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Juvenile Rank Acquisition Is Associated With Fitness Independent Of Adult Rank, Eli D. Strauss, Daizaburo Shizuka, Kay E. Holekamp

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Social rank is a significant determinant of fitness in a variety of species. The importance of social rank suggests that the process by which juveniles come to establish their position in the social hierarchy is a critical component of development. Here, we use the highly predictable process of rank acquisition in spotted hyenas to study the consequences of variation in rank acquisition in early life. In spotted hyenas, rank is ‘inherited’ through a learning process called ‘maternal rank inheritance.’ This pattern is very consistent: approximately 80% of juveniles acquire the exact rank expected under the rules of maternal rank inheritance. …

Value Added Fed And Feeder Cattle Practices: Are They Paying?, Elliott James Dennis

Extension Farm and Ranch Management News

Summary

Some value added management programs clearly pay more than others and some do not pay at all. However, just like with a breeding or forage management strategy where not every year the cow gets bred back or the grass has sufficient protein, a value added program strategies premiums vary year to year. Switching the way cattle are managed and raised, handled, and fed requires planning and an understanding of labor and management capabilities. Not every cattle producer could or even should switch management practices an animal health protocol – even if premiums do exist. Thus, careful planning and consideration …

Effects Of Deepwater Horizon Oil On Feather Structure And Thermoregulation In Gulls: Does Rehabilitation Work?, Katherine Horak, Nicole L. Barrett, Jeremy W. Ellis, Emma M. Campbell, Nicholas G. Dannemiller, Susan A. Shriner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Impacts of large-scale oil spills on avian species are far-reaching.While media attention often focuses on lethal impacts, sub-lethal effects and the impacts of rehabilitation receive less attention. The objective of our study was to characterize effects of moderate external oiling and subsequent rehabilitation on feather structure and thermoregulation in gulls. We captured 30 wild ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) and randomly assigned each individual to an experimental group: 1) controls, 2) rehabilitated birds (externally oiled, rehabilitated by washing), or 3) oiled birds (externally oiled, not rehabilitated). We externally oiled birds with weathered MC252 Deepwater Horizon oil (water for controls) …

The Effects Of Dietary Linoleic Acid And Hydrophilic Antioxidants On Basal, Peak, And Sustained Metabolism In Flight‐Trained European Starlings, Wales A. Carter, Kristen J. Demoranville, Barbara J. Pierce, Scott R. Mcwilliams

Biology Faculty Publications

Dietary micronutrients have the ability to strongly influence animal physiology and ecology. For songbirds, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and antioxidants are hypothesized to be particularly important micronutrients because of their influence on an individual's capacity for aerobic metabolism and recovery from extended bouts of exercise. However, the influence of specific fatty acids and hydrophilic antioxidants on whole‐animal performance remains largely untested. We used diet manipulations to directly test the effects of dietary PUFA, specifically linoleic acid (18:2n6), and anthocyanins, a hydrophilic antioxidant, on basal metabolic rate (BMR), peak metabolic rate (PMR), and rates of fat catabolism, lean catabolism, and …

Transcriptome Analyses Of Liver In Newly-Hatched Chicks During The Metabolic Perturbation Of Fasting And Re-Feeding Reveals Thrspa As The Key Lipogenic Transcription Factor, Larry A. Cogburn, Nares Trakooljul, Xiaofei Wang, Laura E. Ellestad, Tom E. Porter

Biology Faculty Research

Background

The fasting-refeeding perturbation has been used extensively to reveal specific genes and metabolic pathways that control energy metabolism in the chicken. Most global transcriptional scans of the fasting-refeeding response in liver have focused on juvenile chickens that were 1, 2 or 4 weeks old. The present study was aimed at the immediate post-hatch period, in which newly-hatched chicks were subjected to fasting for 4, 24 or 48 h, then refed for 4, 24 or 48 h, and compared with a fully-fed control group at each age (D1-D4).

Results

Visual analysis of hepatic gene expression profiles using hierarchical and K-means …

Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Stipe Peptides As In-Vitro Radical Scavenging, Ferrous Iron Chelating, & Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Compounds, Suraj Meharwade

Food Science (MS) Theses

Ferrous iron chelating, ABTS radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant activity of mushroom stipe peptides obtained using Protamex® and V8 protease has not been investigated. Additionally, the effects of peptides on protein carbonyl formation during myofibrillar oxidation is unknown. Oxidation of lysine, arginine, and proline in myofibrillar protein from red meat results in reduced meat quality owing to changes in water composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant performance of <1 kDa and 1-3 kDa mushroom peptides obtained by Protamex®-V8 hydrolysis against mushroom hydrolysate, mushroom protein, and mushroom stipe for radical scavenging, ferrous chelating, and ferric reducing activity, as well as their effects on protein carbonyl formation within a protein oxidation system. <1 kDa peptides exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) in-vitro ferrous iron chelating activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity as compared to mushroom stipe and 1-3 kDa peptides. Whereas, 1-3 kDa peptides demonstrated significantly …

Before And After The Storm: Interactions Between Tree-Fall Canopy Gaps, Plant Phenology, And Frugivorous Lemurs In Masoala National Park, Madagascar, Monica Sue Mogilewsky

Dissertations and Theses

Madagascar is one of Earth's top biodiversity hotspots, with 80% of life on the island considered endemic. Among the endemic species are lemurs, a diverse group of non-human primates. Unfortunately, Madagascar's diversity, including lemurs, is threatened by habitat degradation and loss. Despite intense anthropogenic pressure over the past 50 years, scientists have not detected any lemur extinctions during this period. Some researchers have proposed that lemurs' adaptations to natural disturbances have provided these taxa resiliency against anthropogenic disturbances. Certainly, Madagascar experiences an extreme disturbance regime: the island experiences an average of over three cyclones a year. These cyclones create numerous, …

Labeling Compliance And Species Authentication Of Fish Fillets Sold At Grocery Stores In Southern California, Priscila Liou, Angela Banda, Rachel B. Isaacs, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Seafood mislabeling has numerous consequences, including economic deception and food safety risks. The focus of this study was to investigate fish species labeling, use of acceptable market names, and Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) compliance for fresh fish fillets sold at grocery store seafood counters in Southern California. A total of 120 fillets representing 16 different categories of fish were collected from 30 Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act (PACA)-listed grocery stores. Each sample underwent DNA barcoding to identify the species. Acceptable market names were confirmed using the FDA Seafood List. Samples were determined to be compliant with COOL if both …

Table Of Contents

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

No abstract provided.

Buying Healthy Goats And Keeping Them That Way, Susan Kerr

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

Abstract

Starting a goat herd with healthy animals prevents expense and effort eliminating infectious diseases. Pre-purchase testing and examinations are worth their cost because of the savings realized through fewer animal illnesses, increased production, lower medication costs, and reduced culling. Key management practices such as hoof trimming, vaccinating, body condition scoring, and assessing parasite loads are needed to maintain herd health. Biosecurity practices must become routine to prevent the introduction and/or spread of contagious diseases. Several goat diseases are contagious to humans, so biosecurity measures must address this concern. Excellent record-keeping helps producers monitor health and production trends, document treatments, …

Suitable Breed And Animal Selection For Production Efficiency, Niki Whitley

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

Abstract Several goat breeds are available in the U.S. Selection of the breed should consider farm goals, production systems, markets and resources. Animal selection for breeding stock production and marketing needs to focus on breed characteristics, animal conformation, show winnings and animal pedigrees. Establishing at least one consistent market to include in a business/marketing plan that results in farm profitability prior to animal purchase is critical. After determining breed, animal selection will be critical, including choosing sellers, productive males and females with performance records, show animals, and animals with parasite resistance. For many farms, purchasing healthy, productive animals from sellers …

Grazing System And Management For Goat Production, Steve Hart

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

Abstract Grazing system management is for supplying inexpensive, adequate nutrition for the goat enterprise. This involves managing forages to facilitate dry matter production and managing grazing so forage quality is adequate and harvest efficiency is high while avoiding consuming internal parasites. Since nutrient costs are greatest for winter, the grazing system should be planned to provide some grazing during winter. The forage system should be managed to provide the greatest proportion of nutrients possible during kidding and lactation. The base forage species can be overseeded with cool-season or leguminous species to improve forage production, quality or the seasonal distribution of …

Year-Round Forage Production For Sustainable Goat Farming, Uma Karki

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

Abstract

Goat farming in the U.S. is based on grazing lands. Forages available for grazing throughout most of the year are essential for supplying required nutrition for goats and minimizing production costs. Most goat farmers do not have pastures productive for an extended period. This situation results in poor performing animals and high production costs. Forage availability can improve by enhancing the productivity, quality, and production duration of pastures. The inclusion of browse species in grazing systems will also improve diet variety, minimize internal parasite problems, and better utilize the soil resources. Grazing opportunity can be extended by developing a …

Marketing Toward The Future, Niki Whitley, Susan Schoenian

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

Abstract

United States goat producers face many challenges with regards to marketing. Although the demand for goat products is increasing, the market is fractured. There is a general lack of infrastructure and many producers do not sell their animals or products for fair or profitable prices. Production costs are too high, and there is a need to improve production efficiency. Imports pose a challenge to US goat producers, as domestic production cannot compete with the availability and lower cost of imports. Government regulations hinder market development because non-commercial slaughter is an important aspect of goat marketing, and regulations keep many …

Nutritional Requirements Of Different Classes Of Meat Goats, Nar Gurung

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

Abstract

Feeds provide nutrients to animals. Feeds can be grains, crop by-products or forages. Forages can form the basis of feeds for goats in the southeastern US because year-round forage production is possible. Since goats are classified as browsers, the forage program should consist of browse and pasture. Managing browse species as feed resources is challenging, and there is limited information relative to managing browse species. Hay is the main forage feed for goats in the region and average quality hay can meet nutrient requirements for maintenance. However, nutrient requirements for late-pregnancy, lactation, and growing goats cannot be met with …

Musical Dogs: A Review Of The Influence Of Auditory Enrichment On Canine Health And Behavior, Abigail Lindig, Paul Mcgreevy, Angela Crean

Stress Collection

Music therapy yields many positive health outcomes in humans, but the effects of music on the health and welfare of nonhuman animals vary greatly with the type of music played, the ethology of the species, and the personality and learning history of individual animals. One context in which music therapy may be used to enhance animal welfare is to alleviate stress in domestic environments. Here, we review studies of the effects of music exposure on dogs as a case study for the implementation of music therapy in veterinary medicine. Nine reports of experimental testing for the therapeutic effects of music …

Length-Weight Relationships And Condition Factor Of Five Endemic Fish Species Fromnandu And Wanquan Rivers In Hainan Island, China, Zhice Liang, Xingwei Cai

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships (LLRs), and condition factor were estimated for Puntius semifasciolatus (Günther, 1868), Acrossocheilus iridescens (Nichols and Pope, 1927), Plesiomyzon baotingensis (Zheng and Chen, 1980), Hemibagrus hainanensis (Tchang, 1935) and Glyptothorax hainanensis (Nichols and Pope, 1927) obtained from Nandu and Wanquan Rivers in Hainan Island during June 2017 to April 2019. Fish samples were collected by a combination of methods including multinet gillnets (20 m in length, 1.5 m in height, there monofilament panels of mesh sizes: 1.0, 6.0, 12.5 cm), benthic large bag nets (5 meters long, stretching mesh size: 0.5 cm). The LWRs and LLRs …

Dna Damage, Oxidative Stress, Decreased Viability And Motility In Common Carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.) Spermatozoa Induced By Tryptophan, Phenylalanine And Cysteine Amino Acids During Short-Term Storage, Mahi̇r Kanyilmaz, Burak Evren İnanan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Free amino acids are found in spermatozoa and seminal plasma. Their qualitative and quantitative presence have been affected by many factors. Under in vitro storage conditions, their effects on spermatozoa in animal species and also human have been concerned over the last decades. In this study, the effects of tryptophan, phenylalanine and cysteine on DNA integrity, lipid peroxidation, viability and motility parameters in spermatozoa of the common carp (Cyprinuscarpio) were assessed during short-term storage. Spermatozoa were incubated at 1, 5, 25, and 50 mM of these amino acids in vitro at 4 °C in a time?dependent manner (6, 24, and …

The Effect Of Grazing By Geese, Goats, And Fallow Deer On Soil Mites (Acari), Sylwiusz Pacek, Anna Seniczak, Radomir Graczyk, Boguslaw Chachaj, Barbara Waldon-Rudzionek

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The study investigated the effects of grazing by geese, goats, and fallow deer on soil mites. It included a total of 360 samples collected in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2016 and 2017 in north-central Poland. Study plots were situated in three pastures grazed by geese, goats, and fallow deer, and three meadows near the pastures served as controls. All study plots were fenced. In total 22,561 mites (Acari) were obtained, including 15,641 Oribatida (69.3%), 4926 Mesostigmata (21.8%), and 1994 other mites (8.9%). Only the abundance of Oribatida (therefore, also total Acari) differed significantly in pastures grazed by different …

Investigation Of Protective Effects Of Lithium Borate On Spermatogenesis And Testes Histopathology Against Cadmium-Induced Acute Toxicity In Rats, Serkan Yildirim, Fati̇h Çağlar Çeli̇kezen, Saadet Belhan, Gökhan Oto, Gi̇zem Eser, Emi̇n Şengül, Dursunali̇ Çinar

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, protective effects of lithium borate (LTB) on spermatogenesis as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of testes in experimentally induced acute Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rats were determined. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats, were used, weighing 200-220 g. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, Cd, LTB, and LTB + Cd. Rats were anesthetized with ketamine at the end of the sixth day, blood was taken from their hearts, and the rats were decapitated. Typically, the control and LTB groups exhibited similar values. Compared with those observed for the control group, the sperm morphology (i.e. abnormal …

The Effects Of Feeding Obese Rats With Bee Bread On Leptin And Ghrelin Expression, Züleyha Doğanyi̇ği̇t, Bi̇rkan Yakan, Meltem Soylu, Emi̇n Kaymak, Si̇bel Si̇li̇ci̇

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Obesity is an important public health problem and a risk factor for many chronic diseases, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly. In recent years there has been interest in the impact of nutrients on obesity and this has been addressed as a research topic. Bee bread is a bee product that has recently attracted attention with its macro- and micronutrients and the enzymes and biocomponents it contains. Although there are many studies on the biological properties and effects of bee bread, its effect on obesity with leptin and ghrelin has not been investigated. In this study, 40 Sprague-Dawley adult female …

Nonpharmacological Treatment Options For Alzheimer's Disease: From Animal Testing Toclinical Studies, Hasan Türkez, Mehmet Enes Arslan, Antonio Di Stefano, Ivana Cacciatore, Adi̇l Mardi̇noğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Despite extensive pharmacological approaches, there is no curative therapy for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) or other types of dementias. While current pharmacological options alleviate some symptoms of AD, they can lead to various adverse effects. Hence, nonpharmacological treatment options for AD are often considered with the assumption that they are safe, effective, and economic in managing patients. Furthermore, studies on animal models have suggested that environmental exposures like diet, music, or rewardrelated actions can stimulate neuronal regeneration and differentiation without using any pharmacological factors. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of nonpharmacological treatment options for the management …

Mir-331 Negatively Regulates Thyroglobulin Secretion Via Erp29, Kyungmin Moon, Eun Ryeong Lee, Junghae Kim, Kisang Kwon, Oyu Kwon

Turkish Journal of Zoology

We investigated the effect of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein 29 (ERp29) on thyroglobulin (Tg) secretion and its negative regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). ERp29 overexpression promoted Tg secretion from thyrocytes of PCCL3 cells via activation of ER stress sensors, including activation of transcription factor 6 fragmentation, XBP1 mRNA splicing by inositol-requiring enzyme 1, and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha as downstream actions of RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase. Thyroid hormone receptor beta is a target gene of mir-331, one of the most abundant miRNAs observed in ERp29-overexpressing cells. mir-331 negatively regulated Tg expression and secretion by ~70% compared with …

Vertebrate Insulin Alters The Expression Profile Of Steroid Hormone Ecdysone Receptorcomplex Components And Autophagy-Related Genes In The Pupal Fat Body Of The Silkworm, Bombyx Mori, Sedat Yelkovan, Nesri̇n Ebru Göncü

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Various studies have shown that the insulin-like peptides present in insects and investigation of their possible effects on insect physiology have significance for clarifying the evolutionary developmental period of insulin. The insect fat body is an organ analog to vertebrate adipose tissue and liver. In insects which do not have feeding activity during pupal and adult stages such as Bombyx mori, substances and energy required for continuation of life and development of tissues and organs are provided by the fat body via the autophagy process. In this study, we aimed to analyze the action of mammalian insulin in Bombyx pupae …

A Comparative Evaluation Of Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Between Theitalian Mullet Mugil Cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) And The Turkish Mullet Chelon Auratus (Risso 1810), Francesco Fazio, Concetta Saoca, Ümi̇t Acar, Ri̇fat Tezel, Murat Çeli̇k, Sevdan Yilmaz, Osman Sabri̇ Kesbi̇ç, Ferhat Yalgin, Murat Yi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study aimed to carry out a comparative evaluation of the hematological profile (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and Wintrobe index parameters such as mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), in addition to certain biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum total protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides), in the Italian mullet Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) and the Turkish mullet Chelon auratus (Risso 1810). Accordingly, two groups of fish were used in this study: 30 flathead grey mullets, M. cephalus, caught in Lake Faro, Italy, and 30 golden grey mullets, …

Foraging Strategy Plasticity In Fiordland Penguins (Eudyptes Pachyrhynchus): A Stable Isotope Approach, Jeffrey Wayne White

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Foraging ecology in the crested penguins (genus: Eudyptes) is an active area of research, with new techniques rapidly increasing our understanding of these charismatic species. The most common techniques to assess foraging ecology include stomach content analysis, fecal DNA analysis, stable isotope analysis, tracking, and video loggers. Here we review dietary research on all 8 taxa within the genus Eudyptes to identify gaps in our current knowledge. However, foraging studies that assess dietary segregation require a method for quickly and accurately sexing penguins in the field. Obvious sexual dimorphism in plumage is largely absent in penguins leaving behavioral cues …

Ungulate Activity: Effects Of Season, Hunting Pressure, And Plant Type, Alex Capone Lopez

2020 Symposium Posters

Quaking Aspen (Populus tremulodies) is considered priority habitat because it supports diverse understory flora and provides critical nesting and foraging habitat for wildlife. Aspen populations in western North America have declined due to fire suppression and browsing. Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge in eastern Washington addressed declining aspen with prescribed burns. However, aspen growth stimulated by burning was offset by browsing, especially by Elk (Cervus elaphus). Increasing elk numbers prompted initiation of a limited hunt to cull and disperse elk off refuge. To address the impact of these management strategies, we used remote video cameras to monitor …

Identification Of Causes Of Death Of Baikal Seal (Pusa Sibirica Gmelin, 1788), Nina Ryadinskaya, Ivan Meltsov, Maria Tabakova, Inna Anikienko, Svetlana Sayvanova, Alena Molkova, Olga Ilyina, Tatyana Pomoinitskaya

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Baikal seal is the only endemic mammal of Lake Baikal. In late October 2017, 132 dead Baikal seals were found on the shore of the lake. To identify causes of death, postmortem necropsy, virological, chemical toxicological, microbiological, and parasitological studies were carried out. Several hypotheses for explaining the causes of the deaths were put forward. The most probable causes are heart failure and asphyxia due to echo sounders (sonar). The causes were confirmed by the results of histological examination of the hearts and lungs of a large number of dead seals found on the southern shore of Lake Baikal …

Full Issue-- Volume 3 Issue 1, 2020, Issue 1 Volume 3

Pursue: Undergraduate Research Journal

PURSUE: Undergraduate Research Journal

Volume 3 Issue 1, 2020

Article 1 - Harvesting Electrical Energy Produced by Electrogenic Bacteria in Microbial Fuel Cells

Article 2 – The Effects of Fertilizer Rate on the Growth of Egyptian Spinach in a Greenhouse

Article 3 – Exploring the Association Between Nutrition and Mental Health in Adolescence: A Systematic Literature Review

Article 4— Biological Pathways Associated with Wild and Domestic Animals

Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review, Winter 2019-2020, Vikram V. Mistry

The Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review

This is the Winter 2019- 2020 Jackrabbit Dairy and Food Review.
It contains the following articles and information: Message from the Department Head, David A. Thompson Endowment, New Personnel, Judging Activities, Dairy Club, Student Accomplishments, Food Science Club, Career Opportunities, Professional Activities of Faculty and Staff, Dairy Facilities, 2019 Graduates, Where Are They Now?, Scholarships, Dairy and Food Science Students, Outreach, Distinguished Alumnus