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The Influence Of Singlet Oxygen And Loss Of Function Of Fatty Acid Desaturase 7 In The Chloroplast On Aphid Resistance In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Hillary Donna Fischer May 2021

The Influence Of Singlet Oxygen And Loss Of Function Of Fatty Acid Desaturase 7 In The Chloroplast On Aphid Resistance In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Hillary Donna Fischer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Fatty Acid Desaturase 7 (FAD7) is a chloroplast-localized enzyme that alters the fatty acid content of photosynthetic membranes, and that negatively regulates plant defenses against aphids. Previous studies in the model organism Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have shown that loss-of-function mutations in FAD7 decrease population growth of the green peach aphid (GPA; Myzus persicae Sulzer). This study further characterized the effects of a fad7 null mutant on aphids, and investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen (1O2), in plant responses to aphid resistance in fad7 as well as in wild type plants and a mutant with heightened …


Baseline Sensitivity To Dmi Fungicides In Cercospora Spp. And Corynespora Spp. In Arkansas Soybeans, Evan Buckner May 2021

Baseline Sensitivity To Dmi Fungicides In Cercospora Spp. And Corynespora Spp. In Arkansas Soybeans, Evan Buckner

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Cercospora spp. and Corynespora spp. are two common foliar fungal pathogens in Arkansas amongst other soybean producing areas. Two primary diseases caused by Cercospora spp. are Cercospora Leaf Blight (CLB, caused mainly by C. kikuchii) and Frogeye Leaf Spot (C. sojina). Both diseases affect foliage, and when lesions collapse, leaves may fall prematurely resulting in yield loss. In the specific case of CLB, this is a disease on the rise since 2000, and also causes seed infection reducing seed quality. Target spot is a disease caused by Corynespora cassiicola, and is of less damaging for farmers in larger …


Resistance Screening And Association Mapping For Resistance To The Downy Mildew Pathogen Of Spinach, Dotun Olaoye May 2021

Resistance Screening And Association Mapping For Resistance To The Downy Mildew Pathogen Of Spinach, Dotun Olaoye

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Spinach is an important cool leafy vegetable cultivated around the world, with large scale production in California and Arizona in the U.S. Spinach is a highly nutritious vegetable beneficial in the human diet. Spinach is affected by a number of biotic stressors. Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronospora effusa, is a major threat to spinach as it affects the leaf quality and impacts the economic value of spinach. Several efforts have led to the development of resistant genotypes/cultivars to this pathogen. However, few studies have examined the genetics of resistance to the downy mildew pathogen in detail. This …


Does Integrating Crops With Livestock Production Impact Soil Properties And Crop Production?, Lindsey Anderson May 2021

Does Integrating Crops With Livestock Production Impact Soil Properties And Crop Production?, Lindsey Anderson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Re-integrating crop and livestock production through cover crop (CC) and corn residue grazing could efficiently utilize resources and ensure profitability while improving environmental quality, but how this integration affects soils and crops is not well understood. We conducted two studies to address this. In the first study, we evaluated the impact of cattle (1.3-3.7 head ha-1) grazing an oat (Avena sativa L.) CC on soil and crop yields in two adjacent irrigated no-till corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) fields on silt loam soils in eastern Nebraska. Field I was grazed twice, while Field …


Production, Evaluation, And Selection Of Elite Quality Protein Popcorn (Qpp) Hybrids, Leandra Marshall Parsons May 2021

Production, Evaluation, And Selection Of Elite Quality Protein Popcorn (Qpp) Hybrids, Leandra Marshall Parsons

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In 2017, twelve Quality Protein Popcorn (QPP) inbred lines were developed and selected as premier dent by popcorn crosses fit for hybridization and testing. These QPP inbred lines were derived from specific Quality Protein dent Maize (QPM) by ConAgra Brands® popcorn line crosses to produce high lysine, vitreous popcorn lines capable of near-equal popping characteristics compared to the original popcorn parents. The QPP hybridization project commenced in the summer of 2018 utilizing these 12 inbred QPP lines and crossing them in a full diallel. Since then, the production of QPP hybrids has employed a diverse set of selection factors evaluating …


The Effect Of Anionic Surfactants On Herbicide Mixtures And Solutions, Ely Daniel Anderson May 2021

The Effect Of Anionic Surfactants On Herbicide Mixtures And Solutions, Ely Daniel Anderson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Herbicide mixtures are popular for farmers to delay the evolution of herbicide-resistant biotypes from occurring and control existing herbicide-resistant weeds. Glufosinate is a contact herbicide that has been observed as a mixture partner with many herbicides. In many cases, antagonistic interactions have occurred when using glufosinate in mixture with other herbicides. The antagonistic interactions have resulted in applications with incomplete weed control. Adjuvants have been known to impact an herbicide application by increasing herbicide penetration, spreadability, and efficacy. Adjuvants added to glufosinate mixtures can impact spray applications and increase weed control. The objectives of this research were: (1) investigate the …


Estimating Irrigation In Rice Fields With A Water Balance Approach, Kristen Trinh May 2021

Estimating Irrigation In Rice Fields With A Water Balance Approach, Kristen Trinh

Biological and Agricultural Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Global food production must increase to meet the demand associated with increased population growth, so irrigation water use will continue to rise. Therefore, it is important to monitor water usage particularly when an irrigation flowmeter is unavailable. A field water balance was created for a selection of rice fields in East-central Arkansas under observation in 2018 and 2019. From those, irrigation inputs are deduced from the water balance alone. First, each field had sensors that collected water table level (WTL) data. Next, other water inputs and outputs such as precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET) were collected from two modeled sources. The …


Suppression Of Erecta Signaling Impacts Agronomic Performance Of Soybean (Glycine Max (L) Merril) In The Greenhouse, Yasmin Vasques Berchembrock, Flavia Barbosa Silva Botelho, Vibha Srivastava May 2021

Suppression Of Erecta Signaling Impacts Agronomic Performance Of Soybean (Glycine Max (L) Merril) In The Greenhouse, Yasmin Vasques Berchembrock, Flavia Barbosa Silva Botelho, Vibha Srivastava

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The ERECTA (ER) family of genes, encoding leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (RLK), influences complex morphological and physiological aspects of plants. Modulation of ER signaling leads to abiotic stress tolerance in diverse plant species. However, whether the gain in stress tolerance is accompanied with desirable agronomic performance is not clearly known. In this study, soybean plants potentially suppressed in ER signaling were evaluated for the phenotypic performance and drought response in the greenhouse. These plants expressed a dominant-negative Arabidopsis thaliana ER (AtER) called ΔKinase to suppress ER signaling, which has previously been linked with the tolerance to water …


Mechanisms Of Overyielding And Coexistence In Diverse Tallgrass Prairie Communities, Leslie E. Forero May 2021

Mechanisms Of Overyielding And Coexistence In Diverse Tallgrass Prairie Communities, Leslie E. Forero

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Plants compete for the same basic nutrient and water resources. According to the competitive exclusion principle, when a substantial overlap in resource pools exists, the best competitor for resources should drive all other species to extinction. The ability for plants to coexist in violation of the competitive exclusion principle is the “biodiversity paradox”. Coexistence is actually beneficial for plants: as species diversity increases, you typically see increases in plant biomass production (known as the biodiversity-productivity relationship). The mechanisms behind coexistence and the biodiversity-productivity relationship remain an ecological mystery. One hypothesis is that plants obtain water and nutrients from different places …


Screening And Breeding Soybean For Flood Tolerance, Maria Roberta De Oliveira May 2021

Screening And Breeding Soybean For Flood Tolerance, Maria Roberta De Oliveira

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Waterlogging can be detrimental to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and development, with effects ranging from chlorosis and stunting to yield loss and plant death. Soybean responses to, and the effects of, waterlogging are dependent on the growth stage of the plant at the initiation of waterlogging. The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the effectiveness of Genomic Selection (GS), Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) and Phenotypic Selection for flood tolerance at the progeny row stage as compared to random selection, for the development of high-yielding flood-tolerant lines; and (2) to compare field-screening and hydroponic greenhouse screening methodologies …


Quality Determinates Of Rice Price In Open Bag Markets In Sub-Saharan Africa, Bailey Peterson-Wilhelm May 2021

Quality Determinates Of Rice Price In Open Bag Markets In Sub-Saharan Africa, Bailey Peterson-Wilhelm

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Weaknesses in the grades and standards system in low-income countries across Sub-Saharan Africa undermine the transparency of agricultural markets. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ghana and Mozambique rice is predominately sold in open bags and if rice price does not reflect its quality, then inefficiencies may lead to consumer welfare losses. Importantly, it is possible that impoverished communities are priced out of the market due to inflated and inefficient prices. The objective of this study is to examine determinates of rice price by estimating the impact of selected rice quality attributes on rice prices in DRC, Ghana …


Crop Response To Low-Dose Dicamba, Mason Castner May 2021

Crop Response To Low-Dose Dicamba, Mason Castner

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The introduction of dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) followed by a label allowing over-the-top applications of dicamba in the 2017 provided growers an additional option for broadleaf weed control. Because non-DR soybean is sensitive to low concentrations of dicamba, postemergence dicamba applications present growers choosing to plant non-DR soybean with concerns of damage from off-target movement through physical drift and volatilization of the herbicide as well as tank-contamination from prior dicamba application. Consequences of low-dose dicamba exposure on sensitive vegetative and reproductive soybean have been well researched, but little is known regarding the …


Short-Term Effects Of Winter Cover Crops On Soil Properties, Yield, And Partial Returns In A No-Tillage Soybean Rotation, Drew Dillon Kirkpatrick May 2021

Short-Term Effects Of Winter Cover Crops On Soil Properties, Yield, And Partial Returns In A No-Tillage Soybean Rotation, Drew Dillon Kirkpatrick

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Cover crops have the potential to provide many benefits including weed suppression, erosion control, and improvements to soil quality. These benefits can be affected by species, biomass accumulation, and management practices. Although large amounts of biomass are good for maximizing benefits, it can result in problems for establishing the subsequent crop. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accounts for over 50% of Arkansas crop hectares annually; therefore, understanding the effect that a cover crop can have on the following soybean crop is crucial to the successful implementation of cover crops within the state. A study was established to evaluate winter cover …


Transcriptional Activation Of Phytochrome-Interacting Factor 4 Is A Conserved Mechanism Of Thermomorphogenesis In Dicotyledenous Plants, Caroline Clutton Apr 2021

Transcriptional Activation Of Phytochrome-Interacting Factor 4 Is A Conserved Mechanism Of Thermomorphogenesis In Dicotyledenous Plants, Caroline Clutton

Honors Theses

In the model dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Phytochrome-Interacting Factor 4 (AtPIF4) plays a central role in regulating the ambient temperature-regulated hypocotyl growth response. Warm temperatures induce AtPIF4 transcription and the accumulated AtPIF4 promotes thermomorphogenesis by enhancing the expression of a group of growth-related genes. However, whether this thermo-induced growth response is universal, and more importantly, whether there is a conserved thermomorphogenetic mechanism shared in dicots is largely unknown. Here we show that higher ambient temperatures promote the hypocotyl growth in four other dicotyledonous plants, including Brassica rapa, Camelina sativa, Nicotiana benthamiana …


The Flowering Dynamics And Seedset Of Cichorium Intybus L. Cv. Puna, Yongfeng Han, Chengbin Tang, Mouqiong Apr 2021

The Flowering Dynamics And Seedset Of Cichorium Intybus L. Cv. Puna, Yongfeng Han, Chengbin Tang, Mouqiong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


The Effects Of Time Of Application Of Nitrogen On Seed Yield, Efficiency Of N Fertilizer Use And Apparent N Fertilizer Recovery Of Russian Wildrye [Psathyrostachys Juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], Jianguo Han, Yunwen Wang, Shengquan Jiang, Bo Liu Apr 2021

The Effects Of Time Of Application Of Nitrogen On Seed Yield, Efficiency Of N Fertilizer Use And Apparent N Fertilizer Recovery Of Russian Wildrye [Psathyrostachys Juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], Jianguo Han, Yunwen Wang, Shengquan Jiang, Bo Liu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Seed Yield Formation Of Festulolium And Lolium X Boucheanum Under Climatic Condition Of Latvia, Iveta Gutmane, Aleksandr Adamovich Apr 2021

Seed Yield Formation Of Festulolium And Lolium X Boucheanum Under Climatic Condition Of Latvia, Iveta Gutmane, Aleksandr Adamovich

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Callus Induction And Plant Regeneration Of Poa Pratensis 'Nasu' Seeds Carried By China Recoverable Satellite Shijian‐8, Yinghua Guo, Lei Han, Guansheng Ju, Zhenyuan Sun Apr 2021

Callus Induction And Plant Regeneration Of Poa Pratensis 'Nasu' Seeds Carried By China Recoverable Satellite Shijian‐8, Yinghua Guo, Lei Han, Guansheng Ju, Zhenyuan Sun

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Tannin Contents Of Sainfoin (Onobrycyhis Viciifolia Scop) Grown With Or Without Irrigation And Harvested At Different Growth Stages, Y. Wang, T. A. Mcallister, S. N. Acharya, K. H. Ominski, D. O. Krause Apr 2021

Tannin Contents Of Sainfoin (Onobrycyhis Viciifolia Scop) Grown With Or Without Irrigation And Harvested At Different Growth Stages, Y. Wang, T. A. Mcallister, S. N. Acharya, K. H. Ominski, D. O. Krause

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Implications Of Excess Nitrogen For Intake, Diet Choice And Production Of Sheep Fed Temperate Pastures, Garry C. Waghorn, G. P. Cosgrove Apr 2021

Implications Of Excess Nitrogen For Intake, Diet Choice And Production Of Sheep Fed Temperate Pastures, Garry C. Waghorn, G. P. Cosgrove

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Sample Preparation Affects Non Structural Carbohydrates In Alfalfa, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, Annick Bertrand, Yves Castonguay, Gilles Bélanger, Sophie Pelletier, Réal Michaud Apr 2021

Sample Preparation Affects Non Structural Carbohydrates In Alfalfa, Gaëtan F. Tremblay, Annick Bertrand, Yves Castonguay, Gilles Bélanger, Sophie Pelletier, Réal Michaud

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Nitrogen Intake And Utilisation Pattern In The Digestive Tract Of Sheep Grazing Four Subtropical Foggages, Willem A. Van Niekerk, Abubeker Hassen Apr 2021

Nitrogen Intake And Utilisation Pattern In The Digestive Tract Of Sheep Grazing Four Subtropical Foggages, Willem A. Van Niekerk, Abubeker Hassen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Effect Of Genotype And Cutting System On Agronomic And Feed Quality Characteristics Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) Grown In Three Sites In Northern Germany, H. Salama, M. Lösche, Antje Herrmann, M. Gierus, Friedhelm Taube Apr 2021

Effect Of Genotype And Cutting System On Agronomic And Feed Quality Characteristics Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) Grown In Three Sites In Northern Germany, H. Salama, M. Lösche, Antje Herrmann, M. Gierus, Friedhelm Taube

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Fermentative Profile Of Soybean Silages Treated With Molasses And Microbial Inoculant, Odilon G. Pereira, L. O. Rosa, E. M. Santos Apr 2021

Fermentative Profile Of Soybean Silages Treated With Molasses And Microbial Inoculant, Odilon G. Pereira, L. O. Rosa, E. M. Santos

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


An Apparatus For Measuring Pasture Forage Mass, J. L. Moyer, D. W. Sweeney, K. W. Kelley, M. D. Schrock, R. R. Price Apr 2021

An Apparatus For Measuring Pasture Forage Mass, J. L. Moyer, D. W. Sweeney, K. W. Kelley, M. D. Schrock, R. R. Price

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Milk C18 :1 And Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers From Cows Grazed On Perennial Ryegrass, Tall Fescue Or Timothy Grass Swards, Michael R. F. Lee, E. J. Kim, N. Ellis, J. K. S. Tweed, Nigel D. Scollan Apr 2021

Milk C18 :1 And Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers From Cows Grazed On Perennial Ryegrass, Tall Fescue Or Timothy Grass Swards, Michael R. F. Lee, E. J. Kim, N. Ellis, J. K. S. Tweed, Nigel D. Scollan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


The Mulberry As A Source Of Forage For Ruminants: Effects Of Stand Density And Cutting Frequency On Dry Matter Yield And Nutritive Value, H. Manterola, D. Cerda Apr 2021

The Mulberry As A Source Of Forage For Ruminants: Effects Of Stand Density And Cutting Frequency On Dry Matter Yield And Nutritive Value, H. Manterola, D. Cerda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Milk C18 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids From Cows Grazed On Perennial Ryegrass, Tall Fescue Or Timothy Grass Swards, Michael R. F. Lee, E. J. Kim, N. Ellis, J. K. S. Tweed, Nigel D. Scollan Apr 2021

Milk C18 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids From Cows Grazed On Perennial Ryegrass, Tall Fescue Or Timothy Grass Swards, Michael R. F. Lee, E. J. Kim, N. Ellis, J. K. S. Tweed, Nigel D. Scollan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


The Effect Of Polyphenol Oxidase On Lipolysis And Proteolysis Of Red Clover Silage With And Without A Silage Inoculant, Michael R. F. Lee, M. B. Scott, D. R. Davies, F. R. Minchin Apr 2021

The Effect Of Polyphenol Oxidase On Lipolysis And Proteolysis Of Red Clover Silage With And Without A Silage Inoculant, Michael R. F. Lee, M. B. Scott, D. R. Davies, F. R. Minchin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.


Influence Of Cutting Date On The Protein Quality Of Forage Legumes In The Autumn Regrowth, M. Gierus, J. Kleen, Friedhelm Taube Apr 2021

Influence Of Cutting Date On The Protein Quality Of Forage Legumes In The Autumn Regrowth, M. Gierus, J. Kleen, Friedhelm Taube

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.