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Fattening Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Turkish Indigenoushair And Honamlı Goat Male Kids, Ahmet Hamdi̇ Aktaş, Beki̇r Gök, Serkan Ateş, Mehmet Emi̇n Teki̇n, İbrahi̇m Halici, Hüseyi̇n Baş, Hakan Erduran, Shinan Kassam

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was undertaken to measure the effect of fattening duration (60, 80, and 100 days) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of male kids from indigenous Hair and Honamlı goat breeds reared under intensive fattening systems in Turkey. Fattening duration had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on the fattening performance and a number of carcass characteristics of kids. An interaction was detected between genotype and fattening duration for average daily gain (ADG). Hair goat kids grew at a faster rate than Honamlı kids in the 20-40 day and 40-60 day fattening periods, but they maintained relatively similar ADGs within other fattening periods. On average, over the course of the fattening trial, Honamlı kids grew at an average daily rate of 209 g/head, while Hair goat kids grew at a daily rate of 231 g/head. Dressing percentage and carcass lean and fat percentages of kids increased (P < 0.05-0.001) with slaughter age and weight for both genotypes, whereas the percentage of bone decreased (P < 0.001) with each successive fattening period. No genotypic differences were detected for a number of carcass characteristics at the time of slaughter, with the exception of relatively higher (P < 0.01) fat deposit rates within the kidney and pelvic areas for Hair kids.

Effects Of Long-Term Starvation And Refeeding On Fatty Acid Metabolism-Relatedgene Expressions In The Liver Of Zebrafish, Danio Rerio, Ayşe Ölmez, Mehtap Bayir, Chunfang Wang, Abdulkadi̇r Bayir

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 70-day starvation was conducted to determine the effects of long-term starvation on whole-body polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition and fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression in the liver of zebrafish, Danio rerio. The starvation period was followed by a 15-day refeeding period to test recovery of both PUFA composition and gene expression levels. It was found that n-3 PUFA and arachidonic acid levels increased during starvation and returned to normal values after refeeding (P < 0.05). Expression of seven (elovl5, fads2, cpt1-β, acox1, acadvl, fabp1a, and fabp7a) of eight total genes downregulated significantly towards the end of the starvation. As a result of refeeding, gene expression of elovl5 and ppar-α returned to the normal levels. Therefore, it was concluded that, in general, mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism was negatively influenced by long-term starvation (70 days); there was no direct relationship between whole-body fatty acid composition and hepatic gene expressions; and 15-day refeeding was insufficient for recovery of starvation-based metabolic losses in zebrafish.

The Effect Of Oxytocin And Prostaglandin Hormones Added Tosemen On Stallion Sperm Quality, Çi̇ğdem Çebi̇ Şen, Ergun Akçay

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and oxytocin have been used to improve reproductive performance in many mammalian species, including humans. The aim of the present study was to determine their effects on sperm quality when extended stallion semen was enriched with PGF2α or oxytocin. In this study, 16 healthy adult stallions, each 15-22 years old, were used. Five ejaculates from each stallion were collected with an artificial vagina during breeding season. Thereafter, gel-free semen was divided into 7 aliquots and diluted with an INRA96 semen extender. The following different treatments were evaluated: 3 with only PGF2α (10, 20, and 40 μg/mL) and …

Correlation Between The Milk Vein Internal Diameter Surface Andmilk Yield In Simmental Cows, Damjan Gracner, Gerard Gilligan, Nickholas Garvey, Luis Moreira, Patricia Harvey, Amanda Tierney, Robert Zobel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

It is known that milk production is directly correlated with the blood flow through the mammary gland, and milk veins drain approximately 90% of the total blood passing through this organ. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between milk vein internal diameter surface and milk production in Simmental cows. The milk vein internal diameter was measured by ultrasonography in heifers during the 2nd month of the first gravidity, and again on day 50 following the second calving. After the application of exclusion criteria, the internal vein diameter surface area was mathematically calculated (mm2) for a …

Whey Protein Content And Fatty Acids Profile In Milk Of Cows Used In Intensiveand Conventional Production Systems With Regard To Stage Of Lactation, Aneta Brodziak, Jolanta Król, Zygmunt Litwinczuk

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of whey proteins and fatty acids profile in milk of cows used in intensive and conventional systems with regard to stage of lactation. For 1846 milk samples the content of total protein, fat and selected whey proteins, and fatty acids profile were analyzed. It was found that stage of lactation had a significant influence on the content of whey proteins in milk of cows from the two production systems. The biggest significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences were observed in lactoferrin concentration, especially in milk of cows used in the conventional …

The Nest-Site Characteristics Of The Forest Population Of Common Blackbird(Turdus Merula) In Eskişehir, Turkey, Muharrem Karakaya, Kalender Arikan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Nest-site characteristics and nest-site selection in a forest population of common blackbird was investigated in an area of 200 ha in Eskişehir's Meşelik black pine forest during the spring of 2013. Within this framework, 36 nests were found in total: 31 of them were new and the rest (N = 5) were old. The nest-site characteristic parameters were measured in centimeters and nest tree species were recorded. According to the results, it was concluded that all of the nests were made on the stem of the nest tree at the widest part of the tree. Common blackbirds in the study …

Effects Of High-Level Chromium Methionine Supplementation In Lambs Fed A Corn-Based Diet On The Carcass Characteristics And Chemical Composition Of The Longissimus Muscle, Berenice Sanchez-Mendoza, Antonio Aguilar-Hernandez, Maria A. Lopez-Soto, Alberto Barreras, Alfredo Estrada-Angulo, Francisco Javier Monge Navarro, Noemi G. Torrentera, Richard A. Zinn, Alejandro Plascencia

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Twenty-four male lambs (24.93 ± 0.93 kg) were used in order to evaluate the effects of chromium methionine (Cr) supplementation in high-energy finishing diets on the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of the longissimus muscle (LM). Treatments were 0.00, 0.60, 1.20, and 1.80 mg Cr/lamb daily. The experiment lasted 56 days. There were no effects of treatments on dry matter intake, feed to gain ratio, and final weight, which averaged 35.24 ± 1.01 kg. Supplemental Cr linearly decreased fat thickness enough to improve the estimated yield grade from 1.82 to 1.42 with no effect on the other carcass traits measured. …

Textural Acceptability Of Prepared Fish Sausages By Controlling Textural Indicators, Mehmet Tolga Di̇nçer, Şükran Çakli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this paper is to verify the textural quality and acceptability of two different prepared emulsion-type fish sausages that were evaluated by using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and saithe (Pollachius virens) fillets. Texture properties of the fish sausages were compared with three different emulsion-type sausages (chicken, turkey, and beef sausages) using texture profile analysis (TPA), shear test, Kramer shear test, pate penetration test, cooking loss, and expressible moisture. According to the TPA and firmness values, some textural indicators were found significantly weak (P < 0.05), but they met consumers preferences.

Concentrations Of Nefa, Ss-Hba, Triglycerides, And Certain Blood Metabolitesin Healthy Colored Angora Goats During The Peripartum Period, Funda Eşki̇, İbrahi̇m Taşal, Mehmet Aki̇f Karsli, Sai̇t Şendağ, Bariş Atalay Uslu, Henrik Wagner, Axel Wehrend

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), serum ß-hydroxybutyric acid (ß-HBA), triglycerides, Ca, Na, and other metabolites (bilirubin, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH)) in the blood of grazing, healthy goats at the time of parturition. Blood samples were taken weekly from the jugular vein of 11 goats, starting at week 2 antepartum (ap) until week 9 postpartum (pp). NEFA and ß-HBA concentrations increased from week 2 ap to 2 weeks pp. The increase in NEFA level was not significant; however, the ß-HBA levels were higher (P < 0.05) 2 weeks pp compared to the levels at 2 weeks ap. Triglycerides were recorded at maximum levels (P < 0.05) 2 weeks ap, with the lowest concentrations at 3 weeks pp. Bilirubin levels consistently increased up to 7 weeks pp, followed by a decrease. However, these changes were not significant. Similarly, GLDH activities increased until week 8 pp. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was recorded between the 1st week and 8th week pp. Ca and Na levels were lower during the 1st week pp and increased at 3 weeks pp. The results show that there are characteristic alterations of some metabolic blood parameters in goats around the time of parturition, which may be related to physiological changes.

Influence Of Individual Or Mixed Cellulase And Xylanase Mixture On In Vitro Rumen Gas Production Kinetics Of Total Mixed Rations With Different Maize Silage And Concentrate Ratios, Mona Mohamed Mohamed Yasseen Elghandour, Ahmed Eid Kholif, Ofelia Márquez-Molina, José Fernando Vázquez-Armijo, Anil Kumar Puniya, Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study assessed the effects of cellulase, xylanase, and their mixture (1:1, v/v) on in vitro rumen fermentation of five mixed rations with different maize silage (F) to concentrate (C) ratios (0F:100C, 25F:75C, 50F:50C, 75F:25C, 100F:0C). Samples were incubated using rumen inoculum from Brown Swiss cows fed ad libitum a total mixed ration of concentrate and alfalfa hay (1:1). Gas production (GP) was recorded after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h of incubation. Interaction effects (P < 0.0001) were observed between type of ration and enzyme for discrete lag time prior to GP. Ration type affected asymptotic GP (linear and quadratic, P < 0.0001) and in vitro GP at 24 h onward. Moreover, rations affected pH (linear and quadratic, P < 0.0001), dry matter degradability (quadratic, P = 0.05), metabolizable energy (linear, P = 0.038), short-chain fatty acids (linear, P = 0.0005), gas yield from truly digested dry matter at 24 h (linear, P = 0.0026), and microbial crude protein yield (linear, P = 0.0264). The most effective rations for in vitro GP during different times differed between different measured parameters. Enzyme administration was more effective when the ratio of maize silage was increased.

Deactivation Of Tannins In Raisin Stalk By Polyethylene Glycol-6000 Effect Onfeed Intake, Digestibility, And Nitrogen Retention In Sheep, Manocher Souri, Laleh Angaji, Mohammad Mehdi Moeini

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) and urea on feed intake, nitrogen retention, and nutrient digestibility in sheep fed raisin stalk. Sixteen male fat-tailed Sanjabi sheep (26 ± 0.66 kg) were randomly assigned to one of 4 dietary treatments: raisin stalk (control; RS), raisin stalk supplemented with 3% urea and 4% molasses (RSU3%); 5% urea and 7% molasses (RSU5%); or 5% urea, 7% molasses plus 5% PEG (RSU-PEG) per DM of raisin stalk. The urea and molasses were dissolved in distilled water and then mixed into a solid ingredient. Polyethylene glycol was also sprayed …

Storage Stability Of Aerobically Packaged Extended Dehydrated Chickenmeat Rings At Ambient Temperature, Bidyut Prava Mishra, Geeta Chauhan, Sanjod Kumar Mendiratta, Prasana Kumar Rath, Renuka Nayar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to evaluate the storage stability of aerobically packaged extended dehydrated chicken meat rings during ambient storage at 30 ± 2 °C. Extended dehydrated chicken meat rings were prepared by utilizing spent hen meat (80%), an optimized level of rice flour, refined wheat flour, potato starch, spice mix, common salt, and sodium tripolyphosphate. The control product was prepared in a similar manner except that rice flour was substituted by an equal quantity of spent hen meat. The products were aerobically packaged in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) pouches and analyzed for physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics at regular …

Analysis Of Apolipoprotein A-Iv Expression And The Levels Of Blood Plasmamain Lipid Fractions Of Calves During The First Week Of Life Before And After Theadministration Of Milk Replacer Supplemented With Lactose, Katarzyna Michalek, Alicja Dratwa-Chalupnik, Magdalena Jaszczuk

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The current study presents an analysis of main lipid fractions and expression of apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) of the blood plasma of calves during the first week of life, before and after administration of a milk replacer with additional quantity of lactose. The experiment was performed on 7 male Polish-Friesian calves, var. Black-and-White. Blood samples were collected before the morning feeding from the 6th to 8th day of life. In the evening on the 6th day of the experiment and in the morning on the 7th day of the experiment, monohydrate lactose in an amount of 2 g per 1 kg …

Microencapsulated Organic Acid Blend With Mcfas Can Be Used As Analternative To Antibiotics For Laying Hens, Sang In Lee, Hyun Soo Kim, Inho Kim

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A total of 144 Hy-Line brown laying hens were used in a 10-week trial to evaluate the effects of a microencapsulated organic acid blend with medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on egg production, weight, quality, fecal microflora, and nutrient digestibility in the hens. The hens were divided into four groups and different dietary treatments were given to each group. The control group received no microencapsulated organic acid blend with MCFAs. The second group received 0.05%, the third group received 0.01%, and the fourth group received 0.2% of a microencapsulated organic acid blend with MCFAs. Laying hens fed on a microencapsulated …

The Effects Of Dry-Off Therapy On Milk Somatic Cell Count In Saanen Goats, Ayhan Baştan, Seçki̇n Salar, Duygu Baki̇ Acar, Mürşi̇de Ayşe Demi̇rel, Mehmet Cengi̇z, İsfendi̇yar Darbaz, Gaye Bulut

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dry-off antibiotic therapy and teat sealant on somatic cell count (SCC) in Saanen goats. The goats were randomly divided into 3 groups. In Groups I (n = 50) and II (n = 50), the goats were treated with intramammary antibiotics and a combination of intramammary antibiotics and internal teat sealant at dry-off, respectively. The animals in Group III (n = 50) were designated as the control group. For the SCC analysis and bacteriological examination, milk samples (n = 900) were collected separately from each udder half during routine morning …

Frequency Of Hoof Conformation Faults And Disorders In Horses Of Several Breeds, Jaroslaw Luszczynski, Magdalena Pieszka, Anna Durmala, Weronika Pisarczyk, Romana Augustyn, Boguslawa Dlugosz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the study was to compare the frequencies of hoof conformation faults and disorders in the front and hind legs of horses of different breeds. The study was conducted on 346 horses over 3 years old (167 Anglo-Arabians, 130 Hucul horses, and 49 Silesian horses). In the study population, over 60% of the horses had some kind of hoof conformation faults and disorders. A significant difference in the incidence of hoof conformation faults (65.5%) and hoof disorders (35.5%) was shown in the analyzed population of horses. In the case of Hucul and Silesian horses, hoof conformation faults were …

The Effects Of Post-Exercise Consumption Of A Kefir Beverage On Performance And Recovery During Intensive Endurance Training, Keely Virginia O'Brien

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study was designed to determine whether kefir accentuates the positive health benefits assessed by measures in fitness and/or body composition, as a measure of cardiovascular disease risk as well as the biomarker c-reactive protein. Sixty-seven adult males and females aged 18-35 years were assigned to one of four groups: 1) endurance training + control beverage, 2) endurance training + kefir beverage, 3) active control + control beverage or 4) active control + kefir beverage. The exercise groups completed 15 weeks of structured endurance training while the active control groups maintained their usual exercise routine. Baseline physiological and exercise measurements …

A Quantitative And Molecular Evaluation Of Bovine Respiratory Disease, Growth Traits, And Carcass Traits In Crossbred Steers, Samantha Lidia Miller

LSU Master's Theses

The first objective of the two studies presented herein evaluated on farm sources of variation and correlated effects contributing to BRD incidence in a population of crossbred steers sent to the feedlot from 2010-2013. Analyses revealed that incidence of BRD was lowly positively correlated to birth weight (BW) and lowly negatively correlated to weaning weight (WW), hip height (HH), sire breed, site, and birth year. These results indicate that the traits analyzed herein are not precursors for BRD in the current population. However, since little is still known about the correlation between genetic predisposition to BRD and animal performance, further …

Salt Tolerance Of Lactococcus Lactis R-604 As Influenced By Exposure To Various Stress Conditions, Ernesto Emilio Gonzalez Duran

LSU Master's Theses

Lactococcus lactis is a dairy culture bacterium widely used in dairy products that contain salt (NaCl) such as cheese and salted butter. Osmotic conditions generally hinder the growth of both pathogen and desirable bacteria. It has been observed that many stress-induced proteins are produced after exposure to an environmental stress protecting the cell against other stresses since the first exposure starts the defense mechanisms of the cells creating an effect of cross-protection. If salt tolerance is enhanced in desirable bacteria they would survive better in salty environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the salt tolerance of Lactococcus …

A Study Evaluating Genetic Trends And Molecular Predisposition To Improved Carcass Quality Of Brahman And Brahman Influenced Cattle, Amanda M. Royer

LSU Master's Theses

The first objective of the current study was to evaluate genetic trends from 10 years of the American Brahman Breeders Association Carcass Evaluation Program from 2004 to 2013. Changes of performance in growth, carcass composition, and carcass quality traits were evaluated. Overall means were calculated to report the total average for each trait along with an average rate of change per year. Growth traits evaluated included feedlot entrance weight (INWT), harvest weight (HRVWT), and average daily gain (ADG). Carcass composition and quality traits evaluated included hot carcass weight (HCW), rib eye area (REA), marbling score (MARB), dressing percent (DP), quality …

Live And Carcass Characteristics Of Boer- And Savannah-Cross Kid Buckling Goats Fed Dried Distillers Grain With Solubles, James Neil Maynard

LSU Master's Theses

The available supply of domestic goat meat has not matched the increased demand for goat meat. High cost of production is a concern of goat producers, with feed being a major factor in input expenses. Increasing slaughter weight of kid meat goats would increase the available goat meat, but requires added nutrition beyond that obtained from typical forage based systems for goat production. Savannah bucklings (n=31) and Boer bucklings (n=28) were stratified by weight and breed and were randomly assigned a treatment of 0 (T1), 15 (T2), 30 (T3), or 45 (T4) percent dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS). One …

Registration Of ‘Newell’ Smooth Bromegrass, K P. Vogel, R B. Mitchell, B L. Waldron, M R. Haferkamp, J D. Berdahl, D D. Baltensperger, Galen Erickson, T J. Klopfenstein

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

No abstract provided.

New Approaches To Corn Silage Use In Beef Cattle Finishing Diets, Dirk B. Burken

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Cattle feeders are considering alternative feedstuffs to replace expensive corn grain and decrease rations costs. Feeding corn silage allows cattle feeders to take advantage of the entire corn plant at a time of maximum quality and tonnage as well as secure substantial quantities of roughage and grain inventory. Distiller’s grains have proven to be economical and are now a commonplace ingredient in feedlot finishing diets. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding increased concentrations of corn silage in replacement of corn grain in finishing diets containing distillers grains. Feedlot gains and gain:feed ratios were reduced as corn silage …

The Effect Of Weather During Rearing On Morphometric Traits Of Juvenile Cliff Swallows, Erin A. Roche, Mary Bomberger Brown, Charles R. Brown

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Episodes of food deprivation may change how nestling birds allocate energy to the growth of skeletal and feather morphological traits during development. Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) are colonial, insectivorous birds that regu­larly experience brief periods of severe weather–induced food deprivation during the nesting season which may affect offspring development. We investigated how annual variation in timing of rearing and weather were associated with length of wing and tail, skeletal traits, and body mass in juvenile cliff swallows reared in southwestern Nebraska during 2001–2006. As predicted under conditions of food deprivation, nestling skeletal and feather measurements were generally smaller …

Index-Based Insurance And Risk Management Among Nomadic Mongolian Herders , Kelsey Larson

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Mongolian herders must contend with the risk of dzuds, harsh winters that can kill large numbers of livestock. To do so, they use a mixture of formal financial tools and traditional risk mitigation techniques. This paper is a study of the interaction between the Mongolian Index-based Livestock Insurance Program and traditional informal risk mitigation techniques. The researcher interviews herders in Bulgan soum, Arhangai aimag and Galuut soum, Bayanhongor aimag to compare the IBLI program’s impact in a community that has had IBLI since 2006 and one that only received IBLI in 2012. This study finds that insurance purchase is positively …

Biomarkers Of Inflammation, Metabolism, And Oxidative Stress In Blood, Liver, And Milk Reveal A Better Immunometabolic Status In Peripartal Cows Supplemented With Smartamine M Or Metasmart, J. S. Osorio, E. Trevisi, P. Ji, J. K. Drackley, D. Luchini, G. Bertoni, J. J. Loor

Physiology Collection

The peripartal dairy cow experiences a state of reduced liver function coupled with increased inflammation and oxidative stress. This study evaluated the effect of supplementing basal diets with rumen-protected Met in the form of MetaSmart (MS) or Smartamine M (SM) (both from Adisseo Inc., Antony, France) during the peripartal period on blood and hepatic biomarkers of liver function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Thirty-seven multiparous Holstein cows were fed the same basal diet from −50 to −21 d relative to expected calving [1.24 Mcal/kg of dry matter (DM); no Met supplementation]. From −21 d to calving, the cows received diets …

A Fish Farmer’S Role In Sustainable Aquaculture: An Overview Of Philippine Aquaculture, Janice A. Ragaza, Jonni Fay C. Teves

Biology Faculty Publications

The expansion of Philippine aquaculture is essential to addressing poverty and food insecurity in the midst of a seemingly irreversible decline in national capture fisheries. Concomitant with its rise, however, are compounding environmental problems caused by climate change, lackluster governance and irresponsible farming practices. It is equally important to ensure aquaculture sustainability so that fish demand from a rapidly growing population is continually met and that fish farmers’ socioeconomic well-being is secured. As such, programs have been developed that aim to enjoin the government and private sectors with fishing communities to realize this goal.

Effects Of Stocking Rate On Forage Nutrient Composition Of Nebraska Sandhills Upland Range When Grazed In Early Summer And The Effects Of Grazing On Nebraska Sandhills Meadow Forage Nutrient Composition, Jared Vern Judy

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The objectives of this research were to 1) evaluate the effects of stocking rate on forage nutrient quality 2) quantify the relative proportions of current vs. previous year growth being consumed in early summer upland range pastures and 3) determine how grazing effects forage nutrient quality in subirrigated meadows in the Nebraska Sandhills. Experiment 1 was a two year study conducted on the experimental upland range paddocks at Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory. Twelve 2-hectare paddocks were assigned one of three treatments stocked at 0 (control), 0.57 (light), and 0.85 (heavy) AUM/ha. Ten 0.25 m² quadrats were clipped per paddock during …

Genetic Parameter Estimates And Breed Effects For Calving Difficulty And Birth Weight In A Multi-Breed Population, Cashley Ahlberg

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

There are multiple breeds of beef cattle available to utilize in breeding systems to maximize production and economics. Calving difficulty (dystocia) is a significant cost to beef production and is more prevalent in first-calf heifers. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and breed differences for calving difficulty and birth weight as a first step towards the development of across-breed adjustment factors for calving difficulty.

Two models were employed to analyze birth weight (BWT) and calving difficulty (CD) recorded on 4,579 first parity females from the Germplasm Evaluation program at the United States Meat Animal Research Center …

Changes In Corn Residue Quality Throughout The Grazing Period And Effect Of Supplementation Of Calves Grazing Corn Residue, Amanda J. Burken

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Corn residue is an abundant feed source in Nebraska that can be utilized as an alternative winter feed. Calves were backgrounded on corn residue in order to determine gain and estimate forage intake when supplemented with distillers grains (DGS). Calves grazing the non-irrigated field gained more (1.03 kg/calf daily) when compared to those grazing the irrigated field (0.90 kg/calf daily; P < 0.01). In year 1, a quadratic effect for intake of DGS was present (P < 0.01) while year 2 observed a linear effect for increasing level of DGS (P < 0.01). The nutritional quality of corn residue was evaluated over time in order to determine changes in blade/sheath, cob, husk/shank and stem. Minimal changes in DM of the forage components occurred was grain reached 15.5% moisture. Digestibility of the blade/sheath declined linearly over time (P < 0.01) while the husk remained constant (P = 0.40). Cob digestibility decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) throughout the sampling period with few changes once grain reached 15.5% moisture. Differences observed in the digestibility of the blade/sheath were attributed to the effects of weathering. A third set of trials was conducted to evaluate the effects of by-product supplementation of calves grazing irrigated corn residue and supplemented with DGS or continuous access to lick tubs. The DGS treatment gained more (0.62 kg/calf daily) than the lick tub treatment (0.38 kg/calf daily; P < 0.01). Calves offered DGS consumed more supplement as a percentage of BW (0.52%) when compared with calves offered lick tubs (0.36%; P < 0.01) on a DM basis. Calves supplemented with DGS had a higher supplement efficiency (46.3% to 42.9%, DM basis) although no differences were present between treatments (P = 0.49). When analyzed on an OM basis, however, calves offered lick tubs had a numerically higher supplement efficiency (50.4%) in comparison to calves …