) final BW and lower F:G (P < 0.05) than the cattle that received the TE-200 treatment. Daily gain was improved (P = 0.04) when comparing TE-IS/S to TE-200, but intermediate for steers that received the Rev-XS treatment. Quality grade categories were unaffected by implant strategy. Cattle given TE-IS/TE-S had a greater number (P < 0.05) of yield grade 1 and 2 carcasses than other implant treatments, while cattle receiving TE-200 had greater (P < 0.01) yield grade 3 and 5 carcasses.

Comparison Of Revalor Xs To A Revalor Is / Revalor S Implant Strategy In Finishing Steers, Cody A. Nichols, Galen E. Erickson, Judson Vasconcelos, Marshall N. Streeter, Bill D. Dicke, D.J. Jordon, Robert J. Cooper, Tony L. Scott, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A commercial feedlot study compared effects of Revalor IS/Revalor S (RevIS-S) implant strategy to a Revalor XS (RevX) single implant strategy on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. There were no differences (P > 0.90) in DMI, final BW, ADG, or F:G. Hot carcass weight, marbling score, 12th rib fat, LM area and calculated yield grade also were unaffected (P > 0.10) by implant strategy. The RevX treatment resulted in a greater (P < 0.01) percentage of Choice carcasses than RevIS-S. Cattle receiving Revalor XS performed similar to cattle implanted with RevIS-S using a traditional reimplant program.

Characteristics Of Mongolian Wild Ass Hooves (Equus Hemionus Hemionus), Jan Gahsche, Michael Stubbe, Matthias Oppermann, N. Batsajchan, Annegret Stubbe

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Measurements of hoof angles, hoof length, toe length, etc., and non-metrical hoof characters of Mongolian Wild Ass carcasses collected in in the South Gobi and in Bordzongijn-Gobi desert are presented. Khulan hooves are flat, wide and look big in relation to the animal’s dimensions. Remarkably is the wide variability in size, angles, in non metric characteristics like shape, color and the occurrence of particularly prolonged hoof wall and flaring walls. For example, toe angles are 52° for front and 54° for hind hooves on average. This measures and the suggested graphical model of the „ideal hoof shape“ can assist to …

Nitrogen Utilization, Nutrient Digestibility, And Excretion Of Purine Derivatives In Dairy Cattle Consuming Rations Containing Corn Milling Co-Products, A. M. Gehman, Paul J. Kononoff

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of feeding a combination of modified wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) on nutrient digestion, purine derivative excretion, and N utilization. Multiparous (n = 20) and primiparous (n = 20) cows were arranged in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square with 21-d periods. Animals were fed one of 5 treatment diets during each period: 1) 0% co-products (control); 2) 15% WDGS (15WDGS); 3) 15% WCGF (15WCGF); 4) 7.5% WDGS and 7.5% WCGF (15MIX); and 5) 15% WDGS and 15% WCGF (30MIX; dry matter …

Effects Of Sorting Steers By Body Weight Into Calf-Fed, Summer Yearling, And Fall Yearling Feeding Systems, D. R. Adams, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, W. A. Griffin, Matt K. Luebbe, Matthew A. Greenquist, J. R. Benton

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two years of data (288 steers/yr) were used to determine if sorting cattle by BW into different production systems would decrease overweight carcasses (>431 kg) and hot carcass weight (HCW) variation. At receiving, steers were assigned randomly into sorted or unsorted groups (n = 144 steers/group). Within a group, steers were assigned to 1 of 3 feeding times: 1) calf-fed (entering the feedlot at receiving), 2) summer yearling (grazed during winter and entering the feedlot in May) and 3) fall yearling (grazed during winter and summer and entering the feedlot in September). Unsorted steers were assigned randomly to a …

Growth, Body Chemical Composition, And Tissue Deposition Rates Of Nursery Pigs Fed Crystalline Or Protein- Bound Lysine, J. J. Colina, P. S. Miller, A. J. Lewis, R. L. Fischer, R. M. Diedrichsen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A 4-wk experiment was conducted to compare the effect of feeding crystalline lysine relative to the lysine from soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, body chemical composition, and tissue deposition rates in nursery pigs. Thirty-six pigs were used [18 barrows and 18 gilts, 15 d old; initial BW (mean ± SEM) = 6.11 ± 0.11 kg]. Six pigs (3 barrows and 3 gilts) were killed at the beginning of the experiment and the remaining pigs were killed at the end of the experiment to determine body chemical composition and deposition rates of protein, fat, water, ash, and amino acids. Pigs …

Effects Of Co-Products And Breed Of Sire On The Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Rates Of Ultrasound Backfat And Marbling Deposition In Feedlot Cattle, C. O. Trejo, D. B. Faulkner, A. Shreck, J. W. Homm, T. G. Nash, S. L. Rodriguez-Zas, L. L. Berger

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Recently, high prices have driven producers to replace corn partially or totally with more affordable ingredients. A total of 1,256 DNA-validated progeny from Angus (n = 241), Simmental (n = 599), Simmental × Angus (SA; n = 296), and 75% Simmental (75S; n = 120) sires were used to evaluate the effects of feedlot nutrition and sire breed on the performance, carcass characteristics, and rates of ultrasound backfat and marbling deposition in feedlot cattle. Diets included corn or a corn co-product: dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), fresh wet distillers grains, wet corn gluten feed, stored wet distillers grains, or …

Development And Usage Of Extension’S Horsequest: An Online Resource, E. A. Greene, A. S. Griffin, J. Whittle, C. A. Williams, A. B. Howard, Kathleen P. Anderson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

eXtension (pronounced e-extension) is an online resource transforming how faculty can collaborate and deliver equine education. As the first Community of Practice launched from eXtension, HorseQuest (HQ) offers free, interactive, peer-reviewed, online resources on a variety of equine-related topics at http://www.extension.org. This group has adapted traditional educational content to the online environment to maximize search engine optimization, to be more discoverable and relevant in the online world. This means that HQ resources are consistently being found on the first page of search results. Also, by researching key words searched by Internet users, HQ has guided new content direction and …

Nutritional And Management Methods To Decrease Nitrogen Losses From Beef Feedlots, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen losses from open beef feedlots are a concern. Methods that decrease volatilization losses will lead to greater manure N, which is likely to be beneficial in open lot beef operations. Twelve or more pens were dedicated to N research whereby N intake, retention, and excretion were quantified and a mass balance conducted using manure, runoff, soil balance, and loss quantities. The objective was to decrease N volatilization losses or increase manure N or both. Dietary CP affects N excretion and N volatilization losses. Four experiments across 2 yr compared industry average CP (13%) to diets that were phase-fed to …

Evaluation Of In Vitro Gas Production And Rumen Bacterial Populations Fermenting Corn Milling (Co)Products, W. L. Williams, L. O. Tedeschi, Paul J. Kononoff, T. R. Callaway, S. E. Dowd, K. Karges, M. L. Gibson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation dynamics of 2 commonly fed corn (co)products in their intact and defatted forms, using the in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique, and to investigate the shifts of the predominant rumen bacterial populations using the 16S rDNA bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) technique. The bTEFAP technique was used to determine the bacterial profile of each fermentation time at 24 and 48 h. Bacterial populations were identified at the species level. Species were grouped by substrate affinities (guilds) for cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, starch, sugars, protein, lipids, and lactate. The 2 (co)products …

Evaluation Of Protein Fractionation And Ruminal And Intestinal Digestibility Of Corn Milling Co-Products, J. M. Kelzer, Paul J. Kononoff, L. O. Tedeschi, T. C. Jenkins, K. Karges, M. L. Gibson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Novel corn milling co-products developed from technological advancements in ethanol production vary widely in chemical composition and nutrient availability. The objectives of this study were to characterize feed protein fractions and evaluate differences in rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) and its digestible fraction (dRUP), amino acid concentration, and in vitro gas production of 7 corn milling co-products. The crude protein (CP; % of dry matter) of co-products was 12.7 for germ, 26.9 for dried distillers grains plus solubles that had no heat exposure before fermentation (DDGS1), 45.4 for highprotein dried distillers grains (HPDDG), 12.7 for bran, 30.2 for wet distillers grains plus …

Utilization Of Nitrogen In Cows Consuming Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles In Alfalfa And Corn Silage-Based Dairy Rations, A. M. Gehman, Paul J. Kononoff

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of forage type on nutrient digestibility, purine derivative excretion, nitrogen utilization, and milk production in dairy cattle consuming rations containing high levels of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS). Primiparous (n = 8) and multiparous (n = 20) Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. Animals were fed 1 of 4 treatments during each 21-d period: 1) CONT-CS, 0% WDGS and high corn silage; 2) CONT-AS, 0% WDGS and high alfalfa silage; 3) WDGS-CS, 25% WDGS and high corn silage; and 4) WDGS-AS, 25% WDGS …

Effect Of Dietary Crude Protein Source On Hormone And Follicle Characteristics In Beef Heifers, J. L. Martin, D. M. Larson, H. L. Stroh, Andrea S. Cupp, Richard N. Funston

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Ground, raw soybeans (SB), or dried distillers grain plus solubles (DDGS) were utilized in heifer development diets to determine the effect of dietary fat and protein source on hormone and follicle characteristics and ADG. The experiment was conducted over 2 yr with 100 June-born heifers (199 ± 2 kg initial BW, n = 50 per yr). The experimental periods were 157 and 207 d in yr 1 and 2, respectively. Heifers were provided a dietary supplement (DM basis) of 1.23 kg of SB and 0.40 kg of corn or 1.65 kg of DDGS between weaning and breeding. Estrus was synchronized …

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Dean, Michael Vayda

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Alterations In Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase And C-Terminal Telopeptide Of Type I Collagen In Experimental Canine Osteotomies Fixed Using 2 Different Techniques, Michail Paskalev, Svetozar Krastev

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to monitor serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and C-terminal telopeptide fragments of type I collagen (CTX) over time in canine experimental osteotomies fixed using 2 osteosynthesis techniques, to determine the relevance of both markers in monitoring bone healing, and to investigate the influence of the 2 osteosynthesis techniques on their concentrations. Transperiosteal osteotomy of the diaphyses of the right tibia and fibula was performed in 12 dogs. The dogs were then randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: group 1 (6 dogs) underwent osteotomy fixed with intramedullary osteosynthesis (IMO) and group 2 (6 …

Anatomical Study Of The Brain Of The African Ostrich, Ke-Mei Peng, Yueping Feng, Gaoying Zhang, Huazhen Liu, Hui Song

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The anatomical characteristics of the African ostrich brain were investigated in this study. The average weight, length, and width of the total brain are 26.34 g, 59.26 mm, and 42.30 mm, respectively. The cerebellum appears relatively well developed and obviously protrudes dorsally. The posterior superior part of the cerebellar vermis almost forms an angle of 130°. The ostrich brain has many more transverse fissures of the cerebellar vermis than do the brains of domestic fowls. Therefore, the surface area of the African ostrich's cerebellum is larger. The formation of the cerebrum is an obtuse triangle. Its surface is smooth, without …

Evaluation Of The Efficacy Of Esterified Glucomannan, Sodium Bentonite, And Humic Acid To Ameliorate The Toxic Effects Of Aflatoxin In Broilers, Hasan Ghahri, Reza Habibian, Mehdi Abdollah Fam

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of esterified glucomannan, sodium bentonite, and humic acid in counteracting the toxic effects of aflatoxin in a naturally contaminated diet fed to broilers. Seven-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of the 9 dietary treatments. The treatments were as follows: 1) control; 2) naturally contaminated diet with aflatoxin; 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) naturally contaminated diet with aflatoxin supplemented with 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0% humic acid, respectively; 8 and 9) naturally contaminated diet supplemented with 0.5% sodium bentonite and 0.1% esterified glucomannan, respectively. Compared with the control, the naturally …