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Articles 31531 - 31560 of 36475

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Effect Of Source Of Pig, Housing System, And Receiving Diet On Performance Of Purchased Feeder Pigs, M. C. Brumm, E. R. Peo, Jr., S. R. Lowry, A. Hogg Jan 1982

Effect Of Source Of Pig, Housing System, And Receiving Diet On Performance Of Purchased Feeder Pigs, M. C. Brumm, E. R. Peo, Jr., S. R. Lowry, A. Hogg

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of source of pig, housing system and receiving diet on performance of purchased feeder pigs. Pigs purchased from distant auction markets (DM) gained slower for the first 13 d post-arrival (P<.01, trials 1 and 2) than pigs of similar size purchased from local, one-owner sources (LS).

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Testosterone Feedback On Fsh Secretion In Male Sheep, M. J. D'Occhio, B. D. Schanbacher, J. E. Kinder Jan 1982

Testosterone Feedback On Fsh Secretion In Male Sheep, M. J. D'Occhio, B. D. Schanbacher, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Testosterone-filled Silastic capsules were implanted into mature rams at the time of castration (wethers). After 6 weeks, a tonic pattern of FSH secretion was observed in rams, wethers and wethers implanted with testosterone. Castration caused serum concentrations of FSH to increase 4-5-fold. Relatively low serum concentrations of testosterone (25-50% of intact ram values) did not significantly affect FSH secretion in wethers, but wethers exposed to concentrations of testosterone equivalent to those of intact rams had serum concentrations of FSH similar to those of intact rams. We suggest that testosterone feedback can account for the gross differences in FSH observed between …

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Oxidation Rates Of Major Fatty Acids In Fasting Neonatal Pigs, R. D. Boyd, R. A. Britton, H. Knoche, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo Jr., R. K. Johnson Jan 1982

Oxidation Rates Of Major Fatty Acids In Fasting Neonatal Pigs, R. D. Boyd, R. A. Britton, H. Knoche, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo Jr., R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Thirty-two pigs were used to compare the oxidation rates of uniformly labeled (U-14C) palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids in fasting neonatal pigs. The pigs were allowed to nurse the sow for 24 to 48 h following birth. Subsequently, they were removed, an indwelling catheter was surgically placed in the external iliac vein and the pigs were fasted for 12 h to attain a postabsorptive state. The 14C fatty acids were administered as a single infusion (10 / μCi) via the catheter, and recovery of the label as expired 14CO2 was determined at …

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Effect Of Pregnancy On Disease Resistance, Rita C. Manak Jan 1982

Effect Of Pregnancy On Disease Resistance, Rita C. Manak

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

During pregnancy, the immune response of cattle has an altered potential to overcome infection than during an open period. Several mechanisms seem to control this immune response, and they are being currently researched.

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Effect Of Herbicides On Performance Of Aerobic Dairy Lagoons, John D. Bottom, Joseph L. Taraba Jan 1982

Effect Of Herbicides On Performance Of Aerobic Dairy Lagoons, John D. Bottom, Joseph L. Taraba

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The herbicides glyphosate, bromacil, and dalapon were assessed for their affect on the oxygen uptake of microorganisms from an aerated dairy lagoon at 20 °C. The maximum recommended addition of herbicide active ingerdient to a lagoon is: glyphosate (isopropyl amino salt)—0.42 mg/L; bromacil—3.70 mg/L; and dalapon (85.8 percent Na salt and 14.2 percent Mg salt)—1.95 mg/L. In addition, microorganism isolates from the aerobic dairy lagoon were incubated under aerobic and anerobic conditions at room temperature to assess the effects of the herbicides. Under aerobic incubation, it was found that neither herbicide type nor herbicide concentration affected isolate growth. Under anaerobic …

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The Grazing Value Of Saltbushes, A J. Clarke Jan 1982

The Grazing Value Of Saltbushes, A J. Clarke

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Many Western Australian/armers have obtained useful grazing from their salt/and in the past, both from natural stands of salt tolerant plants and from areas planted to a variety of introduced salt tolerant plants. The benefits provided by such grazing have been hard to assess because no quantitative figures were available. However, grazing trials now in progress are showing that salt tolerant shrubs can carry similar stocking rates to clover-based pastures in the same districts. About 500,000 hectares of Western Australian wheatbelt land has always been saline, and has supported various useful native salt-tolerant plants. Other land that has become saline …

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The Red-Tailed Hawk On Sauvie Island, Oregon, Kevin J. Lien Jan 1982

The Red-Tailed Hawk On Sauvie Island, Oregon, Kevin J. Lien

Dissertations and Theses

A study was undertaken to determine the abundance, distribution, perching heights, diets and territory sizes of Red-Tailed Hawks on Sauvie Island, Oregon. Sauvie Island supported a large wintering population of non-territorial Red-Tailed Hawks. The establishment of territories began around 10 January. Average perch height was found to be 14.2 m. Average perch height increased from fall to spring, corresponding-to the onset of the breeding season and to the onset of egg-laying and incubation. Voles (Microtus spp.) were the principal prey year-round, though waterfowl were more important in terms of biomass in the winter and early spring. Territory sizes on the …

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Temporal And Phenomenological Aspects Of Social Behavior In Captive Wolves (Canis Lupus L.), Paul C. Paquet Jan 1982

Temporal And Phenomenological Aspects Of Social Behavior In Captive Wolves (Canis Lupus L.), Paul C. Paquet

Dissertations and Theses

Although cooperative behavior is generally acknowledged to occur among wolves, there is a lack of systematically collected data confirming the extent of development. The objectives of this study were to collect long-term, detailed observations documenting the role of social structure, seasonal influences, and individual participation in wolf pack cooperative activities. Individual cooperative strategies were associated with age, sex, and social positions and critically compared with results of similar studies. Emphasis was placed on quantifying group and dyadic relationships, focusing on reproductive strategies and dominance structure. Additional data were collected on denning behavior, maternal care behavior, scent marking, and spontaneous individual …

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Influence Of Energy Intake During Lactation On The Interval From Weaning To First Estrus In Sows, D. E. Reese, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, Dwayne R. Zimmerman, J. E. Kinder, W. W. Stroup, Win Butler Jan 1982

Influence Of Energy Intake During Lactation On The Interval From Weaning To First Estrus In Sows, D. E. Reese, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, Dwayne R. Zimmerman, J. E. Kinder, W. W. Stroup, Win Butler

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A total of 191 crossbred sows were used to determine the effect of energy intake during one lactation on (1) sow and pig performance and (2) the percentage of sows in estrus by 7, 14, 21 and 70 d post-weaning. Sows received 8 (Lo) or 16 (Hi) Meal of metabolizable energy (ME)/d (Exp. 1 and 2) and 8 (Lo), 12 (Md) or 16 (Hi) Meal of ME/d (Exp. 3) during a 28-d lactation period. All sows were fed an equal amount of crude protein, vitamins and minerals that met or exceeded the recommendations of the National Research Council.

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Influence Of Energy Intake During Lactation On Subsequent Gestation, Lactation And Postweaning Performance Of Sows, D. E. Reese, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, Dwayne R. Zimmerman, J. E. Kinder, W. W. Stroup, Win Butler Jan 1982

Influence Of Energy Intake During Lactation On Subsequent Gestation, Lactation And Postweaning Performance Of Sows, D. E. Reese, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., A. J. Lewis, Dwayne R. Zimmerman, J. E. Kinder, W. W. Stroup, Win Butler

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Forty-four second parity crossbred sows were used to determine (1) the effect of energy intake during their first lactation (Lac 1) on subsequent reproductive performance from re-breeding to farrowing and (2) the effect of energy intake during two successive lactations on performance during the second lactation (Lac 2) and post-weaning periods. Sows received 8 (Lo) or 16 (Hi) Meal of metabolizable energy (ME)/d during Lac 1 and 5.4 Mcal of ME/d during the subsequent gestation.

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Selection For Lean Growth In Swine, Erik R. Cleveland, P. J. Cunningham, E. R. Peo, Jr. Jan 1982

Selection For Lean Growth In Swine, Erik R. Cleveland, P. J. Cunningham, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Growth rate (ADG) and back fat (BF) data were collected during five generations of selection in two lines of Gene Pool pigs (14-breed synthetic): select (S) and control (C). C were randomly selected, while mass selection was practiced in the S line with an index (I), I = 100 + 286.6 (ADG) - 39.4 (BF). S and C pigs were fed a 14% protein, corn-soybean meal diet from 42 d of age until they reached 79.4 kg.

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Individual And Maternal Additive And Heterotic Effects On 205-Day Weight In Beef Cattle, M. D. Macneil, C. A. Dinkel, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 1982

Individual And Maternal Additive And Heterotic Effects On 205-Day Weight In Beef Cattle, M. D. Macneil, C. A. Dinkel, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Weaning weight records on 47,652 calves in 371 contemporary groups were obtained from the South Dakota Beef Cattle Improvement Association and used to estimate breed individual and maternal additive effects and heterotic effects on 205-d weight. A mixed model was used. Individual additive effects were -22.6 ± 1.3 kg for Red Angus, -19.0 ± 1.1 for Hereford, -12.2 ± .9 for Angus, -11.5 ± 3.1 for Polled Hereford, -10.1 ± 2.2 for Shorthorn, -7.5 ± 4.9 for Tarentaise, 5.3 ± 1.6 for Gelbvieh, 9.5 ± 1.8 for Limousin, 11.4 ± 3.1 for Chianina, 12.4-± 1.2 for Charolais, 14.6 ± 1.2 …

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Selection With Restriction In Cattle, E. Niebel, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 1982

Selection With Restriction In Cattle, E. Niebel, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Application of new and accurate methods of estimating breeding values and systematic selection based on performance characters have increased the complexity of animal breeding. Negative correlations between the most important characters may be involved, especially in the selection of dairy and beef cattle. This problem demands efficient selection models to maximize genetic improvement of some economic traits and simultaneously to restrict other antagonistic traits to a certain genetic change. We have established a general theory of selection indexes with constraints to impose fixed and proportional restrictions when several selection indexes containing different information sources are applied. A detailed description of …

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Comparison Of First Lactations And All Lactations Of Dams To Predict Sons’ Milk Evaluations, P. A. Murphy, R. W. Everett, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 1982

Comparison Of First Lactations And All Lactations Of Dams To Predict Sons’ Milk Evaluations, P. A. Murphy, R. W. Everett, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Multiple regression of genetic evaluations of about 170 Holstein bulls on sire, dam, and maternal grandsire genetic evaluations indicated that the partial regression coefficient for the sire is similar to the theoretical regression coefficient (.45 vs..50), that the regression coefficient for the dam is much smaller than the theoretical regression coefficient when all records of the dam including her first are included in her evaluation (.12 vs..35), although about as expected when only first records of the cow and her herdmates are used (.33 vs..35), and that the regression for the maternal grandsire is larger than expected when his proof …

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Monte Carlo Study Of Genetic Groups In Sire Evaluation, T. R. Famula, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 1982

Monte Carlo Study Of Genetic Groups In Sire Evaluation, T. R. Famula, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Fixed genetic groups have been defined arbitrarily in linear models for sire evaluation. This simulation examined genetic groups under several selection strategies. Sires with highest estimated transmitting abilities were selected to have sons and additional female progeny. The process of evaluation and selection of sires and dams was continued for four generations. Final estimates of transmitting ability were compared to actual transmitting ability for several sire evaluation models on 300 simulated data sets. Genetic groups defined by generation increased the accuracy of estimating sire transmitting abilities over ignoring genetic groups when selected dams and sires of young bulls were mated. …

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Components Of Variance Of Dairymen's Workability Traits Among Holstein Cows, K. Agyemang, E. Clapp, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 1982

Components Of Variance Of Dairymen's Workability Traits Among Holstein Cows, K. Agyemang, E. Clapp, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Dairymen of an artificial insemination cooperative subjectively evaluated 5,601 of their cows in first lactation sired by 187 young Holstein bulls for temperament, milking speed, udder, leg and foot problems, and milk production. Exclusive categories were defined for each characteristic. Individual categories were separate traits, and components of variance and covariance were estimated for herd-year of measurement, sire of cow, and residual effects. Variance from sire of cow was less than 3% of the total for all traits so that heritabilities within herd-year were less than .12 for every trait. Variances and covariances were used in a multiple trait sire …

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Relationships Among Sires In Estimating Genetic Variance, L. Dale Van Vleck, G. F. S. Hudson Jan 1982

Relationships Among Sires In Estimating Genetic Variance, L. Dale Van Vleck, G. F. S. Hudson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A method to account for relationships among sires in estimating covariance among paternal half-sibs and heritability is described. The reduction in sum of squares from fitting sire effects after eliminating all other effects in the model is divided by the sum of products of elements of the matrix of coefficients after absorption and elements of the matrix of relationships among sires rather than by the trace of the matrix of coefficients. The method requires computation of relationships that for many sires may be difficult.

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Theoretical Weights For Regression Of A Son's Genetic Evaluation On His Sire's And His Dam's Genetic Evaluations, L. Dale Van Vleck Jan 1982

Theoretical Weights For Regression Of A Son's Genetic Evaluation On His Sire's And His Dam's Genetic Evaluations, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Theoretical weights for prediction of a son's genetic evaluation from genetic evaluations of his sire and dam are derived. Weights for sire and dam are equal and depend on number of daughters of the son when the bull evaluation is from his daughters alone and cow evaluation is from her records alone. Mixed model procedures which incorporate records of other relatives change theoretical weights. When records of daughters of both the son and his sire are used in evaluations of both, theoretical weights for the sire to predict the son's evaluation are about .50 for many combinations of daughter numbers …

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Effect Of Tallow And Choline Chloride Addition To The Diet Of Sows On Milk Composition, Milk Yield And Preweaning Pig Performance, R. D. Boyd, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo Jr., A. R. Lewis, R. K. Johnson Jan 1982

Effect Of Tallow And Choline Chloride Addition To The Diet Of Sows On Milk Composition, Milk Yield And Preweaning Pig Performance, R. D. Boyd, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo Jr., A. R. Lewis, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Four trials were conducted with a total of 188 crossbred sows to determine the effect of feeding diets supplemented with tallow (0 or 8%) and choline chloride (220 or 770 mg/kg diet) prior to parturition and during lactation on preweaning pig performance. On d 100 of gestation, sows were allotted to four factorially arranged dietary treatments: 0% tallow-220 mg/kg choline chloride, 0% tallow-770 mg/kg choline chloride, 8% tallow-220 mg/kg choline chloride, 8% tallow-770 mg/kg choline chloride. Diets without tallow were fed at the rate of 1.82 kg/d with an additional .18 kg/d of cornstarch, whereas sows receiving diets supplemented with …

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Macroinvertebrate Utilization Of Leaf Detritus In A Riffle Of The Illinois River, Arkansas, Arthur V. Brown, Janet P. Ricker Jan 1982

Macroinvertebrate Utilization Of Leaf Detritus In A Riffle Of The Illinois River, Arkansas, Arthur V. Brown, Janet P. Ricker

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Small (5 g) leaf packs were placed in a shallow riffle area of the Illinois River in western Benton County, Arkansas, and sequentially retrieved after various exposure times during the winter and spring of 1980. Oak leaves (Quercus shumardii) were utilized more rapidly (9.2% remaining after 91 days), followed by oak/sycamore (Q. shumardii/Platanus occidentalis) leaf packs (31.8% remaining after 91 days). Sycamore {P. occidentalis) was the slowest processed type (32.2% remaining after 91 days). The initial colonization by shredders as characteristic of northern U S. streams did not occur in this study. Collector organisms were present in the leaf packs …

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Wild Commercial Fishery Of Arkansas, Tommie Crawford, Mike Freeze Jan 1982

Wild Commercial Fishery Of Arkansas, Tommie Crawford, Mike Freeze

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Arkansas' wild commercial fishery industry was surveyed to evaluate commercial fish products produced within the state. The total wild commercial catch for the period of 1 July 1980 to 30 June 1981 was approximately 8,680,124 kg with a value of $6,245,967. These values represent an increase of approximately 3% from the previous year. The bulk of the commercial harvest was made up of buffalo fishes (Ictiobus spp.), catfishes (Ictalurus spp), gars (Lepisosteus spp.) and carp (Cyprinus carpio). The number of commercial fishermen remained relatively unchanged from 1979-1980, with 3,843 licensed fishermen operating on the state's waterways. The number of licensed …

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Leaf Detritus Processing In An Ozark Cave Stream, Arthur V. Brown, Mark D. Schram Jan 1982

Leaf Detritus Processing In An Ozark Cave Stream, Arthur V. Brown, Mark D. Schram

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Detritus processing rates and mechanisms were investigated in an Ozark cave stream using post oak (Quercus stellata) leaf packs. The 5 g leaf packs lost ca. 30% of their dry weight within 84 days, resulting in a calculated K value of 0.05. This was an unexpectedly high rate of utilization. Diversity of invertebrates associated with the leaf packs was very low. Stygobromus ozarkensis (Amphipoda) was the only shredder. The two isopods, Caecidotea stiladactyla and Lirceus sp. were the only collectors observed other than a single species of oligochaete worm. Our data indicated that leaf detritus processing rates are virtually independent …

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Continuation Of Spider Research In Arkansas: East Central Ozark Mountain Area, Mary L. Beck, Peggy Rae Dorris Jan 1982

Continuation Of Spider Research In Arkansas: East Central Ozark Mountain Area, Mary L. Beck, Peggy Rae Dorris

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A preliminary study of spiders concentrated in the eastern section of the Ozark Mountain Area was made for the purpose of determining spider fauna in an on-going research effort to elucidate the total spider fauna of the entire state. At present, 247 species of spiders have been reported.

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Soil Traversing Arthropod Populations As Sampled By Pitfall Traps In Sunflower And Three Adjacent Habitats In Northeast Arkansas, Linda A. Lee, Harvey E. Barton Jan 1982

Soil Traversing Arthropod Populations As Sampled By Pitfall Traps In Sunflower And Three Adjacent Habitats In Northeast Arkansas, Linda A. Lee, Harvey E. Barton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Soil traversing arthropod populations were sampled by pitfall traps in sunflower (Helianthus spp.) and three adjacent habitats during the months of July, August and September of 1980 and May, June, July and August of 1981. In1980, four varieties of sunflower (Ellar, Hybrid 670, 891 and S-345) were planted. A single variety of sunflower (Ellar) was planted in1981. The three adjacent habitats in both 1980 and 1981 were a pine stand, grass border and fence row. Of 1,748 specimens collected in 1980, 17 orders and 48 families were represented. Four orders comprised 78% of the total catch: Hymenoptera (45%), Acari (17%), …

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Effects Of Water Released From Stratified And Unstratified Reservoirs On The Downstream Water Quality, Stephen B. Smith Jan 1982

Effects Of Water Released From Stratified And Unstratified Reservoirs On The Downstream Water Quality, Stephen B. Smith

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Water quality samples were collected from the Little River system in Pine Creek Lake, Oklahoma, and Gillham Lake, Arkansas, and their associated tailwaters during the winter (reservoirs unstratified) and summer (reservoirs stratified) of 1980. Downstream water quality was not affected by reservoir water releases while the reservoirs were unstratified. When the reservoirs were stratified water quality in the tailwaters was dependent on the release depth of the water. The practice of flushing out a tailwater following an extended low flow period should be examined on a site by site basis. Anoxic water released from a reservoir may contain high amounts …

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Selection Of Breeding Ponds By The Ringed Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum, Peter P. Brussock, Arthur V. Brown Jan 1982

Selection Of Breeding Ponds By The Ringed Salamander, Ambystoma Annulatum, Peter P. Brussock, Arthur V. Brown

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Polyculture Of Giant Malaysian Prawns (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii) And Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas), Tommie Crawford, Mike Freeze Jan 1982

Polyculture Of Giant Malaysian Prawns (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii) And Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas), Tommie Crawford, Mike Freeze

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Cave Fauna Of Arkansas: Further Records, James D. Dunivan, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1982

Cave Fauna Of Arkansas: Further Records, James D. Dunivan, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Taxa Present In Two Ozark Springs In Randolph County, Arkansas, G. Randall Guntharp, George L. Harp Jan 1982

Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Taxa Present In Two Ozark Springs In Randolph County, Arkansas, G. Randall Guntharp, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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An Infestation Of The Bat Bug Cimex Pilosellus On An Arkansas Population Of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus Fuscus), Alan D. Price, V. Rick Mcdaniel, C. Renn Tumlison Jan 1982

An Infestation Of The Bat Bug Cimex Pilosellus On An Arkansas Population Of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus Fuscus), Alan D. Price, V. Rick Mcdaniel, C. Renn Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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