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The Determination Of In Vitro Gas Production And Metabolizable Energy Value Of Rice Straw Treated With Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes, Zehra Selçuk, Nurcan Çeti̇nkaya, Mustafa Salman, Buğra Genç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the effects of cellulase and xylanase treatments on in vitro 24-h gas production (GP), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) values of rice straw (RS). Rice straws were treated with cellulase and xylanase at the levels of 0% (C1), 0.5% (RS+CEL0.5), 1% (RS+CEL1), 1.5% (RS+CEL1.5), and 2% (RS+CEL2) and 0% (C2), 0.5% (RS+XYL0.5), 1% (RS+XYL1), 1.5% (RS+XYL1.5), and 2% (RS+XYL2), respectively. Rice straws treated with each level of cellulase and xylanase were ensiled in 6 glass jars. For each level of cellulase and xylanase treatment, 3 glass jars were incubated at room …

Effects Of Dietary Chicken Grill And Sunflower Seed Oils On Performance, Egg Yolk Cholesterol Level, Biochemical Parameters, And Oxidant/Antioxidant Status Of Laying Hens, Mustafa Numan Oğuz, Fatma Karakaş Oğuz, Tülay Büyükoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary chicken grill oil (CGO) and sunflower seed oil (SO) on performance, some serum and egg yolk biochemical parameters, and blood and liver oxidant/antioxidant status of laying hens. Fifty-four 19-week-old Lohmann laying hens were randomly assigned to three groups. The groups were fed experimental diets containing 5% SO, 5% CGO1, or 7.5% CGO2, respectively. Diets and water were provided ad libitum over 17 weeks. The feed efficiency ratios and cholesterol content in egg yolks with cholesterol and the triglyceride levels in serum were not affected by the diets. However, …

Impact Of Sagebrush Nutrients And Monoterpenes On Greater Sage-Grouse Vital Rates, Brian R. Wing, Terry A. Messmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) depend on sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) to complete its annual life cycle. The winter diet for sage-grouse consists almost entirely of sagebrush leaves, and individual birds may gain weight while foraging on sagebrush. Previous studies have reported higher crude protein and lower monoterpene concentrations in the sagebrush species selected as winter forage by sagegrouse. However, no studies have attempted to link female sage-grouse vital rates (i.e., nest initiation and success, egg fertility, clutch size, and adult survival) to crude protein or monoterpene concentrations of sagebrush plants browsed during pre-nesting periods. From March …

In Ovo Feeding With Ss-Hydroxy Ss-Methylbutyrate And Broilerperformance, Intestinal Health, And Immunity Status, Ömer Hakan Muğlali, Mustafa Salman, Ayhan Gacar, Fi̇li̇z Akdağ, Mustafa Yavuz Gülbahar, Alper Çi̇ftçi̇, Ertan Emek Onuk, Fi̇li̇z Karadaş, Hüseyi̇n Eseceli̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of in ovo administration of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on broiler performance, intestinal health, and immunity were investigated. At day 18 of incubation, fertile eggs were divided into negative (no injection) and positive (physiologic serum injection) controls and three HMB treatment groups. HMB solution was injected at 0.1% (Group 1), 0.2% (Group 2), and 0.3% (Group 3) concentrations. There were no significant differences between the groups for live weight gain, feed conversion rate, and hot carcass, breast meat, liver, and heart weight. However, the gizzard weight in Group 1 was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Although the intestinal villi lengths in the treatment Groups 1 and 3 on day 20 were greater than those in the control groups (P < 0.01), at the end of the experiment there were no significant differences among the groups. For antibody levels, the differences between groups on days 4 and 42 were highly significant (P < 0.01), and the antibody levels in Group 2 were higher than those in the other groups. Separately, growth performance and antibody levels were positively correlated with the length of villi in Group 2 (HMB 0.2%).

Polymorphism Of Exon 2 Of Dio2 Gene And Its Association Withseasonal Reproduction In Sheep, Jianning He, Dongwei Huang, Ran Di, Jinxin Wang, Mingxing Chu, Qiuyue Liu, Wenping Hu, Xiangyu Wang, Zhangyuan Pan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

DIO2 was studied as a candidate gene for reproduction in sheep. Three pairs of primers were designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of exon 2 of DIO2 in nonseasonal and seasonal reproduction breeds. The polymorphisms were detected using SeqMan II and analyzed by PCR-RFLP. The sheep DIO2 gene was cloned and its mutations were detected in five sheep breeds whose reproductive seasonality and litter sizes were different. Association analyses were performed to reveal the relationships between SNPs and reproductive seasonality as well as litter size in sheep. The results showed that a 1041-bp DNA fragment of the sheep DIO2 …

The Efficacy Of Kaolin Clay In Reducing The Duration And Severity Of `Heat' Diarrhea In Foals, Magdalena Pieszka, Jaroslaw Luszczynski, Magdalena Hedrzak, Katerina Goncharova, Stefan G. Pierzynowski

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

'Heat' diarrhea in foals is an onerous but not life-threatening ailment, which indicates that it may be of osmotic origin. This was confirmed by a successful attempt, presented in this paper, to alleviate the severity and duration of foal heat diarrhea with the use of a typical absorbent, kaolin clay, as a feed additive, usually applied in feed production as an anticaking agent. Based on the present results, it can be concluded that treatment of foals maintained on different stud farms with a kaolin paste reduced the duration of heat diarrhea and alleviated its severity (P < 0.05 and P = 0.001). The observed action of kaolin clay, an excellent absorbent, suggests that the so-called heat diarrhea can be caused by disturbances in the intestinal osmotic balance at this specific age of foals. The use of this preparation can reduce the risk of secondary pathological viral or bacterial diarrhea and the requirement for veterinary intervention in foal management. It can also shorten the care period and increase foal well-being, essential for the normal development of a young horse. In addition, prophylactic application of an antidiarrheal preparation based on an industrial by-product, i.e. A cheap component, will reduce the costs of foal care.

Influence Of Dietary Vitamin D3 Supplementation On The Sarcomere Length,Warner?Bratzler Shear Force, Shortening Of Ageing Time, And Sensory Acceptanceof Culinary Beef Muscles, Urszula Karolina Rafalska

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary vitamin D3 supplementation on ageing time, tenderness, and consumer acceptance of 3 muscles: longissimus lumborum, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus from crossbreed bulls. Bulls (n = 48) were divided into 4 experimental groups (n = 12 each) that were administered ground oats supplemented with various amounts of vitamin D3 (0.0, 3.5, 7.0, or 10.0 x 106 IU) at 1 day before slaughter. To determine the effect of vitamin D3 addition, changes in tenderness were measured by sarcomere length and Warner?Bratzler shear force (WBSF). In addition, all of the muscles were …

Effect Of Retinol And Retinol Esters On Performance, Egg Quality, And Blood And Egg Vitamin A Levels In Laying Quails, Murat İlhan, Tuba Bülbül

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to determine the effects of retinol and retinol ester supplementation on performance, egg quality, serum and egg oxidative status, and vitamin A levels in laying quails. Three hundred quails were divided into 5 groups. The control group received a basal diet that contained vitamin premix without vitamin A or vitamin A precursors. The treatment groups received dietary supplementation with retinol and retinol esters [retinyl acetate (R-acetate), retinyl palmitate (R-palmitate), retinyl propionate (R-propionate), 3300 IU/kg]. Egg production and feed conversion ratio improved in all experimental groups. Serum β-carotene and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased and serum retinol levels increased …

Wolf (Canis Lupus) Generation Time And Proportion Of Current Breeding Females By Age, L. David Mech, Shannon M. Barber-Meyer, John Erb

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Information is sparse about aspects of female wolf (Canis lupus) breeding in the wild, including age of first reproduction, mean age of primiparity, generation time, and proportion of each age that breeds in any given year. We studied these subjects in 86 wolves (113 captures) in the Superior National Forest (SNF), Minnesota (MN), during 1972–2013 where wolves were legally protected for most of the period, and in 159 harvested wolves from throughout MN wolf range during 2012–2014. Breeding status of SNF wolves were assessed via nipple measurements, and wolves from throughout MN wolf range, by placental scars. In …

Differential Wolf-Pack-Size Persistence And The Role Of Risk When Hunting Dangerous Prey, Shannon M. Barber-Meyer, L. David Mech, Wesley E. Newton, Bridget L. Borg

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Risk to predators hunting dangerous prey is an emerging area of research and could account for possible persistent differences in gray wolf (Canis lupus) pack sizes. We documented significant differences in long-term wolf-pack-size averages and variation in the Superior National Forest (SNF), Denali National Park and Preserve, Yellowstone National Park, and Yukon, Canada (p < 0.01). The SNF differences could be related to the wolves’ risk when hunting primary prey, for those packs (N = 3) hunting moose (Alces americanus) were significantly larger than those (N = 10) hunting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (F_1,8 = 16.50, p = 0.004). Our data support the hypothesis that differential pack-size persistence may be …

Cognitive Phenotypes And The Evolution Of Animal Decisions, Tamra C. Mendelson, Courtney L. Fitzpatrick, Mark E. Hauber, Charles H. Pence, Rafael L. Rodriguez, Rebecca J. Safran, Caitlin A. Stern, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Jeffrey Stevens Publications

Despite the clear fitness consequences of animal decisions, the science of animal decision making in evolutionary biology is underdeveloped compared with decision science in human psychology. Specifically, the field lacks a conceptual framework that defines and describes the relevant components of a decision, leading to imprecise language and concepts. The ‘judgment and decision-making’ (JDM) framework in human psychology is a powerful tool for framing and understanding human decisions, and we apply it here to components of animal decisions, which we refer to as ‘cognitive phenotypes’. We distinguish multiple cognitive phenotypes in the context of a JDM framework and highlight empirical …

Visual And Olfactory Concealment Of Duck Nests: Influence On Nest Site Selection And Success, Jennifer S. Borgo, Michael R. Conover

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Selecting a nest site is an important decision for waterfowl. Because most nest failure is due to depredation, the primary selective pressure in choosing a nest site should be to reduce depredation risk. This task is difficult, however, because predators use differing tactics to locate nests, such as olfactory or visual cues. The purpose of this research was to evaluate both the olfactory and visual components of waterfowl nest site selection and nest depredation in North Dakota. We located waterfowl nests, monitored them until termination (hatched or depredated), and collected both visual and olfactory concealment characteristics of nest sites and …

Response Of Greater Sage-Grouse To Surface Coal Mining And Habitat Conservation In Association With The Mine, Steven L. Petersen, B. Kirk Nicholes, S. Nicole Frey, Kevin M. Heaton, Dennis L. Eggett

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) is a sagebrushobligate species that has experienced species-wide declines in population density and distribution. Sage-grouse habitats support human-related needs including domestic livestock grazing, urban development, and energy extraction. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service identified energy extraction as a range-wide sage-grouse conservation threat. Mining has been of specific concern because of observed sage-grouse population declines and impaired habitat within close proximity to the activity. Mining may be particularly problematic for small, isolated sage-grouse populations. In southwestern Utah, proactive habitat improvements and predator management have been implemented to mitigate the potential effects of surface …

Declining Populations Of Greater Sage-Grouse: Where And Why, Michael R. Conover, Anthony J. Roberts

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Scientists have been predicting the extinction of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) since 1916, and sage-grouse populations have declined relentlessly during the last century despite attempts to reverse the decline. In this review paper, we examined the scientific literature to evaluate hypotheses about why sage-grouse populations have declined. There is little support for the hypotheses that the decline is due to overhunting, parasites, food shortages, or collisions with power lines or fences. West Nile Virus (WNV) reduced sagegrouse up to 25% when the virus first reached the West during 2002, but sage-grouse have developed resistance to the virus since …

Short-Term Fate Of Rehabilitated Orphan Black Bears Released In New Hampshire, Wesley E. Smith, Peter J. Pekins, Andrew A. Timmins, Benjamin Kilham

Human–Wildlife Interactions

We evaluated the release of rehabilitated, orphan black bears (Ursus americanus) in northern New Hampshire. Eleven bears (9 males, 2 females; 40–45 kg) were outfitted with GPS radio-collars and released during May and June of 2011 and 2012. Bears released in 2011 had higher apparent survival and were not observed or reported in any nuisance behavior, whereas no bears released in 2012 survived, and all were involved in minor nuisance behavior. Analysis of GPS locations indicated that bears in 2011 had access to and used abundant natural forages or habitat. Conversely, abundance of soft and hard mast was …

Use Of Predator Hair To Enhance Perceived Risk To White-Tailed Deer In A Foraging Context, Thomas W. Seamans, Bradley F. Blackwell, Kimberly E. Linnell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Deer react to predator scent in varying degrees even when exposed to unknown predators. This response could be genetically based and maintained as long as the population is exposed to predation. We tested whether predator scent in the form of hair would enhance perceived risk and serve as a foraging repellent to free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). During the winters of 2013 and 2014, we quantified alert behaviors and consumption of whole-kernel corn in response to current (coyote [Canis latrans]) and extirpated (bobcat [Lynx rufus]; black bear [Ursus americanus]) predator species alone …

Why Fish Do Not Feel Pain, Brian Key

Animal Sentience

Only humans can report feeling pain. In contrast, pain in animals is typically inferred on the basis of nonverbal behaviour. Unfortunately, these behavioural data can be problematic when the reliability and validity of the behavioural tests are questionable. The thesis proposed here is based on the bioengineering principle that structure determines function. Basic functional homologies can be mapped to structural homologies across a broad spectrum of vertebrate species. For example, olfaction depends on olfactory glomeruli in the olfactory bulbs of the forebrain, visual orientation responses depend on the laminated optic tectum in the midbrain, and locomotion depends on pattern generators …

Should Fish Feel Pain? A Plant Perspective, František Baluška

Animal Sentience

Key (2016) claims fish that fish do not feel pain because they lack the necessary neuronal architecture: their responses to noxious stimuli, according to Key, are executed automatically without any feelings. However, as pointed out by many of his commentators, this conclusion is not convincing. Plants might provide some clues. Plants are not usually thought to be very active behaviorally, but the evidence suggests otherwise. Moreover, in stressful situations, plants produce numerous chemicals that have painkilling and anesthetic properties. Finally, plants, when treated with anesthetics, cannot execute active behaviors such as touch-induced leaf movements or rapid trap closures after localizing …

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2016), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue includes the 2015 South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report.

[Page] 2 Director's Message
[Page] 3 Concentrating On Cattle: Researcher Studying Mechanics To Improve Reproduction Efficiency In Beef Cattle
[Page] 5 At The Forefront: SDSU Diagnostic Lab Scientists Sequence Avian Influenza Genome
[Page] 6 Seeking Superior Wheat: Breeder Using Extensive Genome Testing To Improve Winter Wheat Cultivars
[Page] 8 Profiles In Leadership: Plant And Fungi Interactions May Offer New Plant Production Possibilities
[Page] 9 Targeting Emerging Diseases: Plant Pathologists Working To Better Manage Soybean & Sunflower Diseases
[Page] 10 Compelling New Crop: Carinata Offers Potential For Crop Diversity, …

Estimation Of Stray Dog And Cat Populations In Metropolitan Ankara, Turkey, Doğukan Özen, Dankmar Böhning, İsmayi̇l Safa Gürcan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Stray dogs and cats contribute to serious health problems in human societies around the world. Before any necessary interventions to control the stray dogs and cats, an accurate estimate of their populations should be attained. Yet, there is a very limited number of methods for an estimation. Some of them depend on the identification of marked or counted animals. However, problems arise when it is not possible to identify a previously captured animal. In this paper, we used a different approach to estimate the lower bound for the total number of dogs and cats in consecutively visited settlements that might …

Evaluation Of Renal And Hepatic Functions In Cattle With Subclinical And Clinical Ketosis, Mustafa İssi̇, Yusuf Gül, Onur Başbuğ

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to research the changes in renal and hepatic functions of high productive dairy cows diagnosed with subclinical and clinical ketosis. The material of the study consisted of 30 dairy cows of high milk production. Diagnosis of ketosis was made according to anamnesis, physical examination, urine ketone bodies, and serum β-hydroxybutyric acid levels. The animals were divided according to their serum β-hydroxybutyric acid levels into control, subclinical, and clinical ketosis groups, each of which included 10 cows. Serum glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, aspartate amino transaminase (AST), and total bilirubin levels were determined with an …

The Effect Of Ovulatory Follicle Size At The Time Of Insemination Onpregnancy Rate In Lactating Dairy Cows, Abdulkadi̇r Keski̇n, Gülnaz Meci̇toğlu, Ebru Bi̇len, Bariş Güner, Abdülkadi̇r Orman, Hayretti̇n Okut, Ahmet Gümen

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aims of this study were to determine the factors that affect follicle size at the time of artificial insemination (AI) and to detect the relationship between ovulatory follicle size at the time of AI and pregnancy rate in dairy cows. A total of 1428 follicle size measurements were obtained from Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Swedish Red (SR) cows that were inseminated with the fixed-timed AI protocols used in this study. Follicle size was affected by breed (P = 0.0001), milk production (P = 0.01), parity (P = 0.05), and season (P = 0.04). Follicle size was greater (P = 0.0001) …

Mycoflora And Chemotype Characterization Of Fusarium Graminearum Isolatesobtained From Corn And Barley Used As Feedstuffs In The Northeast Of Iran, Abdollah Salehi, Roya Rezaeian Doloei

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to investigate the mycoflora and chemotyping of Fusarium graminearum isolates in corn and barley used in industrial dairy farms in Khorasan-Razavi Province, northeastern Iran. For this purpose, a total of 128 corn and barley samples were collected from 16 different large industrial dairy farms. Mean moisture of the samples collected in different seasons of the year was significantly different (P < 0.05). The most prevalent fungi isolated from corn samples were Penicillium spp. (90.62%) and Aspergillus spp. (82.81%), and that of barley samples was Penicillium spp. (89.06%). Frequency of Fusarium spp. İn corn and barley samples was 85.93% and 26.56%, respectively. All isolates (100%) were confirmed as Fusarium using an ITS primer. Eight (11.11%) out of 72 Fusarium spp. İsolates were confirmed as F. Graminearum using species-specific primers. Five out of 8 F. Graminearum isolates were positive in terms of the presence of the trichothecene-producing gene using a Tri5-specific primer. Three and 2 out of 5 toxin-producing F. Graminearum isolates were positive using Tri13DON- and Tri13NIV-specific primers, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of toxigenic Fusarium in corn and barley samples used in feedstuffs in Iran is a potential risk to animal and human health.

Patterns Of Skull Variation In Relation To Some Geoclimatic Conditions Inthe Greater Jerboa Jaculus Orientalis (Rodentia, Dipodidae) From Tunisia, Abderraouf Ben Faleh, Hassen Allaya, Jean Pierre Quignard, Adel Abdel Aleem Basyouny Shahin, Monia Trabelsi

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The greater Egyptian jerboa Jaculus orientalis is a member of the subfamily Dipodinae and widely distributed in Tunisia. Previous allozymic and karyotypic studies showed high gene flow and absence of genetic structuration. This study aimed to analyze the geographic patterns of cranial morphometric variation among populations of this species in Tunisia. The extent of morphometric patterns was addressed in a survey of 13 craniodental characters among 162 adult specimens collected from 12 localities within its distribution range by using univariate and multivariate statistics. Our results supported the existence of three morphotypes of this species comparable to three climatic zones, the …

Site Selection Of European Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Citellus) In Eastern Romania And How They Are Influenced By Climate, Relief, And Vegetation, Gheorghe Zaharia, Laurentiu Petrencu, Emanuel Ştefan Baltag

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Climatic and relief factors could limit the distribution of nonmigratory animals, and especially those that inhabit temperate areas. The limitations are stronger for habitat specialist species and a good understanding of these influences can contribute significantly to the development of conservation measures to protect them. The European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) is a small mammal inhabiting pastures and areas of short herbaceous vegetation from Central and Southeastern Europe with limited data about their colony site selectivity. During the first wide survey of the European ground squirrel in Eastern Romania we identified a strong influence of annual precipitation, aspect, slope, vegetation …

Human-Wildlife Conflict As A Barrier To Large Carnivore Managementand Conservation In Turkey, Mark Chynoweth, Emrah Çoban, Çağatay Altin, Çağan Şekerci̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Large carnivorous mammals are wide-ranging animals and thus frequently come into contact with human settlements in agrarian landscapes. This often generates human-wildlife conflict; carnivores potentially damage livestock, agricultural products, or human well-being. In Turkey, the cooccurrence of eight medium-large carnivore species combined with a burgeoning human population and unsustainable consumption of natural resources increasingly threatens carnivore populations. To better understand human-wildlife conflict in Turkey and provide potential solutions, we conducted 959 human opinion surveys in 2006, 2010, and 2014 in 58 distinct settlements surrounding the Sarıkamış-Allahuekber Mountains National Park in Kars, Ardahan, and Erzurum provinces. Results show that respondents regularly …

Supplementation Effects Of Seleno-Compounds, Carnosic Acid, And Fish Oil Onconcentrations Of Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, Cholesterol, And Amino Acids In The Livers Of Lambs, Agnieszka Justyna Rozbicka-Wieczorek, Edyta Wiesyk, Katarzyna Agnieszka Krajewska-Bienias, Krzysztof Wereszka, Marian Czauderna

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Lambs were fed a diet containing 3% rapeseed oil (RO) (the RO diet), a diet with 2% RO and 1% fish oil (FO) (the FO diet), or diets with combined additions of 2% RO, 1% FO, 0.1% carnosic acid (CA) (the CA diet), and 0.35 ppm Se as selenized yeast (SeY) (the CASeY diet) or selenate (SeVI) (the CASeVI diet). The CASeVI diet most effectively increased the body mass gain of lambs, while it most efficiently decreased the liver mass. The CASeVI diet most efficiently reduced the concentration of cholesterol and the lipid peroxidation in the liver. The CA diet …

The Effect Of Feeding Rhizopus Oligosporus On Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profile, Fecal Microbiota, And Fecal Score In Weanling Pigs, Jae Hong Park, Hyeok Min Yun, In Ho Kim

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Piglets were allocated to 1 of 3 treatments by body weight and sex, and fed different levels of 0%, 0.15%, and 0.30% of R. oligosporus 1.0 x 106 cfu/g, in a basal diet based on corn-soybean meal for 35 days. Piglets fed diets supplemented with R. oligosporus had higher average daily gain during days 15-35 and 1-35 (quadratic, P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio during 1-35 days showed a significant improvement, as dietary R. oligosporus supplementation increased from 0.15% to 0.30% (linear, P < 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) was increased at 2 weeks, as dietary R. oligosporus supplementation increased significantly (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05), and ATTD of dry matter, CP, and energy were linearly increased at 5 weeks (P < 0.05). The serum IgG concentration was significantly increased in the R. oligosporus-fed groups (quadratic, P < 0.05). Fecal Lactobacillus counts were significantly increased quadratically and coliform bacteria counts were decreased linearly, as dietary R. oligosporus supplementation increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, diets containing R. oligosporus may improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, IgG concentration, and intestinal environment in weanling pigs.

Bacteria Associated With Clinical Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome In Farmed Sows In The Republic Of Macedonia, Branko Angjelovski, Aleksandar Cvetkovikj, Slavcho Mrenoshki, Miroslav Radeski, Iskra Cvetkovikj, Marija Ratkova, Toni Dovenski

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to gather information about the prevalence of bacterial species in farmed sows, with special focus on the clinical manifestation of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS). One hundred and sixteen sows from 5 pig farms in the Republic of Macedonia were clinically examined for PDS 12?24 h after farrowing. Milk samples and vaginal swabs for bacteriological testing were taken from PDS-affected (PDSA, n = 30) and PDS-unaffected (PDSU, n = 86) sows. Escherichia coli, staphylococci, and streptococci were the predominant bacteria isolates. Escherichia coli was the most frequently found isolate, with a prevalence of 73.3% in …

Occurrence Of Caryophyllaeid Parasite Species (Plathelminthes) In Chub, Squalis Cephalus, Of Serban Dam Lake, Turkey: Including A New Host And A New Locality, Meli̇ke Açikel Yi̇ği̇t, Mehmet Oğuz Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Zoology

An examination was conducted on caryophyllaeid cestode fauna of Squalius cephalus obtained from Serban Dam Lake in Turkey between February 2009 and August 2010. At the end of the study, from the 114 S. Cephalus examined, 14 host fish specimens were infected with 75 Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (prevalence 12.3% and mean parasite intensity 5.3 ± 10.0 parasites/fish) and one host fish specimen was infected with 65 Biacetabulum appendiculatum (prevalence 0.9%, 65 parasites). Infection data of the parasite species were evaluated for seasons, host fish size, and sex. The period of the study covered the four seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter. …