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Heterogenous Impacts Of Pathogenic Avian Diseases On Global Poultry Production, Elsbeth Hamilton

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Globally, poultry is one of the most versatile and cost-effective sources of animal-based protein. Due to its wide variety of uses and variability of growing styles, poultry production is applicable in nearly every country. With the increase of scale and concentration of production, pathogenic diseases have decreased the efficiency of production through worsened feed conversion, morbidity, and mortality. In addition to physiological health, climate largely impacts the suitable conditions for growing. With more extreme climate events, locations once ideal for poultry are less efficient due to increased resource cost. This analysis seeks to determine the heterogeneity of production and the …

Genistein Adsorption Performance And Mechanism By Metal-Organic Frameworks Based On Triangular Aromatic Ligands, Yang Xiangyi, Cheng Yunhui, Yao Li, Xu Zhou, Xing Keyu

Food and Machinery

Objective： To improve the adsorption of genistein by zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks （MOFs） with triangle aromatic ligands. Methods： Two MOFs （MOF-808 and PCN-777） containing different sizes of triangle aromatic ligands were synthesized by hydrothermal method for adsorption of genistein. The synthesis of MOFs was determined by a series of characterization methods, and the adsorption performance was compared with that of a linear binary carboxylic acid ligand-constructed MOF （UiO-66）, to evaluate the effects of pore characteristics, hydrophobicity changes, and other factors on the adsorption performance, and to explore the adsorption mechanism by XPS analysis. Results： Compared with linear ligand-constructed UiO-66, the pore …

Effects Of Silymarin On S. Aureus Atcc25923 Biofilm And Its Virulence Factors, Wang Jiakang, Tang Haoguo, Chen Jing, Si Qihe, Shen Ruxiao

Food and Machinery

Objective: In this study, the effects of silymarin on the biofilm S. aureus ATCC25923 and its virulence factors were investigated. Methods: The inhibition and clearance of silymarin on S. aureus ATCC25923 biofilm formation were detected by crystal violet staining, the effects of silymarin on its biofilm metabolism were investigated by MTT staining, and the effects of silymarin on its coagulase expression and hemolytic activity were investigated by freeze-dried plasma and aseptic defibrinated sheep blood. In parallel, the effects of different concentrations of silymarin on its biofilm and Fourier transform were observed under an optical microscope. Results: The results showed that …

Screening And Enzymatic Characterization Study Of High-Yield Pprotease-Producing Bacterial Strains Derived From Shiping Stinky Tofu, Liu Chao, Zhao Liangzhong, Wang Yaoqiong, Li Ming, Feng Xuzhong

Food and Machinery

Objective: Obtaining hhigh-yield pprotease-pproducing bacterial resources through fermentation of advantageous protease-producing strains derived from Shiping stinky tofu. Methods: Single-factor and response surface experiments were used to optimize the culture medium and fermentation conditions. Using casein as the substrate, the effects of temperature, pH, metal ions and organic reagent on the protease activity and stability of strain JX-11 were investigated using enzymology techniques. Results: One strain of high-producing proteinase-secreting bacteria, JX-11, was isolated from Shiping stinky tofu, identified as Chryseobacterium pennipullorum. The optimal conditions for protease production by JX-11 strain were found to be temperature at 23.0 ℃, glucose content …

Potential Molecular Mechanism Of Celery Seed In Gout Treatment Of Network Pharmacology With Molecular Docking, Li Meijuan, Zhang Jun, Zhang Yunshu, Li Qianwei, Zhang Na, Liu Mengjiao, Zhang Renping

Food and Machinery

Objective: To study the molecular mechanism of celery seed inhibiting or treating gout by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: TCMSP database and the network maps were constructed with Cytoscape3.9.0 software. Gout-related targets were collected in GeneCard database and OMIM database, crossed with the main component targets of celery seed and imported into STRING database for protein-protein interaction （protein-protein interaction, PPI） analysis, core targets were obtained, core targets were introduced into DAVID, and GO function enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment were performed in the database. Finally, AutoDock software was used to verify the key components with key targets. Results: …

Detection And Enrichment Characteristics Analysis Of Common Heavy Metal Content In Different Organs Of Hunan Lotus Seed, Dai Hui, Zhao Wenyu, Wang Jianhui, He Xiangyi, Long Xiao

Food and Machinery

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the heavy metal content in sediment and various organs of Hunan lotus seed in a planting area, as well as to explore the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation and transfer in Hunan lotus seed. Methods: A typical planting area in Hunan Province was selected for this research. The contents of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn were measured using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer. The bioconcentration factor （BCF） and transfer factor （TF） were used to evaluate the heavy metal accumulation and transfer ability of Hunan lotus seed. Results: …

Study On The Performance Of Heat Pump Assisted Random Filler Surface Evaporation Device For Concentrated Thermosensitive Feed Liquid, Ma Yinglu, Chen Dong, Hu Shengwei, Wang Shuo, Zhang Huijuan, Xie Jihong

Food and Machinery

Objective： A surface evaporation concentration device were designed to concentrate thermosensitive feed liquid at low temperature under normal pressure with low energy consumption. Methods： Based on an introduction to the working principle of the device, the basic equations of the device were given. The changes of volumetric evaporation flux and energy saving ratio with flow rate of the feed liquid, feed liquid temperature, sweeping gas flow rate, sweeping gas temperature were calculated and analyzed. Designed an experimental platform and obtained a set of optimal performance parameters through experiments. Results： The results showed that when the flow rate of the feed …

Effect Of Chlorine Dioxide Fumigation Treatment On Quality Of Broccoli, Li Yuqing, Lu Lixin, Wang Qing

Food and Machinery

Objective： This study aimed to solve the problems of yellowing, discoloration and quality preservation of broccoli after harvesting. Methods： Broccoli was fumigated with chlorine dioxide gas at different mass concentrations (0,0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L) at 23 ℃, and the sensory, color, yelination grade, physiological and biochemical indexes and related browning enzyme activities of broccoli were determined after 0,2,4,6,8 days of storage. Results： Compared with the control group, different mass concentrations of ClO₂ could inhibit the mass loss rate, yellowing browning and spoilage of flower buds of broccoli. ClO₂ at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L had a more …

A Preliminary Study On The Effect Mechanism Of A Rice Immune Peptide In Mice, Wen Shiyu, Zhang Zhimeng, Wu Hao, Xie Yufei, Huang Qingming, Liao Juan, Wen Li

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the potential immunomodulatory activity in mice of rice immunopeptide GBP1 （NSVFRALPVDVVANAYR） screened previously. Methods: Animal experiments were conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory mechanism of GBP1 peptide. RNA-Seq was used to sequence the transcriptome of mouse spleen tissues before and after GBP1 peptide treatment, and the molecular mechanism of GBP1 peptide immunomodulatory effect was explained. Results: In the GBP1 peptide treatment group, the number of spleen cells tended to be normal, the liver organ coefficient decreased significantly, and the serum IgG content was stable.GBP1 peptide can affect the expression of cytokines, mediate signal transduction pathways, …

The Antitumor Activity Of Brassica Rapa L. Acid Polysaccharides In Vivo, Kadeer Gulimila, Maitiruze Amannisa, Li Mingzhu, Kang Jinsen, Taoerdahong Hailiqian

Food and Machinery

Objective: To explore the effects of Brassica rapa L. acid polysaccharide 1 (BRAP-1) on H226 cell tumor-bearing mice. Methods: 60 mice were divided into the model group (0.1 mL/10 g), positive cisplatin [3 mg/(kg·2 d)], BRAP-1 low dose [50 mg/(kg·d)], BRAP-1 medium dose [100 mg/(kg·d)] and BRAP-1 high dose [200 mg/(kg·d)]. During the experiment, the tumor growth of mice was observed, and the tumor inhibition rate and organ index were calculated; The levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The gene expressions …

Extraction Of Active Ingredients From Penthorum Chinense Pursh And Comparison Of Component Distribution In Different Parts, Xiang Zhuoya, Zhu Boyu, Zhu Yongqing, Xia Chen, Chen Song

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to determine the extraction solvent and compare the distribution of functional ingredient and antioxidant activities in different parts of Penthorum chinense pursh. Methods: the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity and individual phenolic compounds content in Penthorum chinense pursh were determined and analyzed. Results: The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content increased and then decreased with the increase of solvent concentration. The seven main phenolic compounds （catechin, rutin, pinocembrin-7-O-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol, pinocembrin and thonningianin A）, ABTS radical scavenging ability, and ferric ion reduction ability were the highest in 80% ethanol extract. The …

Analysis Of Flavor Characteristics Of Herbal Cultivated Tremella Fuciformis Based On Component Difference Analysis And Intelligent Sensory, Chen Wanchao, Wu Di, Xiao Minsheng, Yao Shuxian, Yang Yan, Liu Yanfang

Food and Machinery

Objective: Clarify the flavor characteristics of Tremella fuciformis cultivated on herbaceous substrate. Methods: In the study T. fuciformis cultivated on herbaceous substrate was used as the research object, while samples of yellow tremella and white tremella cultivated on conventional substrate were used as controls. The differences in flavor composition between them were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Ggas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). And combined with intelligent sensory technology, its flavor characteristics were analyzed. Results: According to multi-dimensional evaluations such as fresh and sweet amino acid and flavor nucleotides content, taste activity value and equal freshness …

Comparative Study On Several Black Bean Components, Antioxidant And Enzyme Inhibition In Vitro, Dang Yuting, Zhang Yan, Jing Boxing, Su Xiaomeng, Chai Xiyan

Food and Machinery

Objective: The difference in bioactive substance content and bioactivity in black beans were compared. Methods: The contents of total phenolic acids, total flavonoids, condensed tannins, total anthocyanins, total polysaccharides and total proteins of nine kinds of black beans were determined. The antioxidant activities of black bean extracts in vitro and their inhibitory effects on α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase were compared. Results: The contents of total phenolic acid, total flavonoids, condensed tannins and total anthocyanins were as follows: equine bean > small black bean > black bean; Total polysaccharide content: small black bean > black bean > horse bean; Total protein content: horse …

Effects Of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins On Hepg2 Cell Genes And Related Functions Based On Transcriptome Sequencing, Zheng Wancai, Dang Bin, Zhang Ji, Luo Qiaoyu, Feng Zuoshan

Food and Machinery

Objective： Based on transcriptome sequencing analysis, the effect of grape seed procyanidins on HepG2 cell genes and related functions was identified. The key genes and metabolic pathways involved in the treatment of HepG2 cells with procyanidins were confirmed. Methods: Through transcriptome sequencing, screening differential genes, gene functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the KEGG pathway, transcriptome studies were conducted on grape proanthocyanidin-treated cells. Results: After treating HepG2 cells with grape anthocyanins, the main biological processes enriched are cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulatory processes, immune system processes, reproductive regulation, and growth regulation. Research has found that 12 key differentially expressed …

Optimization Of Anthocyanin Copigmentation Formula Of Purple Corn And Its Effect On The Quality Of Purple Corn, Pang Wenqian, Yu Rui, Li Dajing, Liu Chunju, Bai Bing

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to explore the copigmentation formula of purple corn anthocyanins. Methods: In this study, fructose, tannic acid, and pectin were used as co-pigmentation. The response surface method was used to optimize the co-pigmentation formula of purple corn anthocyanins, and the untreated purple corn was used as a control test. The anthocyanin components, color, texture, taste and antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging ability, ABTS free radical scavenging ability, and FRAP iron ion reducing ability) of purple corn after different treatments were determined. Results: 19% fructose, 0.07% tannic acid, and 1.9% pectin had the best copigmentation effect. Compared …

Effects Of Drying Methods On The Quality And Volatile Flavor Compounds Of Oil Tea Powder, Li Guanli, Wu Qiuyue, Chen Xixia, Wu Shujie, Duan Qiuxia, Li Xiaochun, Luo Yanghe

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to explore suitable drying methods for oil tea powder, making it easier for oil tea consumption and storage. Methods: Spray drying, vacuum freeze drying and vacuum drying were used to dry oil tea soup, and the quality (moisture content, sensory evaluation and color) and volatile substances of dried oil tea powder were evaluated. Results: The sensory score of vacuum freeze-drying oil tea powder was the highest (93), the water content was the lowest (3.78%), and the color was better（ΔE value 49.74). 104 volatile substances were identified from three drying methods of oil tea powder using …

Research Progress On The Effects Of Processing Methods On Gluten Protein Structure And Properties, Cui Guoting, Wang Duan, Guo Jinying, Ren Guoyan

Food and Machinery

Steamed bread, noodles, deep-fried dough sticks and other noodle foods are an important part of our diet, and gluten protein is an important component of noodle foods. Common food processing techniques used to prepare noodles, including heating, freezing, mechanical processing, fermentation, and electric field treatment, alter the hydrophobic disulfide bond of the protein, denature and aggregate the protein, and cause other intricate physical and chemical changes, all of which have an impact on the texture and flavor of the finished noodle product. This paper mainly introduces the current research status of the influence of processing methods such as heating, freezing, …

Research Progress On Extraction, Physiological Function And Application Of Pectin, Fei Congxuan, Fu Meiling, Zhang Di, Li Dandan, Xiu Jianhua

Food and Machinery

Pectin is a kind of natural polysaccharide polymer, which is an important part of the cell wall of higher plants. It has physiological functions such as cholesterol-lowering, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation and hypoglycemic, and beneficial to intestinal health. In this review, pectin extraction methods and their advantages and disadvantages in recent years were summarized, and the yield, galacturonic acid content and esterification degree of pectin extracted from different sources and methods were compared and analyzed. The physiological function of pectin and its application in various aspects were also introduced, and the future development direction was prospected.

Structural Characteristics And Hypoglycemic Activity Of Polysaccharides From Different Parts Of Wampee, He Junye, Liu Cheng, Yu Chongyang, Sun Pengpeng, Ren Yuanyuan

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to develop antioxidant products and anti-diabetes drugs of wampee. The study aimed to research the structural characteristics, anti-oxidation and hypoglycemic properties in vitro of polysaccharides from different parts of wampee. Methods: The structural properties, in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides from the fruit, peel and seeds of wampee (CWP-F, CWP-P, and CWP-S) were analyzed and compared from the aspects of chemical composition, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, appearance, DPPH free radical scavenging rate and α-amylase inhibition rate. Results: CWP-F had the highest molecular weight and was mainly composed of galactose and arabinose, CWP-P was mainly …

Research Progress On The Mechanism Of Food-Derived Antihypertensive Peptides, Wang Baobei, Zhang Hui, Liu Yusong, Chen Hongbin, Guo Fengxian, Zheng Zongping

Food and Machinery

In this review, several mechanisms of antihypertensive peptides derived from food and its by-products were summarized. Mechanisms based on the RAAS system such as ACE/Ang Ⅱ/AT1R signaling pathways and ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR signaling pathways were included. Mechanisms targeting at KNOS system including PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, PPAR-γ/caspase3/MAPK/eNOS signaling pathway and L-type Ca²⁺ channel were also discussed. In addition, the pathways of reducing blood pressure by inhibiting endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) activity discovered in recent years were also introduced.

Ua12/2/2 Talisman: Pulse, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

Spring 2024 Talisman:

• Hunter, Leah. Pulse
• Muscutt, Carson. High on Bluegrass – Jordan Riehm
• Meyers, Jeffrey. Science of Movement – Exercise Science
• Murray, Debra. Pasture to Plate – Agriculture
• Murray, Debra. Vegetarian Tortilla Soup
• Coffee, Bobbi. Passion, Pain, Curiosity – Innovation Campus
• Story, Miriam. Drafts of a Postcard (October 2023)
• Johnston, Katelyn. Beyond Sound – Deaf
• Hunter, Leah. One Good Week – Madison Weis
• Alali, Cecilia. Crafted Cadence – Speech Team
• Blankenship, Alisa. Loving You
• Sandlin, Ellie. Here After – Death
• Booth, Pandora. Rooted in Rhythm – Step Shows
• Booth, Pandora. Horoscopes
• Pulse Playlist

Linking Reactive Nitrogen Species Within The Vadose Zone With Surface Irrigation, Kaitlyn Richards

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

This study investigated the relationship between irrigation methods and the mobilization of nitrogen in the vadose zone, focusing on soil properties, water dynamics, and nitrogen species distribution. Data collected from dryland and pivot-irrigated soil cores reveal distinct patterns in water content, bulk density, soil texture, pH, conductivity, and nitrogen concentrations. Results indicated that water content has a major influence in nitrogen availability and microbial activity. Nitrate-N and ammonium-N concentrations varied between dryland and pivot soils, with notable disparities observed. In dryland soils, nitrate-N concentrations varied widely across depth intervals, with notable accumulation in deeper layers, while ammonium-N concentrations exhibited a …

Accurate Measurement Of Field Size Is Essential For Analysis Of Smallholder Survey Data, Rica Joy Flor, Shen Yuan, Gonzalo Rizzo, Fahmuddin Agus, Anny Ruth P. Pame, Akhara Ouk, Rathmuny Then, Sokheng Keo, Virender Kumar, Particio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Context: Agronomic surveys play a vital role in identifying on-farm yield constraints and opportunities to increase productivity, input-use efficiency, and farmer profit. These surveys typically rely on farmer-reported data, where crop yield and applied inputs per hectare are estimated based on farmer-reported total harvested output and applied inputs per field and associated field size. At question is how accurate field size is, which is vital in the case of smallholders as small inaccuracies can lead to large biases in estimated yield and inputs.

Objectives: The goals of this study are to assess current approaches to determine field size …

Phenotypic Diversity For Morpho-Agronomic Traits In The Us Proso Millet (Panicum Miliaceum L.) Core Collection, Santosh G. Rajput, Rituraj Khound, Dipak K. Santra

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a short-season annual crop known for high water-use efficiency and drought tolerance. The low water requirement makes this ancient grain an excellent rotational crop for the winter wheat-based dryland cropping system in theHigh Plains of theUnited States. The genetic base of the commonly grown US cultivars is very narrow. Assessment of proso millet germplasm for agronomic traits is essential for its efficient utilization in the genetic improvement of this crop. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the US proso millet germplasm based on nine important morpho-agronomic traits and (2) classify …

Pet Diet Changes While Taking An Animal Nutrition Course, Joanna Ramirez

Undergraduate Research Conference

This study investigates the impact of an animal nutrition course on pet owners during the Fall of 2023. The primary objective is to determine how a pet owner's perception of their pet's diet changes and to identify any corresponding alterations made to the pet's diet before and while taking an animal nutrition course. Two surveys were conducted to collect responses: the pre-survey received 18 responses from animal nutrition students regarding their pets' diets before taking the course, and the post-survey received 18 responses from animal nutrition students regarding any changes in their pets' diets while taking the course.

Where Have All The Flowers Gone? A Call For Federal Leadership In Deer Management In The United States, Bernd Blossey, Darragh Hare, Donald M. Waller

Aspen Bibliography

Forests in the United States continue to lose biodiversity and many fail to regenerate due to high deer (family Cervidae) abundance. Declines in biodiversity and overall ecosystem health due to high deer populations increases prevalence of wildlife and human diseases associated with increasing tick abundances and decreases forest resilience and the ability to deliver benefits provided by healthy ecosystems. In the eastern and midwestern United States, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are the main stressor, while in the western U.S. elk (Cervus elaphus) and black-tailed and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) can become equally problematic. Federal …

Gsl Researcher (Spring 2024)

GSL Researcher

GSL Researcher (Spring 2024)

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2024 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

This is the catalog for the 101st Little International 'Little I' Agricultural  Exposition, held on April 5th & 6th, 2024.

What Soil Is Worth: A Cost-Benefit Framework Analysis Of Syntropic Farming, Aubrey Kettley

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Syntropic farming, a type of regenerative agriculture, models its farming system after a forest. This type of farming prioritizes soil health while also providing a varied yield of crops. Because it is a fairly new system globally, little research has been done on the economic impacts of syntropic farming, and therefore the feasibility of scaling up regenerative systems like this. This study aims to analyze the economic feasibility of this system through a literature review and a cost-benefit analysis framework. The results highlight the applicability, environmental advantage and economic feasibility of the system. Based on the presented framework, the short …

Guna Community Perspectives On Attributes, Changes, And Revitalization Of Nainu Agroecological Practices In Isla Tigre, Guna Yala Comarca, Panama, Neshima Vitale-Penniman

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Indigenous agroecological systems are gaining international recognition for their capacity to conserve biodiversity while promoting food security and sovereignty. Nainu is the ancestral agriculture of the Guna people of eastern Panama, and it is characterized by a successional growing system that imitates the regeneration of the tropical forest in which it is practiced. This research aimed to (a) characterize how nainu is practiced by farmers in Isla Tigre, a community in Guna Yala, (b) characterize how nainu practices have changed over time, and (c) describe how farmers and community members in Isla Tigre are envisioning and actualizing the revitalization of …