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Changes In Nitrite Contents And Antioxidant Properties Of Cowpeas Processed By Different Cooking Methods During Refrigerated Storage, Liu Danwen, Huang Shirong, Ge Du, Liu Bin

Food and Machinery

Changes in nitrite contents and antioxidant properties of cowpeas processed by three cooking methods (boiling, steaming and frying) during 4 ℃ storage were investigated. The polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of extracts from different treated cowpeas were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and TEAC assay, respectively. Results showed that the different cooked cowpeas had significantly higher nitrite contents than the raw cowpeas. The nitrite contents in all the samples increased at first and then decreased during storage, with the highest contents being obtained at 3 days of storage. The boiled cowpeas had significantly higher nitrite content than the other processed cowpeas …

Effect Of Chitosan Coating On The Quality Of Wulong Loin Jujube Fruit During Storage, Cheng Hong, Wu Xiyu, Xu Dan, Liu Xing

Food and Machinery

As a local fresh jujube species in Chongqing, Wulong loin jujube has high nutritional value and excellent flavor. But the storage period of Wulong loin jujube was very short, and this was the reason why its industry development was hindered the development. In this study, fresh Wulong loin jujubes were coated with chitosan at different concentrations (1.0%, 1.4%, and 1.6%), and then they were stored at （1±0.5） ℃ with 90% relative humidity to examine the preservation effects of chitosan coating. The results showed that the dosages of 1.4% chitosan coating could delay the reductions of firmness, and Vc and the …

Mechanism And Inhibitory Effect Of P-Hydroxybenzoic Acid On Anthracnose In Postharvest Citrus, Huang Xiaolan, Ge Zhixing, Wang Rikui, He Mingyang, Han Leng, Zhou Lian

Food and Machinery

To explore the antifungal activity and potential mechanism of p-Hydroxybenzoic acid against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in postharvest Citrus. The addition of p-HBA in-vitro and in-vivo was conducted to test the inhibitory effect. Dynamic changes of peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase(PPO), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Ammonia-lyase (PAL)activity and the content of Malondialdehyde(MDA) with different treatment was studied in postharvest citrus. p-HBA displayed strong antifungal activity to C.gloeosporioides，when the concentration was higher, the effect was increased. The value of EC₅₀ is 0.056 mg/mL. The activities of PPO, POD, SOD and PAL were increased when inoculated with p-HBA and C.gloeosporioides, while the content of MDA was …

The Study Of Rough Flavones Components Extracted From The Rape Bee Pollen, Wang Mansheng, Zeng Xinan, Xiong Xiayu, Dai Qiuzhong

Food and Machinery

In order to clarify the flavonoids compositions of rape bee pollen and evaluate the assisted extraction effect for pulsed electric field (PEF), the ethanol extract of rape bee pollen and its acidolysis component were analyzed in detail by the method of TLC—DPPH and HPLC in this paper. The results showed that the quercetin and kaempferol in the ethanol extract of rape bee pollen could not be detected for their low contents. However, a large number of quercetin and kaempferol were generated after the acidolysis of ethanol extract, and this implied that the flavonoids compositions of rape bee pollen mainly existed …

Optimization Of Ultrasonic Assisted Cellulase Extraction Process Of Pleurotus Ostreatus Polysaccharide By Uniform Design, Zhang Xiao, Zhu Caiping, Deng Hong, Li Yun, Zhang Yang, Hu Changyao

Food and Machinery

The Ultraction-cellulase synergistic extraction process of pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide (POP) was optimized by uniform design method. Extraction temperature, pH, solvent/material ratio, cellulase dosage, enzymolysis time, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time were selected to carry out the single factor tests. According to the experimental results, better levels of these factors were chosen to implement the U₁₈ (9⁵×6²) mixed uniform design experiment to optimize the technology. The effects of the seven single factors as well as their interactions on the POP yield were investigated. The optimal process parameters were predicted and verified by using regression analysis. The …

Optimization On Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Of Polyphenols From Red-Flesh Apple By Response Surface Methodology, Qi Na, Li Han, Zhang Zhiyu, Deng Hong, Hu Yan, Guo Yurong, Meng Yonghong

Food and Machinery

[Objective] Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction process condition of polyphenols from red-flesh apple with ultrasonic assistance. [Method] Using the red-flesh apple of XINJIANG as material, on the basis of single-factor experiment, four factors, inclouding extraction time, ultrasonic power, extraction temperature and ratio of material-to-liquid were chosed to design the experiment with response surface method. With Box-Behnken design and response surface analysis, the optimum extracting conditions of polyphenols from red-flesh apple were determined. [Result] The optimal process parameters of polyphenol extraction were determined and they were as follows: extraction time and temperature were 20 min and 62 …

Influence Of Enzymatic Extrusion Of Corn Starch On Preparation Of Isomalto-Oligosaccharides, Ge Jie, Wu Chunsen, Wang Ying, Wang Ren, Jin Zhengyu, Xu Xueming, Jiao Aiquan, Zhou Xing

Food and Machinery

The treatment of corn starch by adding enzyme extrusion technology as material to produce isomalto-oligosaccharide. With the sum content of isomaltose (IG₂), panose (P) and maltotriose (IG₃) as the yield index of isomalto-oligosaccharide, the parameters were optimized by orthogonal experiment, and the optimum processes for production of ismalto-oligosaccharide from corn starch with enzymatic extrusion were as followed: the extrusion temperature 95 ℃, the water content 45%, and the amount of enzyme 0.8%. And the yield of the ismalto-oligosaccharide with the highest yield could reach over 35%.

Study On Sourdough Bread, Wang Li, Yu Yafang, Qian Haifeng, Zhang Hui, Qi Xiguang

Food and Machinery

The sourdough and its main microorganism, together with the preparation technology, properties and research status of this kind of bread both domestic and overseas, were introduced in the paper, hoping to provide a new clue for its development and promotion. Finally, a possible development tendency of sourdough bread was also forecasted.

Methods Of Detecting The Content Of Folic Acid In Infant Complementary Food Supplements, Luo Minting, Wu Kegang, Huang Weiqian

Food and Machinery

To detect infant complementary food supplements of folic acid, methds of microbiological method, solid-phase-extraction-HPLC and direct-ammonia-extraction-HPLC were utilized respectively. Analyses among the three methods were compared and the most accurate and rapid one was determined. The results showed the direct-ammonia-extraction-HPLC analysis by using the CH3OH-0.05 mol/L KH2PO4 (volum ratio,5∶95; pH 6.3) as mobile phase and controlling the peak time at 6.5 min, and the standard curve coefficient was 0.999 8 with detection limit 0.019 0 mg/L. Compared with the other two methods, this method was simple, rapid, sensitive and reproducible characteristics, and provided an effective theoretical basis to establish method …

Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Mid-South Cotton Grown On Heterogeneous Soils With Cereal Cover Crops In Northeast Arkansas, Erin Jane Kelly

Student Theses and Dissertations

The Mississippi Alluvial Plain has some of the most productive landscape for production agriculture in the world. This area also is known for highly variable soil within agricultural fields. In response to high input costs, many Midsouth cotton producers seek to improve input use efficiency using precision agriculture approaches including use of site-specific application of fertilizers, seed and other inputs directed at sub-regions of spatially variable fields. These sub-regions are known as management zones. One barrier to producer adoption of this type of site-specific management is a lack of practical guidelines for defining management zones tailored for the Midsouth region. …

Urban Agriculture As Embedded In The Social And Solidarity Economy Basel: Developing Sustainable Communities, Isidor Wallimann

Program for the Advancement of Research on Conflict and Collaboration

The Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) is a viable strategy in dealing with some contemporary problems known both in industrial and developing countries. Addressed is how local populations could reach certain objectives and satisfy certain needs using techniques characteristic of SSE and, thus, carve out a social and economic space of their own vis-à-vis anonymous markets, global actors, local and national elites. Illustrated further is this strategy on the example of Urban Agriculture Basel, a unit of the Social Economy Basel. Within this self governed space, it is suggested, a path can be laid for the necessary transition towards local, …

The Farm Newsletter, Usu Student Organic Farm

USU Student Organic Farm Newsletter

Here at the farm we are about as anxious for the tomatoes to ripen as people can be. However, they just don't seem to be picking up the color that they should be at this point. One method for getting tomatoes to ripen is to cut them off the plant in bunches with some of the stem still attached and to let them sit/hang in a warm place out of direct sunlight. This should ripen them in about a week's time. We are going to try this with a few of our many many green tomatoes in the hope that …

Influence Of Source Credibility On Consumer Acceptance Of Genetically Modified Foods In China, Mingyang Zhang, Chao Chen, Wuyang Hu, Lijun Chen, Jintao Zhan

Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

This paper examines the reasoning mechanism behind the consumer acceptance of genetically modified foods (GMFs) in China, and investigates influence of source credibility on consumer acceptance of GMFs. Based on the original Persuasion Model—which was developed by Carl Hovland, an American psychologist and pioneer in the study of communication and its effect on attitudes and beliefs—we conducted a survey using multistage sampling from 1167 urban residents, which were proportionally selected from six cities in three economic regions (south, central, and north) in the Jiangsu province through face to face interviews. Mixed-process regression that could correct endogeneity and ordered probit model …

Nebline, September 2016

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: 4-H Youth Showcase Projects, Develop Skills at the Super Fair

Food & Health

Farm & Acreage

Pests & Wildlife

Horticulture

Early Childhood

4-H & Youth

Extension Calendar

and other extension news and events

Comparative Study Of Nutrient Uptake Between Sorghum X Drummond Ii And Cyperus Conglomeratus, A Desert Sedge Native To The Uae, Safaa Ahmed Aldhanhani

Theses

Sudan grass (Sorghum x drummondii) is commonly grown for the production of animal fodder in the UAE. Cyperus conglomeratus (locally termed ‘Thenda’) is a sedge native to the UAE, and one of the very few plants that colonize soils of shifting desert dunes. The native plant is grazed by camels, and may thus have a potential for animal feed production. While Sudan grass is a mycotrophic plant that normally lives in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for facilitation of nutrient uptake, C. conglomeratus is a non-host to these root symbionts. In the desert sedges rhizosheaths comprising of dense coats of …

Local Fruit And Vegetable Availability Along The Wasatch Front, Britney Hunter, Shawn Olsen, Dan Drost, Brent Black, Jaydee Gunnell

All Current Publications

This fact sheet tells where to find local produce along the Wasatch Front, and when the produce is available.

Establishing Birdsfoot Trefoil In The Mountain West, Joe E. Brummer, Jennifer W. Macadam, Glenn Shewmaker, M. Anowarul Isllam

All Current Publications

This bulletin describes birdsfoot trefoil in the Mountain West, and why it should be considered for planting. It includes cultivar selection and seeding rate, establishment considerations, and interseeding methods. Its high nutritive value and ruminant-friendly tannins will support livestock production without risk of bloat, while it fixes nitrogen to increase production in the entire pasture.

Design And Test Of Hot Pressing Extraction Equipment With Composite Rotary Agitation And Auto-Discharging For Bone Extract, Wu Ting, Jia Wei, Zhang Chunhui, Li Xia, Guan Sheng, Han Ling, Yu Qunli

Food and Machinery

Design a type of hot pressing extraction equipment with composite rotary agitation and auto-discharging, which consists of three parts: tank, composite rotary agitation device and feeding device. The equipment is a horizontal stirring extraction, to avoid the problem that the extract is mixed with the solid material irregularity in conventional extraction method, and greatly increase the heating rate and extraction efficiency. Propelled scraper agitator and mixing paddle type impeller installed spaced equidistant, and the motor can forward and reverse, which make the extraction process and the process of tapping automatic. The use of two dimensional heating via jacket and stirring …

The Dominant Spoilage Bacteria And Their Growth And Decline Law In Fresh Lotus Seeds Storedat The Cold Storage, Wang Jianhui, Wang Xiu, Wang Faxiang, Li Xianghong, Y Ujian, Jin Na, Liu Yongle

Food and Machinery

In this study, spoilage bacteria in fresh Xiang lotus seeds preserved at 4 ℃ temperature for 18 d were separated by dilution-plate method. Total genomic DNA was extracted from these strains and then subjected to PCR amplification. Dominant spoilage bacteria were identified using 16S rDNA sequencing for the identification and the law of their growth and declination was drawn. The results showed the four dominant spoilage bacteria in fresh Xiang lotus seeds preserved at the temperature of 4 ℃ were Pantoea dispersa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus warneri, and Pantoea agglomerans. At the storage temperature of 4 ℃, the growing trends of …

Effect Of Storage Control Method On Quality Of Germ-Left Rice During Storage, Yan Song, Meng Qinghong, Gao Yang, Zhang Zhihong, Yuan Chao, Wang Liqun, Lu Shuwen

Food and Machinery

Germ-left rice contains a large amount of nutritional ingredients, but its quality degradation easily occurs. In order to improve the storage quality of germ-left rice, the effects of several packing material and storage parameters on storage time of germ-left rice were investigated. Microwave intensity, gas regulating mode and ambient temperature were selected as influencing parameters, and critical storage duration (responding to fat acid content of 35 mg KOH/100 g DB in germ-left rice) as the indicator on quality evaluation. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the effect regulation of storage parameters on the storage time of the germ-left rice，to …

The Optimization Of Extraction Process Of Insoluble Antioxidant Dietary Fiber From Orange Pomace, Xue Shan

Food and Machinery

The enzymes-chemical method was used to extract the insoluble antioxidant dietary fiber (IADF) from the remaining orange pomace after oppressing juice. The single factor experiment and response surface optimization have carried out considering the clearance rate of DPPH free radical as the indicator. The results of response surface showed that the clearance rate of free radicals was best in the condition of liquid ratio 33.58 mL/g, protease dosage of 0.21 mL/g, amylase temperature of 67 ℃ and glucoamylase temperature of 64 ℃, and highest value was up to 3.520 mmol Trolox/100 g IADF.

Optimization Of Preparation Technology And Quality Evaluation Of Nutrition Of Kiwifruit, Xu Mudan, Cao Qing, Mao Gennian, Wei Chenxi

Food and Machinery

To study the best formulation of kiwifruit nutritional chewable tablet, the fresh kiwifruit was used as raw material to prepare the fruit powder through slicing, vacuum drying, and crushing. A certain amount of vitamin A and vitamin _D were added. According to the single factor experiment, the formulation of kiwi fruit nutrition chewing tablets was also optimized using L₉(3³) orthogonal experiment. Ultimately, the quality of the prepared tablets was evaluated. The best formulation was 40% fruit power, 25% mannitol, 30% lactose, and 5% glucose, 10% PVP ethanol solution, which was used for soft materials, and 0.5% …

Processing Technology Of Black Adzuki Bean Paste, Zhang Xuelu, Ruan Changqing, Li Fang, Sun Jitao, Liu Wenjing

Food and Machinery

To make full use of the black adzuki bean resources and make black adzuki bean paste with high nutritional value, the water absorption of black adzuki beans with different soaking temperatures and time, the bean paste rate, sensory evaluation and the texture profile of different cooking time of black adzuki beans paste were determined. The research showed that the optimum process parameters of black adzuki bean paste were: soaking temperature 40 ℃, soaking time 150 min, cooked time 40 min; under this condition, the yeild rate of bean paste reached 72.93%±1.53%. The making black adzuki bean paste was estimated uniform …

In Vivo Toxicity Assessment Of Aflatoxin B1-Contaminated Corn After Ozone Degradation, Luo Xiaohu, Qi Lijun, Wang Ren, Wang Li, Li Yongfu, Yang Dan, Yu Xiaobin, Chen Zhengxing

Food and Machinery

Aflatoxin B1-contaminated corn (ACC) (83.0 μg/kg) was treated for 40 min at 90 mg/L ozone. And mice were used to assess the vivo toxicity of ozone treated ACC. Results indicated that compared with basal feedstuff, the mean weight of mice fed with ACC significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Whereas, the liver and kidney/body weight ratio increased significantly (P＜0.05). Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum increased significantly (P＜0.05). The total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and globulin (GLB) content significantly decreased (P＜0.05). When mice were fed with the ozone-treated ACC, no significant differences were observed in the mice …

Moderate Refine And Oxidative Stability Of Cold-Pressed Carya Hunanensis Cheng Et R. H. Chang Oil, Miao Miao, Wang Xiali, Li Yuchun, Yi Cuiping, Shi Xiulan, Liu Ruixing

Food and Machinery

Moderate refining and antioxidant adding on the qualities of cold squeezing Carya kernel oil was studied. Results showed that the the acid value of cold squeezing Carya kernel oil was a little higher and appeared to be a darker shade of yellow than national standards. Subsequently, the qualified oil could be obtained after deacidification and decoloration, with the acid value lower than 3.0 mg KOH/g and yellowness 30. The storage time of the studied oil was 448 days with 0.02% phytic acid added, and the volume of unsaturated fatty acid was found up to 86.74%.

Preparation Of Instant Kuduz-Rice Porridge By Screw Extrusion, Zhu Hong, Liu Yang, Yi Cuiping, Yu Jian

Food and Machinery

Instant kuduz-rice porridge was prepared by screw extrusion after being balanced by kudzu flour with non-waxy rice flour. The nutrient component, texture properties and sensory properties of the products were analyzed. Results indicated that, the principal component of instant kuduz-rice porridge was starch, with few flavone; the digestibility in vitro increased sharply than raw material after being extrusion, whatever the product was puffing or not; within the range of shaping, the porridge with 20% kuduz flour obtained higher viscosity, chewiness, hardness and elasticity; the results of sensory evolution showed that the porridge with 20% kuduz flour got more ideal score …

Ex-Post Livestock Diseases, And Pastoralists' Averting Decisions In Tanzania, Mazbahul Ahamad

Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Little is known about the factors affecting pastoralists’ livestock vaccination decisions. In this thesis, we use a novel survey-based dataset on pastoralists living in the Ruaha landscape in Tanzania, and employ several econometric approaches to identify the factors affecting pastoralists’ decision-making process about livestock vaccination when disease occurrence and severity, vaccination and healthcare access costs and other related variables are known. Results from binary choice models that account for excess zeros indicate that socially and economically active households are more likely to vaccinate their livestock. The results also identify positive marginal effects of illness incidence and having wage earners and …

A County Level Analysis Of 2014 Farm Bill Commodity Payments, Seth Cole Boone

Open Access Theses

United States commodity policy was subject to a large transition in how the federal government supports agricultural producers when the 2014 Farm Bill was passed in February of 2014. The new programs are the Agricultural Risk Coverage (ARC) and the Price Loss Coverage (PLC) programs. Methods used by the federal government to distribute farm income support have evolved from constant decoupled payments into programs that respond to agricultural market fluctuations, delivering payments that are inversely related to market performance.

The United States has a long history of government programs directly and indirectly supporting farmers and their income, dating back to …

High School Students' Motivations And Views Of Agriculture And Agricultural Careers Upon Completion Of A Pre-College Program, Andrea K. Scherer

Open Access Theses

Pre-college summer residential experiences hosted by a College of Agriculture have the potential to expose high school students to new career opportunities and fields of study that they may not have considered, and may influence agricultural literacy, perceptions of agriculture, and interest in agriculture. Engaging these students is important for meeting the demand for more students graduating with agriculture degrees prepared to solve 21st century challenges. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the outcomes of two separate pre-college experiences, the Molecular Agriculture Summer Institute (MASI) and the Purdue Agribusiness Science Academy (PASA), and participating high school …

Learning From Data: Plant Breeding Applications Of Machine Learning, Alencar Xavier

Open Access Dissertations

Increasingly, new sources of data are being incorporated into plant breeding pipelines. Enormous amounts of data from field phenomics and genotyping technologies places data mining and analysis into a completely different level that is challenging from practical and theoretical standpoints. Intelligent decision-making relies on our capability of extracting from data useful information that may help us to achieve our goals more efficiently. Many plant breeders, agronomists and geneticists perform analyses without knowing relevant underlying assumptions, strengths or pitfalls of the employed methods. The study endeavors to assess statistical learning properties and plant breeding applications of supervised and unsupervised machine learning …