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Effect Of Biopreservative Cultures On The Shelf Life Of Modified Atmosphere Packaged Chicken Cocktail Sausage, Sevgi̇ Ataş, Gökhan Kürşad İnci̇li̇, Hali̇l Durmuşoğlu, Mehmet Çalicioğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was undertaken to extend the shelf life of modified atmosphere packaged chicken cocktail sausages by using biopreservative cultures (Lactobacillus sakei (B-2) and Lactobacillus curvatus (B-LC-48)). According to the results, cocktail sausages in control group stored either at 4 °C or 10 °C were spoiled as of day 28 due to a decrease in average flavor score and general acceptance score and increases in mesophilic and psychrotrophic colony counts (p < 0.05). In bioprotective cultures treated groups, no spoilage was detected throughout the 60-day storage at 4 °C, whereas those products stored at 10 °C spoiled as of day 42. Results of this study indicated that the bioprotective cultures tested were able to control the spoilage bacteria by establishing bacterial predominance starting from the first day of the shelf life (p < 0.05). It was concluded that these cultures can be useful in chicken cocktail sausages production, especially when a proper cold chain cannot be guaranteed during transportation and at retail.

Effects Of Partial Replacement Of Conventional Limestone With Dietary Micro-Calciumcarbonate On Performance, Egg Quality, Hematology, And Calcium Metabolism Of Laying Hens During Peak Production, Eyüp Eren Gültepe, Aamir Iqbal, Cangi̇r Uyarlar, İbrahi̇m Sadi̇ Çeti̇ngül, Ümi̇t Özçinar, İsmai̇l Bayram

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of limestone replacement with dietary micro-calcium carbonate (MCC) on performance, egg quality, and serum Ca metabolism in peak-phase laying hens. A total of 120 laying hens (30 wk of age) were assigned to 1 control or 4 treatment groups for 8 weeks. Half of the total limestone was replaced by calcite in different particle sizes in the treatment groups (1, 20, 40, and 100 µm) and by fine limestone (~2 mm) in control. During the experiment, egg production and mass decreased (p < 0.05); however, eggshell thickness increased in hens fed with calcite groups compared to the control fed birds. There was a contrast between control vs. treatment, and a negative linear trend (p = 0.11) with the particle sizes for feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded. The different particle size of calcite had no effect on feed consumption, egg quality parameters, and hematology parameters of serum. However, the serum calcium (p = 0.01) and vitamin D (p < 0.0001) levels were affected by calcite, serum parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, phosphorus levels, and Ca:P ratio were not affected. The effects of dietary calcite sources may differ from conventional or nano-sized calcium carbonate sources in laying hens, especially for Vit D metabolism.

The Relation Of Fat Tissue Hormones And Some Galactopoietic Hormones With Milk Yield In Holstein And Simmental Cows, Zennure Demi̇r, Devri̇m Saripinar Aksu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to investigate the physiological changes in leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin hormones, which are effective in the regulation of energy metabolism, and the galactopoietic hormones including growth hormone (GH), insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4 ) levels, which are also effective in the regulation of metabolic activities and their correlation with milk yield levels in Holstein and Simmental cows with low, medium, and high milk yield. Holstein (n = 30) and Simmental cows (n = 30) with low, medium, and high milk yield were used. Cows were divided into …

Characterization And Relationship Between Bulk Tank Milk Composition And Compostbedded Variables From Dairy Barns In Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil, Karise Fernanda Nogara, Marcos Busanello, Ione Maria Pereira Haygert-Velho, Maity Zopollatto, Karen Dal Magro Frigeri, Paulo Sergio Goes Almeida

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Studies with compost bedded pack dairy barn system (CBDB) are still recent in Brazil. Thus, we used principal component and canonical correlation analysis to characterize and verify the relationship between compost bedded variables (CB) and bulk tank milk variables (BTM). Data are from 8 dairy farms comprising August to October 2018, in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Results indicated a heterogeneous BTM composition and CB management among dairy farms, besides a strong relationship between the two sets of variables (1st pair, rc = 0.972; p = 0.0253). Linear combination of CB variables explained 31.2% of …

Effects Of Age At Feedlot Entry On Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Beef Qualitytraits Of Holstein Friesian Bulls Reared In High Altitude Of Eastern Turkey, Veysel Fati̇h Özdemi̇r, Mete Yanar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of different initial fattening ages on the fattening performance, carcass features, and meat quality traits of Holstein Friesian bulls. A total of 24 Holstein-Friesian intact males were used in the study. The bulls were allocated to the initial fattening age groups named as Young Group (8-10 months old) (YG), Middle Aged Group (12-14 months old) (MAG) and Older Group (15-17 months old) (OG) and then placed in the feedlot based on three age groups at feedlot entry. The data that has normal distribution were analysed by using the LSMM in …

Effect Of Buck Existence On Some Reproductive Hormone Levels During Premating Inakkeçi Goats, Ali̇ Şenok, Erkan Pehli̇van, Fati̇n Cedden

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the effect of buck presence on serum progesterone, estrogen and FSH levels during the premating in 20 female Akkeçi goats was investigated. The goats were assigned to two groups as follows: control group (n = 10) and treatment group (n = 10). At the beginning of study, first blood samples (day 0) were taken from each goat kept isolated away from bucks at mating season. At day 13, female goats in treatment group were placed in a pen next to, that of bucks in order to provide buck effect. Second blood samples were taken from each does …

Determination Of Mucopolysaccharidosis Iiid In Some Goat Breeds, Yasemi̇n Gedi̇k, Orhan Kavuncu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mucopolysaccharidosis IIID (MPS IIID) or Sanfilippo D syndrome is an inherited lysosomal storage disease and caused by a deficiency of the N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity, which involves in the catabolism of heparan sulfate. In addition to humans, canine, feline and murine, goats have been reported as possessing this lysosomal storage disease. The molecular defect in the MPS IIID goat has been previously identified. It has been observed that a molecular base for this defect is a nonsense mutation at nucleotide 322 (C→T) results in the change of the arginine codon to a stop codon. This mutation is not only to be related …

Evaluating The Effects Of Different Silage Additives On Silage Quality And In Vitro Digestionvalues Of The Silages Of Leguminous And Gramineous Forage Plants Grown Withoutfertilizer And Irrigation In Central Anatolian Arid Conditions, Kami̇l Kara, Kanber Kara, Taşkin Erol, Gökhan Şen, Mehmet Aki̇f Karsli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of molasses, and bacterial inoculants on silage quality, fermentation characteristics, nutrient contents, and in vitro digestibility of different forage species grown at terrestrial climate of Central Anatolia without any artificial fertilizer usage and irrigation. Forage peas (Pisum arvense L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz), rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) harvested at the dough stage of triticale and conserved in 1.5 kg jars. Silages were treated with no additive (control silage), 5% molasses and 10 g/t bacterial inoculant. Sensory, pH, organic acid, chemical analyses and in vitro …

Effects Of Feed Restriction On Histopathological Changes Associated With Whitestriping And Wooden Breast Myopathies In Pectoralis Major Muscle And Meat Qualitycharacteristics In Broiler Chickens, Hayri̇ye Değer Oral Toplu, Ni̇hat Toplu, Ahmet Nazligül, Mehmet Kaya, Ayşe Nur Akkoç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feed restriction on histopathological changes associated with white striping and wooden breast myopathies in pectoralis major muscle and meat quality characteristics in broiler chickens. In total, 600 male broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups with 8 replicate pens (15 chicks/pen). Treatments consisted of control, treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4). Control group was fed ad libitum throughout experimental period. T1 and T2 groups received feed as 80% and 70% of amount received by the control group from 11 to 24 …

Comparison Of Performance Parameters, Stress, And Immunity Levels Of Native Andcommercial Layers Reared In Different Cage Densities In Turkey, Uğur Özentürk, Ahmet Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, production performance, stress, and immunity levels of native Turkish and imported commercial laying hens were investigated in two different cage densities. In the trial, a total of 06 groups were formed by using two different cage densities (312.50 and 468.75 cm$^{2}$/hen) on each of 03 different laying hen hybrids of Isa Brown (IB), Atak-S (A-S) and Novogen White (NW). The trial was carried out with 09 replicates in each group having 10 birds per replicate making 540 birds in total. Water and feed were provided as ad libitum. It was found that the native hybrid showed lower …

The Relationship Of Leptin And Thyroid Hormones With Milk Yield And Some Fertilityparameters In Simmental Dairy Cows During Transition Period, Özkan Duru, Alparslan Kadi̇r Devri̇m, Hasan Ceyhun Macun, Si̇bel Yasa Duru, Ali̇ Şenol

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, transition period cows were used to test the hypothesis that serum levels of leptin and thyroid hormones would correlate the production efficiency such as milk yield, body condition score, and fertility in dairy cows raised under the same controlled conditions. The study comprised 37 Simmental cows, which were 3 years old and between 257-265 days of gestation. Serum levels of leptin, T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 hormones were measured in blood samples obtained from the animals, which were in the period of 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after delivery. Prepartum serum leptin levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in cows having increased milk production compared to the first lactation peak value. Also, postpartum serum FT3 levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in cows having milk yield of ≥ 30 kg. Leptin levels were found to be inversely related with milk production and fertility. FT3 levels exhibited a negative correlation with milk production and similarly T3 levels showed an inverse correlation with body condition score. The present study proposed that routine monitoring of leptin and thyroid hormones would be useful for the reproductive management of cows with breeding problems.

Natural Animal Food Preference Of Chinese Mole Shrew (Anourosorex Squamipes) From An Urban Area: A Laboratory Study, Yun-Chun Ye, Yi Luo, Zhao-Min Zhou

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Most wild animals are urban avoiders, but some others become adapters or exploiters successfully living in urban areas. Often, the latter is assumed to be attracted into cities by readily accessible and digestive anthropogenic food resources. Here, we quantified food preferences of sixteen (eight females and eight males) Chinese mole shrews (Anourosorex squamipes) captured from an urban area for "cafeteria tests" in laboratory. Shrews were presented with twelve foods allocated into three sets (natural animal, natural plant, and anthropogenic food). Once the most two highly consumed food items from each set were determined, six items were pooled together to form …

Ruminal Kinetics Of Carbohydrates, Gas Production And Bromatology Of Sugarcane Silagewith High Levels Of Sodium Benzoate, Celso Heinzen Junior, Odimári Pricila Prado Calixto, Egon Henrique Horst, Leonardo Trolegi, Fernando Luiz Massaro Junior, Ivone Yurika Mizubuti, Mikael Neumann, Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, ruminal kinetics, gas production and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage added with increasing levels of sodium benzoate up to 1% of the natural matter. After harvesting, the sugarcane was chopped and placed in experimental polyethylene silos for storage for 30 days. An increasing concentration of sodium benzoate in the silage promoted a linear decrease in the crude protein content, varying from 2.79% to 2.51%. The addition of sodium benzoate reduced the fiber concentration of the silage (P = 0.0015) and increased gas production of the fibrous and nonfibrous carbohydrates …

Dried Tomato Pomace In Rabbit Nutrition: Effects On Carcass Characteristics And Meat Quality, Nouha Grioui, Hager Boukhris, Chokri Damergi, Wafa Hajji, Hamadi Riahi, Manef Abderrabba, Taha Najar, Mondher Mejri

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to assess the effect of dried tomato pomace (DTP) feeding on the carcass characteristics and the quality of the meat of growing rabbits. For this purpose, 54 weaned rabbits (40 days old) were divided into three equal groups and fed isoproteic and isoenergetic diets. The first group was the control group (CON), while the other two groups were fed 10 (DTP-10), and 20 (DTP-20) percent DTP for 6 weeks. Eighty-three-day-old rabbits were slaughtered then, the carcass characteristics, mechanical and sensorial tenderness of the meat were determined. Rabbits fed with DTP-10 had the highest final weight at …

Effects Of Leptin And Thyroglobulin Gene Polymorphisms On Beef Quality In Holsteinbreed Bulls In Turkey, Süleyman Kök, Güldan Vapur

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The relationship between three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers and the beef quality of Turkish Holstein bulls (THB) was investigated. The markers in leptin (LEP) gene (E2JW and E2FB) and thyroglobulin (TG) gene (C422T) were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in one hundred THB. Texture, pH, and marbling score (MS) are three of the most dominating determinants of meat quality. In THB, the relationship between 3 SNPs and beef quality characteristics of musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) was investigated. The mean pH value of the raw beef samples with the TG G422T CC genotype was 5.33 ± 0.30 …

Carnitine Concentrations In Healthy And Septicaemia Suspected Neonatal Calves And Itsrelation To Passive Immunty, Erhan Gökçe, Mahmut Sözmen, Canan Gülmez, Kadi̇r Bozukluhan, Gürbüz Gökce, Emi̇ne Ataki̇şi̇, Mehmet Çi̇ti̇l, Hi̇dayet Meti̇n Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was designed to determine carnitine concentrations in newborn calves with suspected septicaemia, healthy calves, and colostrum samples as well as to detect alterations in blood carnitine concentrations after colostrum intake. Carnitine concentrations were detected in both neonatal calves with suspected septicaemia (n = 195) and healthy calves (n =10) as well as in colostrum/milk samples from their dams (n = 20). The mean carnitine concentration on the 2nd day after colostrum intake (32.61 μmol/L) was significantly higher than that measured before colostrum intake (17.61 μmol/L) (P < 0.05). The striking result was significantly lower mean carnitine concentration detected in calves with suspected septicaemia (17.11 μmol/L), compared to healthy calves (24.92 μmol/L) (P < 0.001). Apart from a sudden increase on day 7, no significant alteration was observed in colostrum/milk carnitine concentrations throughout the postpartum period. The results indicated that colostrum contained carnitine, which passed into the bloodstream of the calf by passive colostral transfer, and that a dramatic reduction in blood carnitine concentrations of calves with suspected septicaemia existed. The results might be of help in dealing with septicaemia suspected neonatal calves through both measurement of blood carnitine and, in response, to supplement such cases with carnitine.

Analysis Of Some Heavy Metals (Cd And Pb) In The Şanlıurfa Province Using Feral Pigeonblood Samples, Özlem Ütme, Füsun Temamoğullari

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Birds serve as good biomonitors in determining environmental pollution. As for indicators of environmental pollution, we detected blood heavy metal levels in 32 female and 32 male local Feral pigeons in the central districts of Şanlıurfa, located in southeastern Turkey, in one month of each season. The samples were analyzed by coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Lead (Pb) levels were measured as 233.1 ± 25.7 μg/kg for Haliliye, 101.2 ± 29.7 μg/kg for Karaköprü, 81.3 ± 22.7 μg/kg for Eyyübiye, and 48.1 ± 27.1 μg/ kg for Suruç, whereas cadmium (Cd) levels were measured as 30.6 ± 12.6 μg/kg for Haliliye, 35.7 …

Postpartum Uterine Involution And Ovarian Follicular Dynamics In Crossbreed Anatolianwater Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) During Summer Season, Oktay Yilmaz, Ebubeki̇r Yazici, Hasan Çi̇çek, Haci Ahmet Çeli̇k, Cangi̇r Uyarlar, Mehmet Uçar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

It was aimed to monitor postpartum (pp) uterine involution and follicular wave pattern by transrectal ultrasonography and detection of concentrations of milk progesterone (P4) in eleven water buffaloes during the summer season in Turkey. The data obtained from the first day of calving to positive pregnancy diagnosis were evaluated on a daily basis. Uterine position scores and nonechogenic material showed a decreasing grade pattern related to the time (P < 0.0001). A time effect was evident with uterine horn thickness (P < 0.05) or intercaruncular zone thickness (P < 0.01) and uterine horn lumen (P < 0.01). Uterine horn thickness showed a gravidity x time interaction (P < 0.05). Gravidity x time interaction was not evident in total uterine horn thickness but time effect was seen (P < 0.0001). Time effect was also evident for the thickness of uterine body (P < 0.0001) and cervix uteri (P < 0.01). The uterine body and horns were returned to previously nongravid state on day 26.00 ± 2.38 and the interval from calving to complete disappearance of uterine fluid was accomplished on day 31.44 ± 3.23 pp. The previously gravid and nongravid uterine horns, uterine body and cervix uteri involuted on day 31.42 ± 1.39, 28.37 ± 0.65, 29.37 ± 0.73 and 27.87 ± 0.47 pp, respectively. The interval from calving to first observation of dominant follicle of nonovulatory wave was 18.54 ± 6.91 days and on average 3.45 ± 1.91 nonovulatory waves were observed. Postpartum first ovulation occurred on day 64.45 ± 18.49. One and two wave models or combination of both waves were observed. The interval from calving to pregnancy was 72.36 ± 21.33 days. The maximum concentrations of milk P$_{4}$ during short or normal cycles and pregnancy were 0.62 ng/mL, 2.2 ng/mL, and 4.04 ng/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of one or two waves should be considered when estrous synchronization programmes are planned in Anatolian water buffaloes during summer season.

The Effects Of Propofol-Sevoflurane, Midazolam-Sevoflurane, And Medetomidineketamine-Sevoflurane Anesthetic Combinations On Tear Production Measured By Theschirmer Tear Test I (Stt I) In Healthy Rabbits, Hani̇fi̇ Erol, Muharrem Erol, Gülteki̇n Atalan, Cengi̇z Ceylan, Muhammed Kaan Yönez

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The maintenance of corneal and normal eye function is necessary for the ocular health and integrity. Tear plays an important role in defense mechanism and nutrition of eye. The Schirmer tear tests (STT I, II) are widely used in ophthalmic examination to evaluate tear production as an aid to diagnose eye diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the different effect of anesthetic combinations and their action period on tear production in healthy rabbits. Forty healthy New Zealand female rabbits (mean weight 2.34 ± 0.67 kg), four months old, were used as materials. The animals were divided into …

Molecular Characterization Of Vp2 And Vp3 Proteins Of Chicken Anemia Virus Isolates Inturkey, Sezer Okay, Şi̇nasi̇ Aşkar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Chicken anemia virus (CAV) has a circular 2.3 kb DNA genome encoding VP1, VP2, and VP3 proteins. VP1 protein is assembled into viral capsid. VP2 is a nonstructural protein required for the correct assembly of VP1. Also, there is an interaction between VP2 and VP3 protein, known as apoptin. Mostly, VP1 protein of CAV isolates have been investigated in previous studies but the information about VP2 and VP3 proteins is insufficient. The aim of this study is molecular characterization of VP2 and VP3 proteins from 20 CAV isolates previously collected in different regions of Turkey using in silico tools. The …

Effects Of Milk Replacer And Whole Milk Feeding On Rumen Development, Expression Ofgenes Related To Volatile Fatty Acid Absorption, And Rumen Bacteria In Calves, Ahmet Ceylan, Ali̇ Çalik, Burcu Eki̇m, Alev Gürol Bayraktaroğlu, Oğuz Çalişici, Doğukan Özen, Pinar Saçakli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This research examined the effects of liquid feeds on calf performance, rumen development, rumen cellulolytic bacteria count, and total bacteria diversity. Twenty Holstein bull calves were allocated to 2 groups either fed with milk replacer (MR) or whole milk. Calves fed milk tended to have higher (P = 0.058) average daily weight gain as compared to calves fed with MR during the entire experimental period. Starter mixture intake was not influenced by either milk or milk replacer feeding. Calves fed with milk had higher (P < 0.001) proliferative cells in the rumen papilla. The expressions of MCT1, MCT4, NHE1, NHE3, ACSS1, AceCS2, and ACSM1 genes, which are related to volatile fatty acid absorption, in the dorsal sac of the rumen were similar for calves fed either MR or whole milk. Fibrobacter succinogenes (P = 0.017) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (P = 0.037) were significantly higher in the rumen of the milkfed calves. Moreover, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)-derived dendrograms showed noticeable differences in ruminal microbial population between MR-fed and milk-fed calves. In conclusion, feeding calves with whole milk, which contains better quality protein and nutrients, instead of milk replacers, positively affects rumen development, cellulolytic bacteria numbers and total bacteria diversity.

Changes In Pregnancy - Associated Glycoproteins Associated With Fetal Age, Postpartum Interval And Evaluation Of A Chute-Side Lateral Flow Assay, Adalaide C. Kline

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Transrectal ultrasonography is known as the gold standard for pregnancy detection but requires costly equipment and technical skill. Access to a cheaper and more user-friendly method with similar accuracy to transrectal ultrasonography would be beneficial to individual cattle producers and to the cattle industry as a whole. Pregnancy diagnosis by detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) has the ability to accurately determine pregnancy in ruminants, however, usually requires specialized equipment for the assay. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein pregnancy tests are gaining in popularity due to their ease of use and the unique feature of not requiring specialized training. Recently, a new lateral flow …

Recognize Fish As Food In Policy Discourse And Development Funding, Abigail Bennett, Xavier Basurto, John Virdin, Xinyan Lin, Samantha J. Betances, Martin D. Smith, Edward H. Allison, Barbara A. Best, Kelly D. Brownell, Lisa M. Campbell, Christopher D. Golden, Elizabeth Havice, Christina C. Hicks, Peter J. Jacques, Kristin Kleisner, Niels Lindquist, Rafaella Lobo, Grant D. Grant, Michelle B. Nowlin, Pawan G. Patil, Douglas N. Rader, Stephen E. Roady, Shakuntala H. Thilsted, Sarah Zoubek

Faculty Scholarship

The international development community is off-track from meeting targets for alleviating global malnutrition. Meanwhile, there is growing consensus across scientific disciplines that fish plays a crucial role in food and nutrition security. However, this ‘fish as food’ perspective has yet to translate into policy and development funding priorities. We argue that the traditional framing of fish as a natural resource emphasizes economic development and biodiversity conservation objectives, whereas situating fish within a food systems perspective can lead to innovative policies and investments that promote nutrition-sensitive and socially equitable capture fisheries and aquaculture. This paper highlights four pillars of research needs …

Response Of Forest Birds To Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila Suzukii Matsumura), A Novel Invasive Fruit Pest, At Allegheny National Forest, Daniel P. Roche

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Non-native invasive insect pests can have dramatic impacts on native ecosystems, feeding on plant foliage, wood, or sap. Little is known, however, about how fruit-targeting NNIIPs may affect native ecosystems. Spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, SWD) is a recently introduced invasive vinegar fly that parasitizes the fruits of many plant species in the United States. While its activity in agricultural systems is well-documented, little is known about its activity in forest ecosystems, despite growing evidence of its presence and parasitism of fruits there. Parasitism could reduce fruit attractiveness for vertebrate fruit consumers, including migratory birds. As such, this …

A Survey Of Anthelmintic Resistance In Angus Bulls Participating In Centralized Performance Tests In Appalachia, Roger Tyler Rohrbaugh

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Resistance to anthelmintics, more commonly referred to as “de-wormers,” has been on the rise in parasites that affect cattle. Parasite infection can have severe impacts on calf productivity resulting in reduced profitability. Therefore, we sought to better understand anthelmintic resistance in Appalachia by surveying Angus bulls entering performance tests in VA and WV. During a four-year period, over 1050 Angus bulls were tested at bull development facilities in Wardensville, WV, Culpeper, VA and Wytheville, VA. Fecal samples were collected at arrival and 14-21 days later for determination of fecal egg count (FEC) reduction. Upon arrival, all bulls received either fenbendazole …

Effect Of Diet, Age, And Genetics On Rainbow Trout Growth And Fillet Quality, Bahareh Adami

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this study, analyses were conducted to compare fillet quality attributes of 4 rainbow trout families (40, 102, 159, and 187) fed fish meal (FM) and a fishmeal free diet (FMF), to two age endpoints, 9 and 11 months.

Previous studies with rainbow trout have evaluated the effect of age, diet, and family on growth performance and fillet quality. However, a comprehensive analysis of variables is lacking for rainbow trout, one of the main aquatic foods for domestic and international consumers.

Separable muscle as a percent whole body weight was not affected by diet, family, age, and the interaction of …

Effect Of Fecal Egg Count Estimated Breeding Value On Antibody Production In Katahdin Lambs, Kelsey L. Bentley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

With current pressures to seek out genetic solutions to combat antimicrobial resistance, genetic resistance to the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus may reduce need for prophylactic antibiotic use. The Katahdin breed has effectively utilized post-weaning fecal egg count estimated breeding value (PFEC EBV) to reduce parasitism within their flocks, but there still remains significant opportunity for selection within breed. In a previous study, Katahdin sheep sired by low PFEC sires had greater survivability to weaning than lambs sired by high PFEC rams and preweaning was caused by other diseases than parasitism. Those data lead to the hypothesis that selection for PFEC …

The Effects Of Genetic Differences In An Innate Immune Receptor On Immune Responses To Haemonchus Contortus In Sheep, Denzel Deshawn Middleton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Little is known about differences observed in early immunological signaling events that result in cellular infiltration and Th2 cytokine production that mediate parasite expulsion. Parasite resistant St. Croix (STC) sheep have been used as model for full host protective immunity as they present the ability to respond to larval stages of H. contortus. RNA sequencing analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with H. contortus larval antigen (HcLA) revealed significant upregulation in NLRP3 and its pathway component TLR4. Predicted protein structural software identified distinct differences in NLRP3 protein structure in STC and parasite susceptible Suffolk (SUF) sheep. NLRP3 …

Using Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) To Evaluate The Use Of Food Waste Based Feed In Sustainable Small-Scale Aquaculture, Caitlin May

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Food waste is rich in nutrients and a valuable resource, but currently its primary method of disposal in the United States (US) is unsustainable. In 2018 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimated that the commercial, institutional, and residential sectors of the US economy wasted 63 million metric tons of food, most of which was sent to landfills. Instead, food waste could be recycled and used to supplement or replace commercial feed in aquaculture to sustainably stimulate production of fish. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a well characterized animal model closely related to other fish species that are important …

Investigation Of Sulfur Cycling In Marine Sponge Cinachyrella Spp. From A South Florida Reef, Shelby K. Cain

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Symbionts within marine sponges are actively participating in the biogeochemical cycles. Among them, the role of symbiont microbes in the sulfur cycle remains a mystery. This study measured the abundance of microbes within the genus Cinachyrella before and after exposure to hydrogen sulfide. A four-part study was conducted: a) five-hour drop experiments, b) vertical distribution experiments, c) five-hour uptake experiments, and d) long-term exposure experiments. The five-hour drop experiment utilized a microsensor to measure sulfide levels, which was lowered 1.0 mm every thirty minutes for a total of 5 hours. Three trials were performed, each with one sponge and a …