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A Comparative Study Of Blood And Milk Chemiluminescence In Healthy Cows And Withsubclinical And Clinical Mastitis, Radoslaw Skorzewski, Wieslaw Krumrych, Hanna Markiewicz, Elzbieta Sandurska

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the study was to evaluate the luminol-dependent spontaneous and stimulated chemiluminescence (CL) of whole blood and milk in cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The research was carried out on 108 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows aged 3-5 years. Based on the assessment of somatic cell count (SCC) in quarter milk, the animals were divided into 3 groups: I - clinically healthy cows (n = 35), II - animals with subclinical mastitis (n = 30) and III - cows with clinical mastitis (n = 43). The material for the research was whole blood and quarter milk. The samples were …

Investigations On Some Aerobic Bacterial Agents Isolated From Heifers At The Beginning Ofthe First Lactation, Tuncay Çökülgen, Uçkun Sai̇t Uçan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, it was aimed to identify the predominant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) species in subclinical, clinical, and persistent infections in Konya province, to determine various virulence and resistance mechanisms of CNS species within the agelactation level. The research has been carried out in a dairy herd that is free from brucellosis and tuberculosis and uses an automated herd management system. Thirty-two heifers at the beginning of lactation with milk yields of more than 20 liters have been observed in terms of udder infections during the first 1-4 months of lactation. The prevalence of intramammary infections (IMI) and of CNS-caused …

The Molecular Prevalence Of Borrelia Burgdorferi, Babesia Spp., And Anaplasma Spp. Inshelter Dogs Of The Thrace Region In Turkey, Nuri̇ Altuğ, Mustafa Necati̇ Muz, Di̇lek Muz, Fulya Altinok Yi̇pel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The study aimed to update the molecular prevalence of some tick-borne pathogens (Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia spp., and Anaplasma spp.) in the shelter dogs of the Thrace Region, Turkey. The study was carried out on 450 dogs from 7 pet shelters. The individual data of the dogs were recorded, and blood samples were collected in tubes with anticoagulants (EDTA). Then, individual PCR protocols were applied to all samples for the three infective agents. PCR test results recorded for B. burgdorferi is 38.22% (n = 172), 24.22% (n = 109) for Babesia spp., and 21.6% (n = 97) for Anaplasma spp. The …

The In Vitro Effect Of Hypochlorous Acid-Metal Nanoparticles Combination On Salmonellaunder Different Temperature Conditions, Serkan Kemal Büyükünal, Karlo Muratoğlu, Ahmet Koluman

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is an excellent surface disinfectant and classified as nonhazardous but maintaining a steady HClO solution is extremely difficult. This study aimed to mix HClO with various metal nanoparticles (NPs) to improve stability. The efficiency of the prepared solutions against Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Dublin, and Salmonella Infantis was assessed using the culture method in five distinct experimental groups at varying temperatures (4 °C, 10 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C). The type of metal NPs, HClO, and application temperatures utilized in the combined solutions for bacterial decontamination did not result in a significant difference …

Changes In Serum Pon1 Activity, Gene Expression And Their Association With Lipid Profile Parameters In Healthy Darehshori Neonatal Foals: A Preliminary Study, Rouzbeh Razavi Dehkordi, Gholam Ali Kojouri, Behnaz Karimi, Ali Mohammad Ahadi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) contributes to the antioxidant mechanisms that prevent lipoprotein oxidation and act as a negative acute-phase protein. This study aimed to evaluate changes in serum PON1 activity, the leukocyte PON1 gene expression, as well as lipid profile tests (LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol) in 16 healthy Darehshori newborn foals up to 60 days of life. Blood samples were collected at 1, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days used for detecting biochemical parameters, PON1 activity, and, and its gene expression, using realtime RT-PCR. Low levels of PON1 activity were observed at birth, which increased significantly with increasing age at …

Molecular Characterization Of Bacillus Anthracis Isolates Recovered From Nomic Andnonnomic Hosts, Doğan Akça, Fati̇h Büyük, Emre Karakaya, Mustafa Reha Coşkun, Eli̇f Çeli̇k, Mi̇tat Şahi̇n, Özgür Çelebi̇, Sali̇h Otlu, Ali̇ye Gülmez Sağlam, Eray Büyük, Seda Durhan, İzzet Burçi̇n Saticioğlu, Seçi̇l Abay, Tuba Kayman, Fuat Aydin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Anthrax, which is primarily a disease of herbivores, is known to infect many animal species. In order to break the cycle of anthrax infection, it is important to identify the potential hosts or reservoirs of its causative agent. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize Bacillus anthracis isolates recovered from a variety of hosts and environments during anthrax sporadic in the Kars and Kayseri regions of Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 23 B. anthracis field isolates obtained from human, cattle, sheep, dog, horse, puma, soil, and fodder were used. In addition, the Sterne vaccine strain was included. All B. …

A Survey Of Ixodid Ticks In Stray Dogs And Molecular Detection Of Ehrlichia Canis Fromticks In Central Iran, Hosein Khovand, Saeid Reza Nourollahi Fard, Mohammad Khalili, Maziar Jajarmi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Ticks are well known as hematophagous ectoparasites, which cause different diseases in humans and animals. This investigation was designed in central Iran to assess the prevalence, intensity, and abundance of tick infestation in stray dogs and detection of Ehrlichia canis. Overall, 962 ticks were collected from 260 stray dogs between April and August 2018. DNA samples with the goal of amplification of pathogen were screened by real-time PCR assay. The prevalence of tick infestation on stray dogs was 60.3%. Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) was only species found in stray dogs. Out of 42 tick pools, 4 (9.5%) were positive …

Levels Of Milk Glycosaminoglycans In Holstein Cows With Clinical And Subclinical Mastitis, Nicolas Caggiano, Elisa Crespi, Gonzalo Fiorini, Emilio De Simone

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland whose diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and the determination of inflammatory markers. The disease is mainly caused by bacteria causing intra-mammary infections. The etiological agent/s are detected by milk culture or by molecular biology approaches. However, these methodologies are unpractical for on-farm diagnosis, where rapid decisions must be made when infected animals are detected. For this reason, the levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in milk were evaluated as a tool for the diagnosis of mastitis. GAGs levels were determined by the dimethylmethylene blue assay (DMMB) method in milk from healthy animals and …

Prevalence And Antibiotic Resistance Profiles Of Salmonella Spp. In Chicken Meat, Rabi̇a Telsaç, Rabi̇a Mehtap Tuncay

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to determine the Salmonella spp. presence in 100 chicken meat samples (25 breasts and 25 drumsticks with skin and 25 breasts and 25 drumsticks without skin) that were collected between February and April, 2021, in Van, Türkiye and investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates. The results of the cultivation and PCR analysis revealed that a total of 17 samples comprising four drumstick with skin (16%), five drumstick without skin and breast without skin (20%), and three breast with skin (12%) samples were positive for Salmonella spp. The analysis of 17 chicken meat samples yielded a …

High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T (Hs-Ctnt) And I (Hs-Ctni) Levels In Dogs With Dirofilaria Immitis, Cemaletti̇n Ayvazoğlu, Şemi̇stan Kiziltepe, Ümi̇t Yaşar, Zehra Gül Yaşar, Pinar Demi̇r, Abuzer Acar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Dirofilaria immitis (D. immitis); is a parasitic zoonosis with a prevalence of 53.8%, whose intermediate host is mosquitoes (Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, Taeniorhychus, Mansonia and Armigenes), final hosts are carnivores (dog, cat, fox, etc.) and humans. The causative agent settles in the pulmonary arteries and causes pulmonary hypertension, which can progress to congestive heart failure. Cardiac troponins (cTn), which have recently been used in veterinary cardiology, are considered the gold standard because of their high sensitivity and specificity for myocardial injury. In the study, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels in healthy …

Metaanalysis Of Subclinical Mastitis Prevalence In Water Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis), Aytaç Akçay, Eli̇f Çeli̇k, Güven Güngör, Murat Abay

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Water buffalo milk, compared to cow's milk, has a preferable composition in terms of health and nutritional value. Subclinical mastitis, one of the most important problems of the dairy industry, is as important of an issue in water buffaloes as in cows. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in buffaloes by metaanalysis, and to calculate the pooled prevalence. For the metaanalysis of the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in buffaloes, a total of 382 publications 294 from Scopus, 31 from Medline Complete, and 57 from ScienceDirect were obtained as a result of the literature …

Investigation Of Antimicrobial Resistance Of Esßl, Amp-C, And Carbapenemaseproducing E. Coli Strains In Retail Poultry Meats, Gülçi̇n Güven, Si̇bel Kizil

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Antimicrobial agents are used for suppressing some bacterial infections during the rearing of poultry. In this study; the antibiotic resistance properties of Extended Spectrum ßeta-lactamase (ESßL), Amp-C, carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from chicken breast meat were determined by disc diffusion and E-test methods. Additionally, it is aimed to determine antibiotic resistance genes by classical polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this context, E. coli strains were isolated from 7 of 100 chicken breast meat (fillets) and identified by a rapid identification system (BBL Crystal). Disc diffusion test results of the isolates were evaluated and 100% to tetracycline; ampicillin, …

Hematological Status Of Avian Species Along A Metal Pollution Gradient At Sialkot, Pakistan, Ajmal Shehzad, Khalid Mahmood Anjum, Atif Yaqub, Muhammad Zubair Yousaf, Sarwr Allah Ditta, Junaid Naseer

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The concentration of metals and effects of these metals on hematological parameters were examined in avian species by using feathers and blood samples collected from different sites of Sialkot. The major reason for significant differences in hematological parameters and concentrations of metal contents between different species was the difference in feeding habitat. Metal concentrations in feathers and blood samples indicated that the chromium and lead were not found at a safe level. The results did not revealed a significant negative association between metal contents and hematological parameters but concluded that increased metal contents exert negative effects on hematological status especially …

A Post-Pneumonia Epizootic Evaluation Of The Rapid City, South Dakota Bighorn Sheep Herd, Amanda N. Ensrud

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pneumonia is a major factor affecting populations of free-ranging bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) across western North America. Pneumonia can occur in large-scale epizootics, during which greater than half of the population typically dies. After these epizootics, surviving ewes continue to conceive and bear lambs. However, lamb recruitment may remain low due to periodic or annual pneumonia outbreaks causing high lamb mortality rates, sometimes greater than 90%. Our study focused on the Rapid City, South Dakota bighorn sheep (BHS) herd that has recorded pneumonia-induced population decline since 2009. The first objective was to improve lamb health and survival by identifying and …

Escherichia Coli And Salmonella Sp. In Domestic Cattle And Wild Roosevelt Elk: Fecal Pathogens At The Wildlife-Domestic Interface, Emily A. Buck

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Direct or indirect contact between domestic populations of animals and wildlife carries an inherent risk for transmission of pathogens that cause infectious disease. In Humboldt and Del Norte counties of northern California, ongoing conflict between ranchers and Roosevelt elk groups results from elk use of ranching pastures and pastures on private land. Fecal samples from elk in association with cattle, cattle, and from elk not in known association with cattle were assessed for the presence of bacteria Salmonella enterica and pathogenic Escherichia coli to assess whether association with cattle increases risk of infection for elk. Group identity (one of the …

Towards A More Comprehensive Understanding Of Wild Pig (Sus Scrofa) Impacts On Agricultural Producers: Insights From A Texas Case Study, Keith M. Carlisle, Nicole Didero, Sophie Mckee, Julie Elser, Stephanie A. Shwiff

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

This research investigates the impacts of invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa Linneaus) on agricultural producers in Texas, with the aim of identifying and describing all categories of wild pig impacts and quantifying the extent of producers’ over- or underestimation of their total wild pig-related costs in 2018, as compared to calculations based upon data subsequently provided by the producers about individual wild pig-related costs and losses. Based on interviews with 23 producers in 16 Texas counties, we identified more than 20 discrete categories of negative impacts and negligible positive impacts associated with wild pigs. Among them were categories that have …

Reproductive Success Of Captive-Reared Allegheny Woodrats (Neotoma Magister) Released Into Genetically Depauperate Populations, Miracle M. Davis, Timothy J. Smyser, Scott A. Johnson, Joseph Duchamp, Jeffery L. Larkin, Robert K. Swihart, Jacqueline M. Doyle

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Habitat fragmentation and degradation have led to a proliferation of small and isolated populations that are vulnerable to genetic erosion. Reduction in habitat and concomitant declines in population connectivity can expediate the collapse of species that exist as natural metapopulations. In recent years, Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) have experienced local extirpations and declines in genetic diversity across their range due to disease-related mortality, reduced food availability, and disruption of connectivity among subpopulations. In response, we developed a captive-breeding program to facilitate genetic management of isolated woodrat populations in Indiana. Between 2010 and 2012, 27 captive-reared individuals were released to four …

Genome-Wide Analyses Of Genomic Variation Regulating Differential Stress Responses In Japanese Quail, Steven Anthony Shumaker

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As consumer demands for poultry grow, producers work to improve bird productivity in both meat and egg production. This endeavor is multifaceted, as many different factors play a part in influencing the productivity of birds, including environmental conditions, overall health, and genetic potential. One aspect controlled for in all aspects of poultry production optimization is stress management. Mitigation of stress is of primary concern to producers, as improper stress management can have many deleterious effects on chickens. Stress management requires an understanding of poultry stress responses and their physiological mechanisms, which can be more deeply understood through genomic analysis. Chapter …

Economic Estimates Of Wild Hog (Sus Scrofa) Damage And Control Among Young Forest Plantations In Alabama, Micah Fern, Rebecca Barlow, Chris Slootmaker, John Kush, Stephanie Shwiff, Larry Teeter, Jim Armstrong

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Operating as ecological engineers, the increased distribution and abundance of wild hogs (Sus scrofa) has caused considerable socio-economic impacts. The international scope of economic research providing wild hog damage estimates are often confined to agricultural crops, while damage estimates among forest plantations are lacking. In Alabama, private landowners hold the majority of timberland acreage and are less equipped to absorb financial losses from wild hog damage than their industrial counterparts. A survey was conducted to estimate the economic impact of wild hogs, namely costs of damage and control, to privately owned forestlands. The survey was distributed in the …

Deterring Non-Target Birds From Toxic Bait Sites For Wild Pigs, Nathan P. Snow, Joseph M. Halseth, Justin A. Foster, Michael J. Lavelle, Justin W. Fischer, Michael P. Glow, Ingrid A. Messer, Seth M. Cook, Kurt C. Vercauteren

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Toxic baiting of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) is a potential new tool for population control and damage reduction in the US. Field trials testing a prototype toxic bait (HOGGONE 2 containing 5% sodium nitrite [SN]), though, revealed that wild pigs spilled small particles of toxic bait outside of bait stations which subsequently created hazards for non-target species that consumed those particles, primarily passerine birds. To deter non-target birds from consuming particles of spilled bait, we tested four deterrents at mock bait sites (i.e., baited with bird seed) in north-central Colorado, USA during April–May 2020. We found a programable, inflatable deterrent …

Responses Of Turkey Vultures To Unmanned Aircraft Systems Vary By Platform, Morgan B. Pfeiffer, Bradley F. Blackwell, Thomas W. Seamans, Bruce N. Buckingham, Joshua L. Hoblet, Patrice E. Baumhardt

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

A challenge that conservation practitioners face is manipulating behavior of nuisance species. The turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) can cause substantial damage to aircraft if struck. The goal of this study was to assess vulture responses to unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for use as a possible dispersal tool. Our treatments included three platforms (fixed-wing, multirotor, and a predator-like ornithopter [powered by flapping flight]) and two approach types (30 m overhead or targeted towards a vulture) in an operational context. We evaluated perceived risk as probability of reaction, reaction time, flight-initiation distance (FID), vulture remaining index, and latency to return. …

Landscape Transformations Produce Favorable Roosting Conditions For Turkey Vultures And Black Vultures, Jacob E. Hill, Kenneth F. Kellner, Bryan M. Kluever, Michael L. Avery, John S. Humphrey, Eric A. Tillman, Travis L. Devault, Jerrold L. Belant

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Recent increases in turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) and black vulture (Coragyps atratus) populations in North America have been attributed in part to their success adapting to human-modified landscapes. However, the capacity for such landscapes to generate favorable roosting conditions for these species has not been thoroughly investigated. We assessed the role of anthropogenic and natural landscape elements on roosting habitat selection of 11 black and 7 turkey vultures in coastal South Carolina, USA using a GPS satellite transmitter dataset derived from previous research. Our dataset spanned 2006–2012 and contained data from 7916 nights of roosting. Landscape …

Sex And Nest Type Influence Avian Blood Parasite Prevalence In A High-Elevation Bird Community, Marina D. Rodriguez, Paul F. Doherty, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Kathryn P. Huyvaert

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Background: The prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites and the factors influencing infection in the Colorado Rocky Mountains are largely unknown. With climate change expected to promote the expansion of vector and avian blood parasite distributions, baseline knowledge and continued monitoring of the prevalence and diversity of these parasites is needed.

Methods: Using an occupancy modeling framework, we conducted a survey of haemosporidian parasite species infecting an avian community in the Colorado Rocky Mountains in order to estimate the prevalence and diversity of blood parasites and to investigate species-level and individual-level characteristics that may influence infection.

Results: We estimated the prevalence …

Potential Use For Serosurveillance Of Feral Swine To Map Risk For Anthrax Exposure, Texas, Usa, Rachel M. Maison, Courtney F. Pierce, Izabela K. Ragan, Vienna R. Brown, Michael J. Bodenchuk, Richard A. Bowen, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Anthrax is a disease of concern in many mammals, including humans. Management primarily consists of prevention through vaccination and tracking clinical-level observations because environmental isolation is laborious and bacterial distribution across large geographic areas diffi cult to confi rm. Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are an invasive species with an extensive range in the southern United States that rarely succumbs to anthrax. We present evidence that feral swine might serve as biosentinels based on comparative seroprevalence in swine from historically defi ned anthrax-endemic and non–anthraxendemic regions of Texas. Overall seropositivity was 43.7% (n = 478), and logistic regression revealed county endemicity …

Impact Of Fish Oil On Intestinal Permeability, Inflammation, And Performance In Swine, Anthony Fernando Alberto

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Our research examined the effects of fish oil supplementation on intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation and performance in piglets. An lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was done to stimulate the synthesis and release of the cytokines, in an effort to mimic the immune response that piglets would have when facing stress or pathogen challenge. Fish oil increased feed intake but did not affect growth when compared to control. Total fatty acid digestibility increased by 6% when fish oil was included in the diet. Also, we observed a 16% increase on 16-carbon fatty acids digestibility. Fish oil did not affect the plasma …

Development Of Aptamer Rolling Circle Amplification Platform As A Vaccine Adjuvant To Control Salmonella In Broiler Chickens, Abigeal Iyabode Omolewu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Salmonella has been a major source of concern in public health and food industry. It is the cause of gastrointestinal illness and fever called salmonellosis. Severe cases of salmonellosis have resulted in hospitalization and even death around the world. Salmonella can be found in the intestinal tract of animals including chickens and can be transmitted to human through contaminated food. Hence, it is highly important to find ways of reducing the transmission of Salmonella from chickens to humans. This work is focused on the control of Salmonella in broiler chicken through the development of novel vaccine adjuvant. Two different aptamer …

Investigation Of Histomoniasis Prevention In Poultry, Lesleigh Beer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Histomonas meleagridis is the etiological agent of histomoniasis, also commonly known as blackhead disease. This protozoal disease of poultry is detrimental to turkeys with flock mortalities often reaching 80-100%, although other gallinaceous birds are susceptible. Since the voluntary removal of nitarsone in 2015, the poultry industry is suffering with no approved prophylactics, therapeutics, or vaccines for this disease. The objectives of this dissertation were to evaluate multiple methods for prevention or control of histomoniasis, including dietary chemoprophylaxis and vaccination. Specifically, this research evaluated quinine as a chemoprophylactic candidate (Chapter 3) or live-attenuated H. meleagridis as vaccine candidates (Chapter 4) in …

How Do Genetic Relatedness And Spatial Proximity Shape African Swine Fever Infections In Wild Boar?, Tomasz Podgórski, Kim M. Pepin, Anna Radko, Angelika Podbielska, Magdalena Łyjak, Grzegorz Woźniakowski, Tomasz Borowik

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The importance of social and spatial structuring of wildlife populations for disease spread, though widely recognized, is still poorly understood in many host-pathogen systems. In particular, system-specific kin relationships among hosts can create contact heterogeneities and differential disease transmission rates. Here, we investigate how distance-dependent infection risk is influenced by genetic relatedness in a novel host-pathogen system: wild boar (Sus scrofa) and African swine fever (ASF).We hypothesized that infection risk would correlate positively with proximity and relatedness to ASF-infected individuals but expected those relationships to weaken with the distance between individuals due to decay in contact rates and …

Biomarkers For Resistance To Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Disease, Daniel Constantin Ciobanu, Lianna Rayne Walker, Taylor Benjamin Engle, Hiep Vu

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for increasing resistance to PCV2 infection in pigs. The increased resistance may be the result of siRNA or genetic modification through CRISPR or a vectored virus targeting SNPs that are resistant to PCV2 infection.

The State Of Animal- Assisted Interventions In France: Is The Iahaio Model Relevant?, Alice Mignot, Gérard Leboucher, Véronique Servais, Karelle De Luca

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

Animal- assisted interventions (AAI) became more generalized in health care settings and their development in Europe is increasing. In France, the practice has grown in the absence of official recognition and regulation. In this context, we aim to identify the main characteristics of the French practice of AAI that can influence the establishment of a local regulation. Second, we aim to question the relevance of the model proposed by the International Association of Human- Animal Interaction Organizations (IAHAIO) distinguishing animal- assisted therapies (AAT) and (AAA) animal- assisted activities from the French practice of AAI. We interviewed 111 French handlers in …