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Fallow And Red Deer: Requirements To Keep, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

This factsheet provides information on the requirements for keeping fallow and red deer species in Western Australia.

Fallow (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) are declared pests under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management (BAM) Act 2007 in Western Australia (WA).

The department assists in preventing the establishment of deer in the wild. This means a permit is required to keep fallow and red deer in WA. Animals that escape or become feral must be recaptured or destroyed.

Small populations of feral deer occur in WA from escaped captive stock and deliberate release. Deer damage native plants, crops and plantation …

Effects Of Different Protein And Lipid Levels In Practical Diets For Yellowtail Snapper, Ocyurus Chrysurus (Bloch, 1971), Stephanie F. Velasquez, Leonardo Ibarra-Castro, Alexis Weldon, Donald Allen Davis

Biology Faculty Publications

Yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus has great potential as a production fish in aquaculture, yet there is very limited information on its nutritional requirements. To establish baseline data, two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels in practical diets on growth and protein retention. The first trial, conducted over 14 weeks, used a series of diets with varying levels of protein (36%, 40%, and 44%) and lipids (6%, 10%, and 14%). The second trial, conducted for 10 weeks, used a series of diets with 36% protein and scaled lipid levels (7%, 10%, 13%, and 16%). …

From Block To Shred: Understanding The Factors Influencing Shreddability Of Mozzarella Cheese, Gunvantsinh Rathod, Suresh Saatariya, Ram Kumar, Praveen Upreti, Prafulla Salunke, J.K. Amamcharla

Dairy Science and Food Science Faculty Publications: 2022 to Present

Mozzarella cheese (MC) is widely used for pizza ap- plications, and it is generally shredded either in conver- sion plants or in pizzerias. The shreddability of MC is influenced by a variety of factors and it is critical to understand how different Mozzarella cheese types and storage conditions (temperature and age) affect this prop- erty. Three batches each of 3 types of MC (low-moisture Mozzarella (LMM), low-moisture part-skim Mozzarella (LMPS), and reduced fat Mozzarella (RFM)) representing 3 different fat levels were procured directly from a com- mercial manufacturer and stored at 2 different tempera- tures (1.67 and 4.44°C) and evaluated …

Saltland Pastures In Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Natural resources factsheets

Saltland pastures are associations of salt and waterlogging-tolerant plants that produce fodder for grazing animals from saline and waterlogged soils. Saltland pastures can improve production from saltland sites, reduce salt movement from the site, and improve soil structure.

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development recommends that saltland management is part of a whole-farm, and preferably whole-catchment, plan.

Protracted Maternal Malnutrition Induces Aberrant Changes In Maternal Uterine Artery Hemodynamics And The Metabolic Profiles Of The Dam And Neonate, Jennifer F. Thorson, Ligia D. Prezotto

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Malnutritional stress during gestation is a well-established driver of metabolic disfunction in offspring. Extended exposure to malnutrition requires metabolic plasticity as the animal shifts toward a catabolic state. In this paper we demonstrate the influence of malnutrition throughout gestation on uterine artery hemodynamics and the metabolism of the dam and neonate. We hypothesized that gestational malnutrition reduces blood flow of the maternal uterine artery and regulates the metabolic profile of the dam and offspring. Further, the combination of these factors consequently influences the concentration of metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of the neonate at birth. To test our hypotheses, pregnant …

Improving Lambing Rates And Changing Turnoff Times To Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Mandy Curnow, Sud Kharel, Claire Macleay

Animal production and livestock research reports

Running a flock of sheep and raising lambs generates both direct (enteric fermentation) and indirect (lime, fertiliser, fuel, production of feed) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There are ways to reduce emissions through sheep reproduction.

Lupin Root Diseases - Diagnosis And Management, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Root, hypocotyl and stem base diseases can be significant problems in lupin crops, reducing stand density, plant vigour and yield. Root disease is present in nearly all narrow leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) paddocks but in the majority of paddocks has only a small impact on crop development. However, in paddocks where high levels of root rot occurs, plant establishment, seedling vigour and crop yield can be significantly affected.

When a root disease is present in a crop very little can be done to manage it in that cropping season. It is therefore vital that the cause is correctly identified to …

Key Monitoring Times For The Ewe Flock, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

To ensure sheep are in the right condition at the right time, they should be frequently monitored and their nutrition adjusted throughout the year. Frequent monitoring is especially important at times of drought, or at the change of season when paddock condition can change rapidly.

Time Of Lambing, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

Choosing the best time of lambing, and matching paddock feed availability to ewe and weaner needs is important for both productivity and profitability. The ewes' natural breeding season will also affect reproductive rates. The ewe flock is the key flock on the farm, so it is important to set up a system that matches their needs with the feedbase. A ewe’s condition will vary over the season depending on the feed available and her needs. A ewe’s energy needs will double in late pregnancy and triple in lactation. Having enough feed to meet her changing needs is important for production …

Cattle Performance Grazing Canola And Cereal Crops, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development conducted research to investigate and demonstrate the performance of cattle grazing canola and cereal compared to animals left on pasture and investigate the value of spelling the pasture during the time the cattle are grazing crops.

Cattle grazing cereal crops had a higher liveweight gain compared to the cattle that remained on the pasture. However to see a significant benefit from grazing dual purpose crops, the grazing period may need to be longer than 4 weeks particularly when grazing canola.

The highest growth rates for cattle grazing the cereal crops were achieved …

Analysis Of The Impact Of Mass On The International Regulatory Framework In The Example Of Unclos Terminology : Issues, Legal Challenges, Possible Solutions, Akbar Akbarov

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Underwater Noise In Chilean Jurisdictional Waters : Critical Assessment Of National Legislation : Imo Instruments And International Regulations Implementation, Gonzalo Antonio Jiménez Briones

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Sea Blindness Or Sea Vision In Inland Waters : The State Of Maritime Domain Awareness In Lake Victoria-Kenya, Jacob Ogembo Odanga

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Level Of Supply Chain Resilence Of The Nigerian Shipping Industry : A Perspective Of Major Stakeholders, Josephine Onyeka Offodile

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Multiomics Of Yaks Reveals Significant Contribution Of Microbiome Into Host Metabolism, Shuli Yang, Jeiyi Zheng, Huaming Mao, Paramintra Vinitchaikul, Dongwang Wu, Jianmin Chai

Animal Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

An intensive feeding system might improve the production cycle of yaks. However, how intensive feeding system contributes to yak growth is unclear. Here, multi-omics, including rumen metagenomics, rumen and plasma metabolomics, were performed to classify the regulatory mechanisms of intensive feeding system on yaks. Increased growth performance were observed. Rumen metagenomics revealed that Clostridium, Methanobrevibacter, Piromyces and Anaeromyces increased in the intensively fed yaks, contributing to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. The grazing yaks had more cellulolytic microbes. These microbiomes were correlated with the pathways of "Alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism" and "Pyruvate metabolism". Intensive feeding increased methane degradation functions, …

A Comparison Of Inversion Test Holding Methods For Broilers, A. Perretti, S. Weimer

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective, robust, and repeatable assessments of fear responses of poultry can lead to improvements in research techniques, the validity of test results, and ultimately bird welfare. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of 2 different holding methods on broiler fear responses during the inversion test, a standardized method of assessing fear in poultry. On D15 and D34 mixed-sex broilers (N = 80) were inverted and held either by their shanks (N = 40) or feet (N = 40) at arm's length away from the experimenter for 30 s. The frequency of wing flapping, head movement, attempts …

Reportable Animal Diseases – Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

In Western Australia, the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 requires that certain diseases must be reported if they are known or suspected to be present.

This table shows which diseases must be reported.

Pest Bird Control: Bait / Toxin Products, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

This factsheet provides information on the bait, poison and toxin (bait) products available for use in Western Australia (WA) to control pest birds.

Rabbit Control: Warren And Harbourage Destruction, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

If correctly and appropriately undertaken, the destruction of rabbit warrens, or modification of the habitat so it becomes less favourable to rabbits, can be an important and effective part of reducing the impacts of rabbits.

Destruction of warrens can improve the overall effectiveness of rabbit control programs, even though many rabbits live and shelter above-ground under bushes, and in scrub). If undertaken properly, the ripping of rabbit warrens can often provide a relatively permanent and long-term benefit. Similarly, removing or modifying other forms of rabbit-harbourage (for example, removing rock piles) can help, particularly in semi-urban areas or on smallholdings.

Rabbit Control In Urban And Semi-Urban Areas, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

This factsheet provides information on control options for rabbits in urban and semi-urban areas in Western Australia (WA).

Rabbits cause considerable losses to agricultural and horticultural industries. They can cause serious environmental problems, such as soil erosion and degradation of native vegetation. Rabbits also compete with native fauna for food and habitat.

Rabbits may be a problem or a nuisance in urban environments where they can damage lawns and gardens, buildings, garages, and sheds. Rabbits can also damage golf courses, sports grounds, and parkland reserves.

The options for control of rabbits in urban areas are more limited than in rural …

Rabbit Fencing To Protect Crops And Pastures, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

This factsheet outlines the use of fencing to protect crops and pasture from rabbits.

Rabbits cause an estimated loss of $217 million each year to Australian agricultural production and cause significant environmental damage. In Western Australia (WA), areas of native vegetation, particularly on sandy ridges that would otherwise be subject to wind erosion, have been retained on farms. Bush remnants are a major refuge habitat for rabbits, which can cause considerable damage to nearby pastures and crops. A measure of rabbit control can be achieved by poisoning around bush remnants in late summer or autumn, prior to seeding. To be …

Confined Paddock Feeding And Feedlotting Of Sheep, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

Confinement feeding (also referred to as lot feeding or feedlotting) is an intensive feeding system in a confined area where all, or the majority of, feed and water is supplied to the contained animals. The department recommends using confinement feeding as part of a whole farm livestock, pasture and erosion management program.

We recommend having a confinement feeding system as an integral part of a whole farm livestock, pasture and erosion management program. Guides and resources that provide more detailed information are listed at the bottom of this fact sheet.

Barber’S Pole Worm In Sheep, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

Barber's pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) is a potentially harmful roundworm parasite of sheep which can cause a disease called haemonchosis. It is mainly found in coastal and high rainfall areas of Western Australia.

In some cases large worm burdens can develop very rapidly and cause sheep deaths without warning. Whether specific pre-emptive action for barber's pole worm is needed depends on the risk level.

Sheep Feed Value Guide, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

Sheep are supplementary fed for either survival or production purposes. Efficient supplementary feeding should aim to supply sheep with a diet that is sufficient in digestible energy and protein. We recommend testing feedstuffs, although the feed tables supplied here can be used to help roughly estimate the amount of grain and fodder required.

Knowing the value of different feedstuffs is critical when making decisions about livestock nutrition, for survival, maintenance and growth.

Supplementary feeding is a key part of a Western Australian (WA) sheep enterprise because most sheep systems are on annual pasture which is dry over the Mediterranean summer. …

Evaluation Of Dual Purpose Canola And Cereals Grazed With Cattle, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development conducted research to investigate and demonstrate the importance of dual-purpose crops (canola, wheat and barley) to improve the feed availability for cattle (in late autumn to early winter) in mixed farming systems of the high rainfall environment of Western Australia (WA).

The grain yield of a wide range of canola and cereal varieties sown in mid-April were unaffected by the grazing of cattle at a stocking rate of 20 to 22 dry sheep equivalent (DSE) per hectare (ha) for up to 4 weeks at Esperance in 2011.

The grazed crops yielded the …

A Randomized Controlled Trial Of Tickoff® (Metarhizium Anisopliae Icipe 7) For Control Of Tick Infestations And Transmission Of Tick-Borne Infections In Extensively Grazed Zebu Cattle In Coastal Kenya, Joseph Wang Ang’A Oundo, Shewit Kalayou, Gerrit Gort, Gebbiena M. Bron, Constantianus J.M. Koenraadt, Quirine Ten Bosch, Daniel Masiga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae isolate ICIPE 7 is being developed as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical acaricides in managing natural tick infestation on livestock. Its impact on tick infestation and tick-borne infections in cattle under natural conditions are yet unclear. We conducted a randomized controlled field trial to assess the safety and effects of Tickoff® (a formulation of M. anisopliae isolate ICIPE 7) and the chemical acaricide Triatix® on tick infestation and incidence of Anaplasma marginale and Theileria parva in extensively grazed zebu cattle in coastal Kenya. A total of 217 eligible herds comprising 1459 intent-to-treat zebu cattle were …

State Of The Fisheries: Status Reports Of The Fisheries And Aquatic Resources Of Western Australia 2023/24, Stephen J. Newman, Jenny Moore, Daniel J. Gaughan

Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

This edition of the “State of the fisheries” continues the tradition of annually reporting on the status of exploited fish and their habitats in Western Australia. Critically, the reports provide overviews of the science outcomes that underpin management of fishing across the state.

Scientifically assessing the status of fish resources and potential impacts on ecosystems is inherently challenging; I acknowledge and thank the dedicated fisheries science teams and various support staff for again producing outstanding, robust scientific results that are summarised herein. I similarly acknowledge (i) the fisheries management team who use the science outcomes in policy development and to …

The Impact Of Cervid Herbivory On Industrial Fiber Hemp In East Central Illinois, Nicholas C. Cheney, Isaac Slaven, Barbara S. Carlsward

Journal of Agricultural Hemp Research

The last several years have seen large increases in white-tailed deer populations across the United States. Many studies have analyzed the effects that white-tailed deer have on different ecosystems. However, little to no studies have analyzed the effects of white-tailed deer on the production of industrial hemp fiber. In this study, we examined two different varieties of hemp fiber crops, and the impact white-tailed deer may have on their production. Our study was conducted in a flat test plot with surrounding woods and known white-tailed deer traffic in central Illinois, using two (6 × 6 m) plots that were adjacent …

New Hampshire Residents' Perceptions Of Aquaculture Show Opportunities For Education, Anna Maccaroni, Emily Whitmore, Lindsey Williams

Carsey Publications

In this brief, authors Anna Maccaroni, Emily Whitmore, and Lindsey Williams discuss the results of a June 2024 statewide survey of New Hampshire residents to understand their perceptions of aquaculture. Conducted by the University of New Hampshire’s Survey Center on behalf of New Hampshire Sea Grant, participants were asked about their opinion of aquaculture in New Hampshire, how much they have read or heard about aquaculture, whether they are aware of aquaculture activity in New Hampshire, and how frequently they consume seafood products. The authors report that the majority of New Hampshire residents are unfamiliar with aquaculture and are not …

Adding Gastrointestinal Parasite Resistance To The Breeding Objective In Hair Sheep: Initial Step, Robert M. Forbes, Thomas W. Murphy, Joan M. Burke, David R. Notter, Matthew L. Spangler, Michael D. Macneil, Ronald M. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The U.S. Maternal Hair Index was designed by the National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP) to increase total weight of lamb weaned per ewe lambing (TW). Producers are interested in adding gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) resistance to this breeding objective since parasitism causes substantial economic losses. The NSIP provides producers with estimated breeding values (EBV) for postweaning fecal egg count (PFEC), an indicator of GIN resistance. Our objective was to gauge the effects of including PFEC as another selection criterion and goal trait. Selection index theory was used to construct 11 indexes. …