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Anthropogenic And Climatic Factors Interact To Influence Reproductive Timing And Effort, Susannah S. French, Geoffrey Smith

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Reproduction, although absolutely essential to a species’ persistence, is in itself challenging. As anthropogenic change increasingly affects every landscape on Earth, it is critical to understand how specific pressures impact the reproductive efforts of individuals, which directly contribute to the success or failure of populations. However, organisms rarely encounter a single burden at a time, and the interactions of environmental challenges can have compounding effects. Disentangling environmental and physiological pressures is difficult because they are often context-dependent and not generalizable, but long-term monitoring across variable landscapes and weather patterns can improve our understanding of these complex interactions. We tested the …

Habitat Characteristics Of Two Scorpion Species, Liocheles Australasiae (Fabricius, 1775) And Isometrus Maculatus (De Geer, 1778) In Miyako Islands, Japan, Kazusa Kawai

Euscorpius

Scorpion surveys were conducted in the five islands: Miyakojima, Ikemajima, Kurimajima, Irabujima, and Shimojishima (Miyako Islands, part of Nansei/Ryukyu Islands of Japan). Eight individuals of Liocheles australasiae (Hormuridae) and 16 individuals of Isometrus maculatus (Buthidae) were observed in a total of 10 points on four islands, except Ikemajima. The localities of both species are recorded in this survey, focusing on altitude, distance from the nearest coast, and sunlight. The lowest temperatures in the habitat are also examined, and the cold tolerance of the species is discussed.

Noise Distracts Foraging Bats, Louise C. Allen, Nickolay I. Hristov, Juliette J. Rubin, Joseph T. Lightsey, Jesse R. Barber

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Predators frequently must detect and localize their prey in challenging environments. Noisy environments have been prevalent across the evolutionary history of predator–prey relationships, but now with increasing anthropogenic activities noise is becoming a more prominent feature of many landscapes. Here, we use the gleaning pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus, to investigate the mechanism by which noise disrupts hunting behaviour. Noise can primarily function to mask—obscure by spectrally overlapping a cue of interest, or distract—occupy an animal's attentional or other cognitive resources. Using band-limited white noise treatments that either overlapped the frequencies of a prey cue or did not …

Observations On The Distribution And Status Of Selected Nebraska Mammals, Zachary P. Roehrs, Russell A. Benedict, Thomas E. Labedz, Hugh H. Genoways

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Information on the distribution and current status of 25 species or subspecies of mammals occurring in Nebraska are presented. The species covered include one shrew, an armadillo, eight bats, 10 rodents (including two subspecies of one species), three carnivores, and one artiodactyl. Distributional information reported includes the first state record for one species (Sorex nanus) and new county records for 18 species. In Nebraska, we know that mammals are shifting their geographic ranges with some extending populations into the state, whereas others are expanding their geographic ranges within the state. The current status of six additional mammalian taxa …

Evaluating Accuracy Of Dna Pool Construction Based On White Blood Cell Counts, Amy N. Abrams, T. G. Mcdaneld, John W. Keele, Carol G. Chitko-Mckown, Larry A. Kuehn, Michael G. Gonda

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Pooling individual samples prior to DNA extraction can mitigate the cost of DNA extraction and genotyping; however, these methods need to accurately generate equal representation of individuals within pools. The objective of this study was to determine accuracy of pool construction of blood samples based on white blood cell counts compared to two common DNA quantification methods. Fifty individual bovine blood samples were collected, and then pooled with all individuals represented in each pool. Pools were constructed with the target of equal representation of each individual animal based on number of white blood cells, spectrophotometric readings, spectrofluorometric readings, and whole …

Data From: Recovery From Discrete Wound Severities In Side-Blotched Lizards (Uta Stansburiana): Implications For Energy Budget, Locomotor Performance, And Oxidative Stress, Susannah S. French, Spencer B. Hudson

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Wounding events (predation attempts, competitive combat) result in injuries and/or infections that induce integrated immune responses for the recovery process. Despite the survival benefits of immunity in this context, the costs incurred may require investment to be diverted from traits contributing to immediate and/or future survival, such as locomotor performance and oxidative status. Yet, whether trait constraints manifest likely depends on wound severity and the implications for energy budget. For this study, food intake, body mass, sprint speed, and oxidative indices (reactive oxygen metabolites, antioxidant capacity) were monitored in male side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) healing from cutaneous wounds of discrete …

Rapid Estimation Of Salmonella Enterica Contamination Level In Ground Beef – Application Of The Time-To-Positivity Method Using A Combination Of Molecular Detection And Direct Plating, Dayna M. Harhay, Margaret D. Weinroth, James L. Bono, Gregory P. Harhay, Joseph M. Bosilevac

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Little progress has been made in decreasing the incidence rate of salmonellosis in the US over the past decade. Mitigating the contribution of contaminated raw meat to the salmonellosis incidence rate requires rapid methods for quantifying Salmonella, so that highly contaminated products can be removed before entering the food chain. Here we evaluated the use of Time-to-Positivity (TTP) as a rapid, semi-quantitative approach for estimating Salmonella contamination levels in ground beef. Growth rates of 14 Salmonella strains (inoculated at log 1 to −2 CFU/g) were characterized in lean ground beef mTSB enrichments and time-to-detection was determined using culture and molecular …

Kentucky Warbler (Vol. 97, No. 1), Kentucky Library Research Collections

The Kentucky Warbler

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Alternative Models For Genetic Analysis Of Worm And Tick Infestation In Nellore Cattle, T. L. Passafaro, F. B. Lopes, Thomas W. Murphy, B. D. Valente, R. C. Leite, G. J.M. Rosa, F. L.B. Toral

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Worms and ticks are important parasites in beef cattle, especially in tropical areas, causing significant economic and production losses. Understanding animal-to-animal variation on infestation for these parasites might guide genetic selection and improvement of management practices to attenuate its detrimental effects. Statistical models used to analyze such traits usually assume a Gaussian distribution for the observed data. However, this assumption is quite often inappropriate for counting data. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: 1) Estimate genetic parameters for worms and tick infestations in Nellore cattle, and 2) To compare the overall performance of six data analysis approaches for worm …

Genomic Comparisons Of Persian Kurdish, Persian Arabian And American Thoroughbred Horse Populations, Navid Yousefi-Mashouf, Hassan Mehrabani-Yeganeh, Ardeshir Nejati-Javaremi, Ernest Bailey, Jessica L. Petersen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The present research aimed to characterize the Persian Kurdish horse population relative to the Persian Arabian and American Thoroughbred populations using genome-wide SNP data. Fifty-eight Kurdish, 38 Persian Arabian and 83 Thoroughbred horses were genotyped across 670,796 markers. After quality control and pruning to eliminate linkage disequilibrium between loci which resulted in 13,554 SNPs in 52 Kurdish, 24 Persian Arabian and 58 Thoroughbred horses, the Kurdish horses were generally distinguished from the Persian Arabian samples by Principal Component Analyses, cluster analyses and calculation of pairwise F_ST. Both Persian breeds were discriminated from the Thoroughbred. Pairwise F_ST between …

Protocol For Monitoring Aquatic Invertebrates Of Small Streams In The Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network, Version 2.1, David E. Bowles, Michael H. Williams, Hope R. Dodd, Lloyd W. Morrison, Janice A. Hinsey, J. Tyler Cribbs, Gareth A. Rowell, Michael D. Debecker, Jennifer L. Haack-Gaynor, Jeffrey M. Williams

United States National Park Service: Publications

Executive Summary

The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and …

Sdsu Beef Day 2021 Complete Proceedings, Department Of Animal Science

SDSU Beef Day 2021 Summary Publication

This is the complete proceedings of the South Dakota State University, Department of Animal Science Beef Day 2021. The proceedings contain research presented on the following topics:
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/="/">Meat Science and Food Safety

Evaluation Of Curcumin And Copper Acetate Against Salmonella Typhimurium Infection, Intestinal Permeability, And Cecal Microbiota Composition In Broiler Chickens, Anaisa A. Leyva-Diaz, Daniel Hernandez-Patlan, Bruno Solis-Cruz, Bishnu Adhikari, Young Min Kwon, Juan D. Latorre, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Benjamin Fuente-Martinez, Billy M. Hargis, Raquel Lopez-Arellano, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

Interest in the use of natural feed additives as an alternative to antimicrobials in the poultry industry has increased in recent years because of the risk of bacterial resistance. One of the most studied groups are polyphenolic compounds, given their advantages over other types of additives and their easy potentiation of effects when complexes are formed with metal ions. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation of copper acetate (CA), curcumin (CR), and their combination (CA-CR) against Salmonella Typhimurium colonization, intestinal permeability, and cecal microbiota composition in broiler chickens through a …

Instrumental Texture Analysis Of Chicken Patties Prepared With Broiler Breast Fillets Exhibiting Woody Breast Characteristics, Juan P. Caldas-Cueva, A. Mauromostakos, Casey M. Owens

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Potential applications of chicken meat with the woody breast (WB) condition in further processed products could provide processors with alternatives to deal with this meat quality problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of broiler breast fillets at varying degrees of WB severity and proportions on instrumental texture characteristics of chicken patties. A total of 54 breast fillets were collected from broilers processed as per commercial practices, previously classified based on tactile evaluation in 3 WB categories (normal [NOR]; mild [MIL], and severe [SEV]). Instrumental …

In Vitro Characterization Of Chicken Gut Bacterial Isolates For Probiotic Potentials, Anita Mandal, Rabindra K. Mandal, Yichao Yang, Bhuwan Khatri, Byung-Whi Kong, Young Min Kwon

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Probiotics often play an important role in improving gut health in chickens through multiple mechanisms, including enhancement of tight junctions, nutrient acquisition, niche colonization, or coaggregation with enteric pathogens. The objective of this study was to characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the gut of healthy broiler chickens for a number of phenotypes that might be indicative of good probiotic potentials. A total 40 bacterial isolates were isolated from 3-week-old chickens using Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar plates. The bacterial isolates were evaluated in vitro for motility, autoaggregation, pathogen inhibition, pH of overnight culture, …

Can Black Soldier Fly Desmodium Intortum Larvae-Based Diets Enhance The Performance Of Cobb500 Broiler Chickens And Smallholder Farmers' Profit In Kenya?, Mary M. Mutisya, Mawufe K. Agbodzavu, John N. Kinyuru, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Mathew Gicheha, Girma Hailu, Daisy Salifu, Zeyaur Khan, Saliou Niassy

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of broiler chickens fed on 3 black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens) and Greenleaf desmodium (Desmodium intortum)-based meals. We evaluated growth performance, carcass quality, and profitability under various commercial pathways (doorstep, retail, whole, and assorted). Desmodium and BSFL powders were formulated into 3 ratios: T1 25:75, T2 50:50, and T3 75:25. A commercial feed was used as a control. One hundred and twenty mixed-sex 1-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb) were reared in pens for 42 d in a completely randomized design. The chickens were weighed weekly to monitor their growth rate. After the …

Structural Changes In The Oral Microbiome Of The Adolescent Patients With Moderate Or Severe Dental Fluorosis, Qian Wang, Xuelan Chen, Huan Hu, Xiaoyuan Wei, Xiaofan Wang, Zehui Peng, Rui Ma, Qian Zhao, Jiangchao Zhao, Jianguo Liu, Feilong Deng

Animal Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Dental fluorosis is a very prevalent endemic disease. Although oral microbiome has been reported to correlate with different oral diseases, there appears to be an absence of research recognizing any relationship between the severity of dental fluorosis and the oral microbiome. To this end, we investigated the changes in oral microbial community structure and identified bacterial species associated with moderate and severe dental fluorosis. Salivary samples of 42 individuals, assigned into Healthy (N=9), Mild (N=14) and Moderate/Severe (M&S, N=19), were investigated using the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. The oral microbial community structure based on Bray Curtis and Weighted …

Molecular Characterization Of A Marine Turtle Tumor Epizootic, Profiling External, Internal And Postsurgical Regrowth Tumors, Kelsey Yetsko, Jessica A. Farrell, Nicholas B. Blackburn, Liam Whitmore, Maximilian R. Stammnitz, Jenny Whilde, Catherine B. Eastman, Devon Rollinson Ramia, Ana C. Leandro

School of Medicine Publications

Sea turtle populations are under threat from an epizootic tumor disease (animal epidemic) known as fibropapillomatosis. Fibropapillomatosis continues to spread geographically, with prevalence of the disease also growing at many longer-affected sites globally. However, we do not yet understand the precise environmental, mutational and viral events driving fibropapillomatosis tumor formation and progression.

Here we perform transcriptomic and immunohistochemical profiling of five fibropapillomatosis tumor types: external new, established and postsurgical regrowth tumors, and internal lung and kidney tumors. We reveal that internal tumors are molecularly distinct from the more common external tumors. However, they have a small number of conserved potentially …

The Effects Of Temperature And Body Size On The Metabolism And Hypoxia Tolerance Of White Abalone (Haliotis Sorenseni) And Red Abalone (H. Rufescens), Stephanie Fan

Theses

In 2001, white abalone, Haliotis sorenseni, became the first marine invertebrate to be listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Allee effects due primarily to overharvesting and disease resulted in individuals being too far apart for successful fertilization. Despite the fishery closure in 1996, H. sorenseni still shows no signs of recovery. Today, the White Abalone Recovery Consortium (WARC), a group that includes federal and state agencies, aquaculture organizations, academic institutions, and public aquaria, is working to recover this endangered species back from the brink of extinction.

In order to better understand the metabolic demands and hypoxia tolerance of the …

Nose Color Of Charolais × British Crossbred Beef Steers Alters Marbling Score And Body Weight At A Common Degree Of Fatness In Steers Reared Under Similar Management From Birth Through Finishing, Thomas G. Hamilton, Zachary K. Smith

SDSU Beef Day 2021 Summary Publication

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine if cattle could be sorted and performance could be predicted by nose color (Pink or Black) when carcass traits and body weight were evaluated at a common endpoint in Charolais x British crossbred beef steers. Pink nosed cattle were assumed to be progeny of Red Angus dams and black nosed cattle were assumed to be progeny of Black Angus dams.

Using Aerial Photogrammetry And Sexually Dimorphic Measurements To Investigate Seasonal Differences In School Composition Of Delphinus Spp. Off Southern California, Samantha Gm Leander

Theses

Insights into school composition can provide a means to understand basic biology and ecology, including reproductive patterns. They can also be applied to conservation assessments, allowing for better understanding of the potentially differential vulnerability of demographic groups to natural or anthropogenic disturbances that may influence their populations. However, the two subspecies of common dolphins in the waters off California (Delphinus delphis delphis and D. d. bairdii) form large, energetic groups that make characterization of school composition difficult. Remotely controlled drones now offer the opportunity for the study of school composition in Delphinus spp., allowing for precise morphometric measurements …

Scorpions Of The Horn Of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part Xxvi. Records Of Hottentotta Polystictus (Pocock, 1896), With Descriptions Of H. Haudensis Sp. N. And H. Nigrimontanus Sp. N. (Buthidae) From Somaliland, František Kovařík, Graeme Lowe

Euscorpius

The distribution of Hottentotta polystictus (Pocock, 1896) is summarized according to recently confirmed records. Two new species, Hottentotta haudensis sp. n. and H. nigrimontanus sp. n. from the Somaliland, are described, compared with H. polystictus, and fully illustrated with color photos showing their morphology, habitus and collection areas. H. haudensis sp. n. is the smallest known species of the genus Hottentotta Birula, 1908, while H. nigrimontanus sp. n. is larger than H. polystictus.

Longitudinal Assessment Of The Bovine Ocular Bacterial Community Dynamics In Calves, Alison Bartenslager, Nirosh D. Aluthge, John Dustin Loy, Matthew M. Hille, Matthew L. Spangler, Samodha C. Fernando

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Background: Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), commonly known as pinkeye, is one of the most significant diseases of beef cattle. As such, IBK costs the US beef industry at least 150 million annually. However, strategies to prevent IBK are limited, with most cases resulting in treatment with antibiotics once the disease has developed. Longitudinal studies evaluating establishment of the ocular microbiota may identify critical risk periods for IBK outbreaks or changes in the microbiota that may predispose animals to IBK.

Results: In an attempt to characterize the establishment and colonization patterns of the bovine ocular microbiota, we conducted a longitudinal study …

Evaluation Of Kws Hybrid Rye On Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, And Efficiency Of Net Energy Utilization In Finishing Feedlot Steers, Warren Rusche, Julie Walker, Southeast South Dakota Research Farm, Becca Brattain, Zachary Smith

SDSU Beef Day 2021 Summary Publication

Objective
Our objectives were to determine the effects of hybrid rye inclusion on finishing steer performance and carcass characteristics, and to estimate net energy (NE) value.
Study Description
Predominately Angus steers (n = 240, initial shrunk bodyweight [BW] = 891 ± 40.8 pounds) were used in 117-d finishing experiment. Hybrid rye was used to replace either one-third, two-thirds, or 100% of dry-rolled corn (DRC) resulting in four treatments: [DRC:Rye, DM basis (60:0), (40:20), (20:40), and (0:60)] with six pens per treatment and 10 steers/pen. Performance adjusted NE values were calculated from performance and carcass data. Replacing DRC with rye linearly …

Functional Influence Of 14-3-3 (Ywha) Proteins In Mammals, Elizabeth Barley, Santanu De

Mako: NSU Undergraduate Student Journal

The 14-3-3 (YWHA) proteins are homologous, ubiquitous, and conserved in most organisms ranging from plants to animals and play important roles in regulating key cellular events such as cell signaling, development, apoptosis, etc. These proteins consist of seven isoforms in mammals, termed under Greek alphabetization: beta (β), gamma (γ), epsilon (ε), eta (η), tau/theta (τ), sigma (σ), and zeta (ζ). Each of these isoforms can interact with a plethora of binding partners and has been shown to serve a distinct role in molecular crosstalk, biological processes, and disease susceptibility. Protein 14-3-3 isoforms are scaffolding proteins capable of forming homodimers and …

Atlantic Sailfish (Istiophorus Albicans) Distribution Off The East Coast Of Florida From 2003 To 2018 In Response To Sea Surface Temperature, Meredith M. Pratt

Mako: NSU Undergraduate Student Journal

The Atlantic sailfish (Istiophorus albicans) ranges from 40°N to 40°S in the Western Atlantic Ocean and has great economic and recreational value for sport fishers. Off the east coast of Florida, recreational fishing boats often target this species due to its size, speed and strength. This project aimed to determine the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and the distribution of Atlantic sailfish caught and released over a fifteen-year period (2003 to 2018). Tagging information was collected from The Billfish Foundation and NOAA who have the most extensive programs for billfish. Using the time and location of each …

Effect Of Corn Silage Inclusion Level And Steroidal Implant Type On Growth Performance, Dietary Net Energy Utilization, Beef Production Per Acre And Apparent Total Tract Digestibility In Feedlot Finishing Steers, Elizabeth Buckhaus, Warren Rusche, Zachary Smith

SDSU Beef Day 2021 Summary Publication

Objective
The experimental objective was to determine the influence corn silage inclusion level and terminal implant type have on animal performance, carcass traits, and beef production per acre of cropland in finishing steers harvested at a common fatness endpoint.
Study Description
Maine-Anjou × Angus beef steers (n = 156 steers; initial BW 807 ± 81.9 lbs) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement finishing experiment at the Ruminant Nutrition Center in Brookings, SD. Steers were weighed on 2 consecutive days and assigned into 5 weight blocks. Dietary treatments consisted (DM basis) of 1) 15% (CS15) or 2) 30% …

Fishing And Rural Livelihood: A Philippine Context, Rosalina Palanca-Tan, Sheila Bongat-Bayog

Economics Department Faculty Publications

The Municipality of Lake Sebu in Mindanao; Philippines offers various opportunities for income-generating fishing activities with its abundant surface water bodies. Lake Sebu is particularly known for good quality tilapia; farmed in fish cages. This study employed primary data collection methods; namely key informant interview; focus group discussion and a comprehensive livelihood household survey to assess the conditions and problems constraining fishing households in Lake Sebu. The study found that fishing-related benefits were mainly derived from aquaculture. Capture fisheries are essentially very small-scale; low gear open fishing done by local fisher folk that generates only subsistence income. Local residents are …

Evaluation Of Bacillus Subtilis Pb6 Probiotic (Clostat®500) On Feedlot Phase Growth Performance, Efficiency Of Dietary Net Energy Utilization, And Fecal And Subiliac Lymph Node Salmonella Prevalence In Spring Placement Yearling Beef Steers Fed In Southeastern South Dakota, Zachary K. Smith, P. Rand Broadway, Warren C. Rusche, Julie A. Walker, Keith R. Underwood, Jeri;Yn E. Hergenreder

SDSU Beef Day 2021 Summary Publication

Objective
The objective of this research was to determine the influence of Bacillus subtilis PB6 administration had on growth performance, carcass traits, and Salmonella prevalence in yearling steers placed on feed in March in southeastern South Dakota that were not subjected to marketing or environmental stressors during the finishing phase.
Study Description
Yearling crossbred beef steers (N = 238; initial shrunk BW = 886 ± 68.8 lbs) were used in a 140-d finishing study at the Southeast Research Farm (SERF) in Beresford, SD. Steers were allotted to one of 24 pens (N = 9 to 10 steers/pen) and assigned to …

Effects Of Harvest Maturity And/Or Kernel Processing On Corn Silage Processing Score And Particle Size Of Corn Silage, Thomas Hamilton, Julie Walker, Warren Rusche, Zachary Smith

SDSU Beef Day 2021 Summary Publication

Objective
A single corn hybrid was used to evaluate harvest maturity (Mat) and/or kernel processing (KP) effects on corn silage processing score (CSPS) and particle size (PS).
Study Description
Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial of: 1) Mat (early and late) and 2) KP (no or yes). A single corn field was planted on April 27, 2020. There were 12 loads (experimental unit) per simple effect treatment mean. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design. Early harvest (3/4 milk line) occurred on August 28, 2020 [yield (as is) = 17.40 tons/acre; DM = 43.1%; CP, NDF, …