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Studies On The Feasibility Of Predicting Feedlot Performance From Certain Laboratory Grain Analyses, M. L. Galyean, D. G. Wagner, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Data from 14 cattle feeding trials were utilized to study the relationship between several laboratory analyses and animal feed intake (INTAKE), gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (F/G). Laboratory analyses considered were 6, 12 and 24 hr in vitro dry matter disappearance (IV6, IV12, IV24, respectively); in vitro gas production in 1 hr and 6 hr (GP1 and GP6, respectively); and degree of gelatinization (GEL). A multiple regression equation with variables for treatment and trial classification, initial weight and the quadratic effect of initial weight was fit to the data. The effect of initial weight was significant for all three performance …

New Policy Hits Hard At Sheep Lice, F C. Wilkinson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In March 1977 the regulation requiring compulsory routine dipping of all sheep within 30 days of shearing changed, and only infested flocks were required to be dipped. This change has allowed concentrated eradication efforts.

Some Basic Facts About Primary Blowflies, N Monzu

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Research has begun on blowfly species attacking sheep in Western Australia. Already this research has indicated the importance of a species in Western Australia which is not a problem in the Eastern States.

Future management of sheep flocks to minimise fly strike may require recognition of the differences between blowfly species. This article gives a description of the primary species - those which can initiate strikes.

Effect Of Energy Source Prior To Parturitian And During Lactation On Tissue Lipid, Liver Glycogen And Plasma Levels Of Some Metabolytes In The Newborn Pig, R. Dean Boyd, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., P. J. Cunningham

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of energy source (carbohydrate or fat), fed to sows prior to parturition and during lactation, on energy storage and some metabolite levels in the neonatal pig which may exert an influence on rate of survival.

Factors Affecting Twinning And Effects Of Twinning In Holstein Dairy Cattle, R. A. Cady, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Data were obtained from 23,978 calving records collected by the Eastern Artificial Insemination Cooperative's Calving Survey. The survey information included breed, parity and size of dam, date of breeding and birth, identification of sire and maternal grandsire, sex, size, and vigor of calf, and difficulty of birth. Due to small numbers of records for non-Holstein breeds, only Holstein records were used in the analyses. As parity increased, the incidence of twinning increased (P<.05). Month of birth (conception) and the size of dam measured within parity did not affect the twinning rate. The heritability of twinning, estimated using the genetic covariance between paternal half-sibs was .05 over all parities and within parity was .06, .03, and .03 for the first, second and third parities, respectively. Length of gestation for twins was 5 days less (P<.05) than for singles. In addition, twins were smaller and weaker, and their birth was accompanied by more dystocia than monoparous calves (P<.05). Neonatal mortality was four times higher (P<.05) for twins as compared to single births. In view of these facts, it does not appear that selection programs designed to increase twinning rates would be desirable for Holstein dairy cattle.

Factors Influencing Racing Performance Of The Standard-Bred Pacer, R. L. Hintz, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Generalized least squares solutions were used to estimate effects of post position, track condition, purse within class of race, and breaking stride on time at finish of the Standardbred pacer. A total of 30,181 race records made during the 1972 racing season were analyzed. All effects were found to have a significant influence on time at finish. Differences between effects were generally uniform across age groups. Since post position, track condition, purse within class of race, and breaking stride were found to have a substantial influence on racing performance, these factors should be considered when estimating a horse's racing ability. …

Breeding For Increased Protein Content In Milk, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The principles of selection are reviewed as a basis for discussing selection for protein content of milk. The correlations among components of milk will cause correlated responses in all even when selection is for only one component. Selection for fractional composition of fat or protein would lead to increases in content of fat and protein, but the expected increases in total yields of fat and protein would be much less than if selection were for yield of milk, fat, or protein. Selection should be for milk, fat, and protein yield with relative economic emphasis determined by the net economic value …

Direct And Indirect Sire Evaluations For Fat Test And Economic Merit, G. R. Ufford, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Evaluations for milk, fat yield, and fat test for Holstein sires in artificial insemination were calculated from first lactation records of Holstein daughters by best linear unbiased prediction procedures. Indirect evaluations for fat test also were calculated by adding best linear unbiased predictions for milk and fat yield to breed averages for milk and fat yield to calculate test and then subtracting breed average fat test. The indirect evaluation for test had a simple correlation of .99 with fat test from best linear unbiased prediction. Dollar value indexes were calculated from evaluations for milk yield and from evaluations for fat …

Economic Analysis Of Protein Testing For Selection, R. D. Anderson, R. W. Everett, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The expected change in dollar return from incorporating milk, fat, and protein records in a selection index (Index 1) was compared to that from an index utilizing just milk and fat records (Index 2) under pricing systems paying for milk, fat, and protein.

Dollar return 1 was superior to dollar return 2 when there was either no payment for protein or high payment for protein. For sire selection the expected changes in dollar return for the two indices were equal at a price for protein of $.88 per kg whereas for cow selection the returns were equal at a protein …

Estimation Of Genetic Trends From Cow And Sire Evaluations, R. L. Hintz, R. W. Everett, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Milk production records of Ayrshire, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, and Brown Swiss in the Northeast were used to estimate trends in transmitting ability of sires and genetic merit of cows. Genetic trends in the transmitting ability of Artificial Insemination sires for the Ayrshire, Guernsey, Holstein, Jersey, and Brown Swiss breeds averaged 23.7, 14.6, 17.9, 18.3, and 34.7 kg per year.

Genetic trends in the AI cow populations averaged 36.1, 25.4, 26.1, 25.0 and 38.1 kg. The genetic trends of cow populations were less than twice the contribution of sires to genetic trends, indicating that estimating genetic trends in cow populations by …

Feeding Value Of Brown-Midrib Corn Silage For Lactating Dairy Cows, Joel Leigh Sommerfeldt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A 14 wk lactation trial was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of brown-midrib (bm₃) corn silage and its normal (N) genetic counterpart using ten Holstein cows per group averaging 6 wk post-partum at the start of the experiment. The cow were fed corn silage (bm₃ or N) ad libitum, 2.25 kg alfalfa hay/hd and grain (1 kg/3 kg milk produced) dairy. The bm₃ and N, respectively. Milk production for cows fed bm₃ and N was 25.0 and 25.5 kg/day. Fat corrected milk and solids corrected milk were similar for both groups. A total collection …

Reasons Why Cows Were Removed From The Sdsu Fairy Herd 1. Discriminant Analysis To Classify Cows With Or Without Reproductive Problems, Fred Tidemann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the keys to financial success in the dairy business is the ability of management to detect herd problems and correct them instead of culling cows. It is well known that the average productive life of the dairy cow is less than 4 yr, which is short compared with her potential life. Involuntary removal of cows causes economic loss directly as a result of its effect on yearly milk production, increased replacement cost, and indirectly because the potential selection differential is reduced with premature loss of high producing cows. The degree of culling is related to important economic considerations …

An Evaluation Of High Protein Oat Forage For Dairy Cattle, Thomas Lee Schroeder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As world population climbs toward the 6 billion mark predicted for the turn of the century, it becomes of grave importance that we meet the challenge of human food production. In developed nations, urban sprawl is devouring land once used for agricultural purposes, while in underdeveloped nations, malnutrition is commonplace. The technology of the 21st century will need to develop new methods and means whereby grains can be increasingly used to provide the nutritional needs of humans. Therefore, animal scientists must work toward even more efficient utilization of roughages by ruminant animals. Efficient conversion of roughages to high quality human …

Monensin, Protein Supplementation And Tylosin For Feedlot Cattle, Roger N. Gates

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Scientific research has made substantial contributions to the efficiency of American agriculture. Livestock producers in particular have benefited from the extensive study of animal nutrition. Nutrient requirements of animals and the nutrient composition of feeds are essential to efficient and economical feeding of farm animals. Research over many years has provided considerable information on animal requirements and feed composition. While there are still many gaps of knowledge in those areas, available information allows wise choice in selecting feedstuffs and using them in various combinations to meet animal requirements for various productive purposes. Feed costs represent the single largest expenditure in …

Flumethasone Induction Of Parturition In The Ewe, Donald H. Rommereim

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The idea of controlling the time of parturition in domestic mammals has arisen in the last 15 years from the development of techniques of estrous synchronization and from studies achieved on the mechanism of birth. Controlling the time of parturition is a management technique by which a producer might reduce livestock losses at birth and/or cut production costs. Birth for the new-born, or parturition for the mother is a critical time. Controlling the time of parturition allows the producer to exercise a constrained supervision at this critical time, and therefore limit possible losses. Being present at birth allows the producer: …

Pregnancy Diagnosis In The Ewe, Michael J. Trapp

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The ability to diagnose pregnancy accurately, rapidly and economically before the last six weeks of gestation in the ewe could be of real value as a sheep management tool. An efficient non-surgical pregnancy test could enable the producer to reduce feed costs, increase percent lamb crop and select for fertility. It is important to the health of the ewe and to the survival of the lamb that highly productive animals should be adequately fed. About 75% of the fetus' growth occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy. Therefore undernutrition of the ewe during this part of pregnancy leads to the …

Effect Of Heat Treatment On Protein Quality And Utilization Of Soybean And Sunflower Meals By Dairy Cattle, Mohammad Ahrar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Effect of heat treatment on soybean and sunflower meal proteins were studied using in vitro and in vivo techniques. In experiment I, soybean meal (SBM) and sunflower meal (SFM) were subjected to steam heating about 120 C for 25 to 30 seconds using a commercial cooker extruder. The heat treatment was designed to reduce solubility of the SBM and SFM in the rumen, thereby allowing more soybean meal protein and sunflower meal protein to be undigestible in the rumen but still digestible in the lower digestive tract when fed to cattle. Solubilities of protein in SBM and SFM were reduced …

Utilization Of Whole Aspen Tree Material As A Ruminant Feed Component, Mahendra Singh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A series of three separate experiments were conducted to determine the value of aspen tree (Populus tremuloides Michx.) as a ruminant feed component in growing, finishing and wintering rations. The entire tree, including the branches, leaves and bark, was fed to Hereford steers and commercial bred stock cows. In experiment 1, sixty steers were randomly allotted to six treatments of ten each. The six treatment rations were: 93% alfalfa as control, 12% aspen, 24% aspen, 36% aspen, 48% aspen and 48% aspen (with 4% sodium hydroxide). Soybean meal was included in aspen rations in a ratio of 40% soybean meal …

Feeding Habits And Behavior Of The Whiptail Lizard Cnemidophorus Tigris On Partida Island, Patrick Alan Malone

Masters Theses

The feeding habits of the whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus tigris were studied from May 25 until July 23, 1977 on the Partida Island in the Gulf of California. Analysis of the stomach contents of 91 lizards revealed that during this period the eggs and young of the least and black petrel are a primary food source while tenebrionid beetles become a major food source after bird products become unavailable.

The Structure And Fate Of Germinal Plasm In The Asiatic Fire-Bellied Frog, Bombina Orientalis (Anura-Discoglossidae), Ted W. Odom

Masters Theses

Lehman's polychrome stain was used to follow the fate of germinal plasm in early development of Bombina orientalis embryos. Islets of germinal plasm approximately 6 um in diameter were observed in the vegetal pole region of the 2-cell embryo. By the 4-cell stage, some of these islets had coalesced to form larger ones so that two size classes of islets were present (approximately 7.5 and 19.5 um in diameter).

As cleavage continued to the 16-cell stage, the islets were moved further up the cleavage furrow and were always observed to remain in close association with the cleavage membrane. The islets …

A Histochemical Study Of Tooth Development In The Chinese Hamster (Cricetulus Griseus), Robert B. Daszkiewicz

Masters Theses

The normal morphological development of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) during the last week of gestation was studied. A review of the literature reveals no distinct study of tooth development in this species. An identical gestation period is found in the mouse (Mus musculus) making direct comparison between the embryos of the same age of the two species feasible. During this investigation, it was found that morphological tooth development in the Chinese hamster lagged behind that of the mouse by about 2 days. On day 14 of gestation in the Chinese hamster, the oral epithelium is …

The Origins Of Spring Migratory Staging By Sandhill Cranes And White-Fronted Geese, Roger S. Sharpe

Biology Faculty Publications

A most unusual avian migratory event takes place each .,pring in the Platte River basin of Nebraska between 98 and 102 degrees longitude (Fig. 1). In suitable habitats throughout this area large concentrations of Sandhill Cranes, Crus canadensis, and White-fronted Geese, Anser albifrons, develop and achieve peak populations in mid to late March. This phenomenon is traditional to the migratory habits of specific populations and occurs during the spring movement from wintering grounds in Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico to breeding grounds far to the north in Canada and Alaska. In both species groups of individuals drift in from wintering …

A Comparison Between Crossbred And Straightbred Production Of Targhee Range Ewes, James M. Pajl

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This investigation was initiated. to determine the effect of crossbred vs. straightbred production under the environmental conditions found at the Antelope Range Research Station, Buffalo, South Dakota.

Fish Of Lake Mead And Lake Mohave, Robert C. Allan, Dennis L. Roden

Publications (WR)

This publication offers an in-depth study of the fish and other organisms that live in Lakes Mead and Mohave. The history and background of the two lakes is offered, as well as information about diseases, parasites, and unusual fish occurrences. Food sources, predation and competition are also discussed.

The Effects Of Added Dry Whey On Yield And Acceptability Of Cheddar Cheese, James M. Wingfield

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cheese production and sales are a major part of the U.S. dairy industry. Total hard cheese sales have increased 60% in the past 10 yr. Per capita consumption of cheese for the same period has risen from 2.81 kilograms (kg) to 4.03 kg for a 43% increase. In response to greater consumer demand the amount of milk utilized in cheese production has increased markedly during the past quarter century rising from the low of 10% of annual milk production in 1950 to 24% in 1976. This recent increase in cheese production emphasizes the importance of achieving maximum yields of cheese …

Effects Of Strain On Response Of Laying Hens To Low Protein Diets And Amino Acid Supplements, Ali B. Kashani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Corn is by far the most widely used cereal grain in the United States for poultry feeding. In addition to its high energy content, corn provides adequate amounts of the essential fatty acids for maximum rates of growth and egg production. Palatability and ample xanthophyll and provitamin A contents of fresh corn are some o the other contributing factors for its popularity in livestock feeding. The most serious limitation in the nutritional value of corn as well as other cereal grains lies in the fact that they are low in both quantity and quality of protein. It has been a …

Blood Gases And Certain Energy Metabolite Concentrations In Ammonia Intoxicated Sheep, George E. Romkema

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this study were to measure the changes occurring in certain blood parameters during acute ammonia intoxication. It was hoped that these changes would reflect and thereby provide insight into the effects of acute ammonia intoxication on metabolic processes. Blood pH, p0₂, and pC0₂ were measured in order to observe possible metabolic disturbances as reflected in the acid-base balance. Glucose was measured due to its importance as a basic energy source and metabolic intermediate. Volatile fatty acids were measured because they serve as an important energy source in ruminants. Non-esterified fatty acids and triglycerides were …

Deterioration Of Eggshell Quality And Calcium Metabolism In Laying Hens, Chang Won Kang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The present study was undertaken to: (1) develop a reliable method of measuring eggshell quality, (2) determine whether diet alterations that cause a somewhat reduced rate of egg production could influence shell quality, and (3) determine whether certain biochemical parameters involved in calcium metabolism are related to shell quality.

Osteoarthrosis In A Coyote X Dog Hybrid From Nebraska, B. R. Mahan, P. S. Gipson

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Osteoarthrosis is described in a wild, 14-year-old coyote (Canis latrans) x dog (C. familiaris) hybrid shot in southeastern Nebraska. There was ankylosis of five vertebrae, the head of the left femur was absent, and periarticular osteophytes occurred throughout the skeleton. The age is significant because wild coyotes seldom live beyond 6 years and coyote x dog hybrids are considered to be less fit for survival in the wild than coyotes.

Analysis Of The Flehmen Display In American Bison (Bison Bison), Brian R. Mahan, Michael P. Munger, Harvey L. Gunderson

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

A tota1 of 873 Flehmen (lip curl) displays by bison (Bison bison) was recorded and statistically analyzed in relation to individual factors such as age and sex, and external factors such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, and Flehmen stimulus to determine if differences between subgroups of individuals existed and if Flehmen was environmentally affected. The mean lip curl display duration for all individuals was 8.4 seconds. Statistical tests of Flehmen duration means grouped by Flehmen stimuli showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Lip curl duration means for males (8.3 sec.) and females (9.3 sec.), "maturity classes", all age-classes, cow age-classes, and bull age-classes were significantly different (p < 0.05). Because of a marked decrease of duration means for "prime" bulls, some relationship between Flehmen duration and sexual behavior of bulls was suggested. Windspeed, humidity, and temperature were determined …