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Thermoregulatory Behaviour And The Skin Temperature Of Grazing Cattle, M Sakurai, H Dohi Oct 2025

Thermoregulatory Behaviour And The Skin Temperature Of Grazing Cattle, M Sakurai, H Dohi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to clarify the thermoregulatory behaviour in hot and frosty environment, the skin temperature of the Japanese Black Cattle in the pasture was measured by a handy radiation thermometer. The regression equation of the temperature (X) and the skin temperature (Y) of grazing cattle was Y=0.814X+ 11.57 (regression coefficient; r=0.972), and that of the direct solar radiation (X) and the skin temperature (Y) was Y=18.05X+30.62 (r=0.824). When the skin temperature rose beyond about 40°C on sunny and hot days in summer, the cattle began to shelter in shade, where the skin temperature went down to about 35°C. When the …


Immune Response Of Grazing Cattle To Rumen Microflora, K Ogimoto, S Sato, T Inamoto Oct 2025

Immune Response Of Grazing Cattle To Rumen Microflora, K Ogimoto, S Sato, T Inamoto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Changes in immune response to several rumen bacterial species were investigated in grazing cattle. The results revealed immune response variation in cattle from the first and second grazing seasons. Agglutination titers in sera to Streptococcus bovis and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens increased after 30 days of grazing. Those of S. bovis remained at a higt level until grazing was competed, while titers of B. fibrisolvens were maximum after 45 days and gradually decreased. Changes in agglutinating titers to both bacterial species varied greatly in cattle of the first grazing season. Titers of Ruminococcus albus were similar to the above two species, …


Vegetational Changes In The Sasa Nipponica Grassland Used By Winter Grazing For Successive Years, Y Ogawa, T Mitamura, K Okamoto Oct 2025

Vegetational Changes In The Sasa Nipponica Grassland Used By Winter Grazing For Successive Years, Y Ogawa, T Mitamura, K Okamoto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The influence of winter grazing by beef cattle on yearly yield and flora changes in Sasa (Sasa nipponica) grassland was examined from 1974 to 1982. This Sasa sward was established semi-naturally on cutover land following deciduous broadleaved forest at an altitude of 1,100 m on Mt. Asama in Japan. Sasa kept its foliage green and nutritive all year round, so that in this experimental grassland a large quantity of its foliage supplied sufficient nutrients for the maintenance of beef cows during winter grazing periods. Foliage weight was 2.6 tons DW/ha before winter grazing use and this value was maintained for …


Intensive Use Of Young Japanese Cedar Forest For Grazing, K Sugawara, T Isawa, M Goto, I Ito Oct 2025

Intensive Use Of Young Japanese Cedar Forest For Grazing, K Sugawara, T Isawa, M Goto, I Ito

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments were conducted to investigate the intensive forest grazing in young Japanese cedar forest by introducing improved pasture species to forest floor. Study area (1-year old Japanese cedar forest) was divided into three treatment plots; unseeded and unfertilized ( unseeded plot), seeded with nitrogen (N)- phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) fertilizer ( seeded-NPK plot) and seeded with twice amount of fertilizer ( seeded-2NPK plot). Herbage production, grazing capacity, injury to the tree by grazing cattle and growth of the tree were compared among the treatments. The mean of annual fresh matter yield was 11.6 t/ha at unseeded plot, 12.7 t/ha at seeded-NPK …


Reforestation And Cattle Grazing In Southern United States, Henry A. Pearson Oct 2025

Reforestation And Cattle Grazing In Southern United States, Henry A. Pearson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This research was undertaken to learn if cutover southern pine ranges can be sucessfully regenerated artificially with slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) while being grazed yearlong by beef cattle, Objectives were to determine the effects of various grazing intensities on the establishment and growth of slash pine and on herbage and cattle production, and the subsequent influence of pines on herbage and cattle production. Three range units comprising about 650 ha of cutover pine land were stocked to produce light, moderate, and heavy grazing intensities. Each year during a 4-year regeneration cycle, 17 percent of each range unit was …


Improvement Of Forest Grazing On Sado Island, H Hirota, T Suzuki Oct 2025

Improvement Of Forest Grazing On Sado Island, H Hirota, T Suzuki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The develpoment of forest grazing in Sada Island is briefly outlined and the cause of the abrupt decline of Zoysia dominant vegetation during the last few decades is discussed. Some experimental results to improve the herbage production for forest grazing on the island are described. For example the invading bush trees should be controlled by either felling them down or applying herbicides, followed by vegetative propagation of Zoysia species and fertilizer application. Gentle slopeland can be renovated by oversowing cool temperate grass species; 15 Kg Dactylis glomerata, 10 Kg Lolium perenne, 5 Kg Paa pratensis and 5 Kg …


Grazing As A Part Of Agroforestry, Harold F. Heady Oct 2025

Grazing As A Part Of Agroforestry, Harold F. Heady

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Multiple use of land by the small landholder for food crops, trees and animals, often called agroforestry, holds great promise for aiding people near poverty in developing countries, but new forages and techniques of management must be developed.


Forest Grazing In Taiwan, M D. Huang, K J. Chen, Y J. Wu, J C. Yang Oct 2025

Forest Grazing In Taiwan, M D. Huang, K J. Chen, Y J. Wu, J C. Yang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Due to the shortage of man-power in rural regions, forest grazing was tested as an alternative to eliminate the noxious plants dispersed on the timber plantations in Taiwan. Tree growth was not affected, when Hereford heifers were introduced to 4-year-old Taiwania cryptomerioides plantations(at 1,600 m altitude). Although indigenous water buffaloes were less tolerant to heat than the European cattle( Hereford and Holstein), they were able to show moderate body weight gain in the tough forest environment. Partial blood profiles obtained from buffaloes and cattle gave the same conclusion.


Effects Of Spring Mangement On Herbage Mass And Sward Characteristics In Ryegrass White Clover Pasture, B M. Butler, A.C P. Chu, P.N P. Mathews, C J. Korte Oct 2025

Effects Of Spring Mangement On Herbage Mass And Sward Characteristics In Ryegrass White Clover Pasture, B M. Butler, A.C P. Chu, P.N P. Mathews, C J. Korte

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of grazing intensity and frequency were investigated on a ryegrass/white clover pasture. Large differences in herbage mass between treatments arose mostly from ryegrass reproductive stubble during spring and mid-summer and from dead reproductive stubble during mid-summer and early autumn. Leafy, vegetative pastures were achieved during the reproductive growth period by maintaining a sward residual of less than 500 kg leaf DM/ha (sward height 9 cm) and a grazing interval of less than 14 days (pre-grazing height 20 cm). The evidence suggests that reducing the mass or size of individual reproductive tillers can be equally effective as that of …


Biotechnology In The Improvement Of Forage Crops, Indra K. Vasil Oct 2025

Biotechnology In The Improvement Of Forage Crops, Indra K. Vasil

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Major advances in the cellular and molecular biology of plants recently have created new opportunities for the application of the many novel methods of biotechnology to the genetic modification and improvement of crop plants. The techniques of plant cell culture, particularly those allowing the regeneration of plants from single cells, play an important and integral role in the various strategies currently being pursued for plant improvement by unconventional means. In the past, initiation and maintenance of, as well as plant regeneration from, tissue cultures of species of the Gramineae (Poaceae) proved to be difficult. Nevertheless, cultures capable of plant regeneration …


Present State Of Grassland Production And Utilization And Future Perspectives For Grassland Farming In Humid Tropical Asia, I M. Nitis Oct 2025

Present State Of Grassland Production And Utilization And Future Perspectives For Grassland Farming In Humid Tropical Asia, I M. Nitis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage in humid tropical Asia consists of natural pasture, crop residues, shrub and tree leaves. Reserch has shown that the yield and quality of such forage can be increased and performance of the livestock utilizing such forage can be improved. Grassland farming contributes to the feed supply for livestock, to conservation, and is one component of an integration, which may increase economic returns and maintain the ecological balance of the region. Future research emphases on companion cropping, three strata forage, development of tidal flooding areas, agroforestry, carbon/nitrogen cyling, pasture persistency, seed production, post harvest, forage utilization and farming modelling are …


Grassland Resources And Future Development Of Grassland Farming In Temperate China, Zhu Tingcheng, Li Jiandong, Zu Yuangang Oct 2025

Grassland Resources And Future Development Of Grassland Farming In Temperate China, Zhu Tingcheng, Li Jiandong, Zu Yuangang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the first part of the paper the grassland resources in the semiarid area of China are descrived. Grasslands cover 2.86 million km2 of the total territory and 100 million livestock are being raised there. Steppes and meadows are classified into several types according to the ecological types of the dominant species and environments, etc. Area, geographical distribution, community structure, species composition, dynamics, nutritive value of herbages, primary production and utilization of each grassland type are outlined. In the second part, the necessity to promote grassland farming and the possibility of its development are discussed based upon the land, population, …


An Interdisciplinary Approach For Increasing Yield And Improving Quality Of Forages, J R. Wilson Oct 2025

An Interdisciplinary Approach For Increasing Yield And Improving Quality Of Forages, J R. Wilson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The contribution of some basic plant disciplines, principally physiology and histology, to the improvement of pasture yield and quality is discussed. Studies of temperate pasture grasses have identified several sources of loss of potential yield and have provided selection criteria for increasing yield. Integration of this physiological research with studies of forage consumption on the same pastures is proving a valuable inter- disciplinary approach to defining management options for maximising pasture and/or animal productivity. In tropical grasses, research towards increasing total dry matter yield is perhaps unwarranted but there is need for more co-operative studies involving plant and animal scientists …


Contribution Of Grassland Science To The Development Of Forage Production And Future Perspectives For Grassland Farming In Japan, H Oizumi Oct 2025

Contribution Of Grassland Science To The Development Of Forage Production And Future Perspectives For Grassland Farming In Japan, H Oizumi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The utilization of grassland in Japan dates to fairy old times, but its real improvement in terms of industry did not start until the termination of the World War II. As the climatic conditions in Japan differ very much from those of European coutries, the style of grassland farming in Japan is somewhat different from that of Europe. The improvement of grassland farming in Japan after the World War II was divided into four stages, according to the tendency of the number of cattle and the acreage of forage crops. The Japanese Society of Grassland Science was established in 1954. …


Prospects For Increasing Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation In Temperate Grasslands, P/ Roger Ball, J R. Crush Oct 2025

Prospects For Increasing Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation In Temperate Grasslands, P/ Roger Ball, J R. Crush

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The contribution of some basic plant disciplines, principally physiology and histology, to the improvement of pasture yield and quality is discussed. Studies of temperate pasture grasses have identified several sources of loss of potential yield and have provided selection criteria for increasing yield. Integration of this physiological research with studies of forage consumption on the same pastures is proving a valuable inter- disciplinary approach to defining management options for maximising pasture and/or animal productivity. In tropical grasses, research towards increasing total dry matter yield is perhaps unwarranted but there is need for more co-operative studies involving plant and animal scientists …


The Effects Of Plastic Mulch And Irrigation On Hemp Chemistry And Leaf Endophytes, Allison Rietman, Connor Morozumi, Robert C. Pearce, Natalie Christian Oct 2025

The Effects Of Plastic Mulch And Irrigation On Hemp Chemistry And Leaf Endophytes, Allison Rietman, Connor Morozumi, Robert C. Pearce, Natalie Christian

Journal of Agricultural Hemp Research

As an emerging crop, cultivation techniques for industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) are still being developed and optimized. For example, irrigation and plastic mulching are some management practices that have been touted for their benefits in improving crop quality. Both techniques ensure ample water availability, which has often been attributed to improving hemp cannabinoid and terpene composition. In this study, we examined how supplemental irrigation implemented in a plastic mulch system influenced the cannabinoid and terpene profiles of one cultivar of CBD hemp, Lifter. We grew industrial hemp in field with plastic mulch and applied regular irrigation to one group …


Western Australian And South Australian Grain Enterprise Emission Intensities And Gross Margins: A Review, Christophe D'Abbadie, Ross Kingwell Sep 2025

Western Australian And South Australian Grain Enterprise Emission Intensities And Gross Margins: A Review, Christophe D'Abbadie, Ross Kingwell

Farm Systems and Economics research articles

Drawing on various datasets, crop enterprise emission intensities and gross margins are reported for the main broadacre crops grown in Western Australia and South Australia. Values are reported for various rainfall regions and across time, and for different farm performance groupings. As a generalisation, in each region, wheat and canola production display marked increases in emissions intensity across the study period whilst legume crops’ emission intensities increase far less. Wheat crops display upward emission intensity trajectories across time whilst displaying different rates of increase in emissions intensity according to regional rainfall. Canola demonstrates higher emissions intensities per tonne compared to …


Unraveling Crop Nitrogen-Water Dynamics With Hyperspectral-Thermal Sensing In Northern Central Valley, California, Shahryar Fazli, Surendra Maharjan, Wenzhao Li, Joshua B. Fisher, Rejoice Thomas, Fernando Romero Galvan, Gabriela Shirkey, Hesham El-Askary Sep 2025

Unraveling Crop Nitrogen-Water Dynamics With Hyperspectral-Thermal Sensing In Northern Central Valley, California, Shahryar Fazli, Surendra Maharjan, Wenzhao Li, Joshua B. Fisher, Rejoice Thomas, Fernando Romero Galvan, Gabriela Shirkey, Hesham El-Askary

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Ensuring global food security in the face of climate change requires optimizing crop water use and nutrient management. This study investigates the relationship between canopy nitrogen (N) and evapotranspiration (ET) across sunflower, rice, walnut, alfalfa, and plum crops using advanced remote sensing technologies. High-resolution hyperspectral data from NASAs Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) and thermal multispectral data from the Landsat-based OpenET system were analyzed over 1,135 km2 in California. Regression analysis revealed strong spatial association between canopy N and ET for sunflower (R2 = 0.82), rice (R2 = 0.71), and walnut (R2 = 0.68), …


Enhancing Sustainable Rice Production Through Organic Plus Fertilizer In Irrigated Paddy Fields, Oviyanti Mulyani, Emma Trinurani Sofyan, Ania Citraresmini, Benny Joy, Anne Yuliana Husen Aug 2025

Enhancing Sustainable Rice Production Through Organic Plus Fertilizer In Irrigated Paddy Fields, Oviyanti Mulyani, Emma Trinurani Sofyan, Ania Citraresmini, Benny Joy, Anne Yuliana Husen

Jurnal Kultivasi

Sustainable rice farming is increasingly threatened by declining soil fertility, excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers, and environmental degradation from intensive agricultural practices. There is an urgent need for innovative organic fertilizer products that combine organic materials with macro and micronutrient enhancements to restore soil health effectively. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of organic plus fertilizer (OPF) as a sustainable soil amendment to improve soil nutrient status, increase paddy productivity, and enhance overall soil health. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with nine treatments: one recommended OPF dose, six combinations of NPK (75 – 100%) …


Effect Of Eco-Enzyme Application On Soil Nutrient And Plant Productivity Of Green Mustard-Peanut In Inceptisol, Idris Abd Rachman, Buhari Umasugi, Krishna Aji, Nurul Fahira A Hakim, Adnan Sofyan, Asrul Dedy Ali Hasan Aug 2025

Effect Of Eco-Enzyme Application On Soil Nutrient And Plant Productivity Of Green Mustard-Peanut In Inceptisol, Idris Abd Rachman, Buhari Umasugi, Krishna Aji, Nurul Fahira A Hakim, Adnan Sofyan, Asrul Dedy Ali Hasan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Appropriate land management has a long-term impact on soil performance and is believed to improve soil fertility. This study investigated the effect of eco-enzymes on soil nutrients and plant productivity of green mustard-peanut in inceptisol. The research was conducted from February to April 2025. The experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and replicated 3 times, so that there were 15 units, including N0 = without Eco-enzyme, N1 = Eco-enzyme 2cc/L. N2= Eco-enzyme 4cc/L, N3= Eco-enzyme 6cc/L, and N4= Eco-enzyme 8cc/L. The commodities used were green mustard (Brassica juncea L) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn). Soil …


The Effect Of Cellulolytic Enzyme Preparations As In Vitro Improvement For Forage Digestibility, G Bertin, Ph Hellings Jul 2025

The Effect Of Cellulolytic Enzyme Preparations As In Vitro Improvement For Forage Digestibility, G Bertin, Ph Hellings

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The systematic study of commercial preparations of fungal cellulases has been undertaken with the aim of determining the principal components and the contribution of each to the digestion of the plant cell wall. These enzymes, normally have three fold role-silage preservative by hydrolysing the cellulosic wall of plant material, cellulases make available fermentable sugars to the lactic bacteria. -Improvement of digestibility we can increase gain by 1 % of the dry matter in forage. - Improvement of intake if the animal digests more quickly his gut will empty more rapidly thus making it available sooner for a new intake of …


Effect Of Cellulase Preparation On Fermentation Of Silage, E No, Y Harasawa, A Ataku, N Narasaki, T Sueyoshi Jul 2025

Effect Of Cellulase Preparation On Fermentation Of Silage, E No, Y Harasawa, A Ataku, N Narasaki, T Sueyoshi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of cellulase preparation (Meicelase) on silage fermentation were studied using the first cutting alfalfa and timothy. In one-liter laboratory silos with Meicelase of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0:8% of the fresh grasses, the fermentative quality was examined throughout a 30 day ensilage period. The amount of the lactic acid in the silage with the Meicelase was considerably greater than the control silage with no additive. In addition, the pH of that silage was low and the content of water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) was high. However, the differences in the amount of Meicelase applied had no effects in the …


Effects Of Sample Drying Method On Estimates Of Nutritive Value Value, S Uchida, H Hayashi, T Horigome Jul 2025

Effects Of Sample Drying Method On Estimates Of Nutritive Value Value, S Uchida, H Hayashi, T Horigome

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The influence of different drying methods for the sample used for analysis on the estimates of the nutritive value of silage was investigated. The silages and hay were made from the same grass and fed to three wethers to determine digestibilities. The samples for analytical use of silages and hay fed, and feces excreted, were prepared by three drying techniques of freeze drying (F), oven drying at 60 C (L) and oven drying at 100 C (H) and then each dried sample was ground in a Wiley mill to pass a 0.5 mm screen. The residual moisture in prepared samples …


Effect Of Lactic Acid Bacteria On Silage Fermentation, Ph Hellings, G Bertin, M Vanbelle Jul 2025

Effect Of Lactic Acid Bacteria On Silage Fermentation, Ph Hellings, G Bertin, M Vanbelle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Inoculants were tested to determine their suitability for use as silage aids. Studies carried out in laboratory indicated (1) that the minimum inoculum should be at least 105 viable organisms per gram of fresh fodder and (2) of all bacterial strains tested, only the Lactobacillus and, specifically, L. casei improved storage characteristics. But the efficiency of an inoculant was subordinated to the fermentable sugars content of the crops. In this respect, alfalfa and second cut grass had the lowest potential for ensilage. Energy was supplied as a mixture of milled barley and amylolytic complex. The influence of a 1: 1: …


Ensilage Of Alfalfa Press-Cake. A Kinetic Model For Ph, Acidity And Nitrogen Evolution, G Amdrich, L Lencioni, R Florentini, G Anelli Jul 2025

Ensilage Of Alfalfa Press-Cake. A Kinetic Model For Ph, Acidity And Nitrogen Evolution, G Amdrich, L Lencioni, R Florentini, G Anelli

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A kinetic model to describe the time evolution of pH, acidity, metabolizable nitrogen and k1 • B, ( a function related to the bacteria concentration) during ensilage of alfalfa press-cake is suggested. The basic hypotheses of the model are given together with the related differential and integral equations. The kinetic model has been tested using experimental data obtained from two samples of alfalfa press-cake respectively ensiled with and without acid addition. The correlation coefficients obtained indicate the reliability of the suggested model.


Ensilage Of Alfalfa Press-Cake, G Anelli, G Andrich, M Contini, L Lencioni Jul 2025

Ensilage Of Alfalfa Press-Cake, G Anelli, G Andrich, M Contini, L Lencioni

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Istituto Industrie Agrarie of the University of Pisa has developed a wet green crop fractionation process which involves the ensilage of the press-cake. This note reports some experimental results on the alfalfa press-cake ensiled with or without addition of acid. The evolution of silages was evaluated through organoleptic and chemical parameters. The good behaviour· during the ensilage shows that alfalfa press-cake is suitable to be ensiled even without previous acidification.


Coagulation Of Sheep Milk Added With Alfalfa Juice And Protein Concentrate, L Lencioni, R Florentini, A M. Pisanelli, C Galoppini Jul 2025

Coagulation Of Sheep Milk Added With Alfalfa Juice And Protein Concentrate, L Lencioni, R Florentini, A M. Pisanelli, C Galoppini

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This note reports some experimental results on the preparation of food-grade products obtained by enzyme coagulation of sheep milk added with alfalfa juice, decolourized whole protein concentrate and cytoplasmic protein concentrate. Working conditions are reported together with the yields, chemical composition and organoleptic properties of the coagula. Products obtained from milk supplemented with low alfalfa juice (��5% dry basis) or protein concentrates (;;;;:10% dry basis) show a good acceptability. The ripening greatly reduces grass flavour and taste.


Effect Of Remaining Brown Juice In Wet Protein Curd On The Quality Of Leaf Protein After Drying, Y S. Cho, J K. Kim, T Horigome, S Uchifa Jul 2025

Effect Of Remaining Brown Juice In Wet Protein Curd On The Quality Of Leaf Protein After Drying, Y S. Cho, J K. Kim, T Horigome, S Uchifa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The influence of remaining brown juice ( deproteinised juice) in wet protein curd on the quality of resulting leaf protein was examined. Freshly cut Italian ryegrass and red clover were fractionated into protein curd, brown juice and pressed cake. Various leaf proteins were prepared by drying the protein curds retaining different amounts of brown juice at 65°C followed by acetone-washing, and by immediate acetone-washing of the protein curd. Casein-brown juice mixtures at the ratio of 1 :3 and 1: 6 were also prepared. The crude protein content of the dry matter in brown juice was very low, 9. 9% for …


The Nutritive Value Of Mixtures Of White Leaf Protein And Other Food Proteins, R Carlsson, P Hanczakowski Jul 2025

The Nutritive Value Of Mixtures Of White Leaf Protein And Other Food Proteins, R Carlsson, P Hanczakowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nutritive value of white leaf proteins were studied, as food supplements. The protein was obtained by heat­fractionation ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) or by de-pigmentation (Medicago sativa L. ). The leaf protein was substituting 50% of the protein in a diet, where the remaining 50% came from wheat gluten, soya bean meal, bone-meat meal, fish meal, skim milk or whey. The nutritive value was estimated by the Thomas-Mitchell nitrogen balance method. The proximate chemical composition of the food protein products, and their amino acid composition were analysed. In every mixture but the one with gluten the biological value was higher …


Effect Of Contamination By Aspergillus Flavus On The Nutritive Value Of Leaf Protein Concentrate Of Leucaena Leucocphala During Storage, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner, I Komang, W Supratman, I Barchia, S Cacang Jul 2025

Effect Of Contamination By Aspergillus Flavus On The Nutritive Value Of Leaf Protein Concentrate Of Leucaena Leucocphala During Storage, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner, I Komang, W Supratman, I Barchia, S Cacang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Leaf protein concentrate extracted from tree legume Leucaena leucocephala cultivar Cunningham (LLP) was stored under humid tropical conditions (24-28°C and 84-92% rh) in the form of wet cake during a 10 day period. Samples of LLP were taken every second day for chemical analyses and protein quality assays. The effect of storage on dried LLP was also assessed against two control proteins: peanut meal (PNM) and fish meal (FM), either free of aflatoxins or infected by the aflatoxigenic fungus Aspergi_llus flavus to the level 280 mcg aflatoxin B1 equivalent/kg. Storage of wet LLP under such conditions resulted in infestation by …