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Lipophilic Antioxidants In Edible Weeds From Agricultural Areas, Helena Sircelj, Maja Mikulic Petkovsek, Robert Veberic, Metka Hudina, Ana Slatnar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The present paper reports the contents of individual lipophilic antioxidants in fourteen species of edible common agricultural weeds, typical of agricultural areas such as fields and orchards. Young edible green aboveground parts of weeds were analyzed for their chlorophyll, carotenoid, and tocopherol qualitative profiles and contents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the complete lipophilic antioxidant composition of the edible weeds examined in this study. The results revealed that all examined leafy plant species are good sources of lipophilic antioxidants, the richest source being Urtica dioica (255.64 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ fwt), followed by Cardamine …

Olive Tree Response To The Severity Of Pruning, Manuel Angelo Rodrigues, João Ilidio Lopes, Isabel Queiros Ferreira, Margarida Arrobas

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Pruning has been seen as a means of improving olive tree productivity. The presumed importance of pruning was described by Columella (born 4 AD), and has persisted in general terms to the present. In this work, the effect of different pruning regimes was assessed from two field trials conducted in Mirandela, NE Portugal, in an olive grove of cv. 'Cobrançosa', rainfed managed. The first trial began after a light crop ("off" year) and received four pruning regimes (hard, moderate, light, and nonpruned control). The second trial started the following year, after a heavy crop ("on" year), and received two pruning …

Boron And Maturity Effects On Biochemical Parameters And Antioxidantactivity Of Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Cultivars, Eleana Sarafi, Anastasios Siomos, Pavlos Tsouvaltzis, Christos Chatzissavvidis, Ioannis Therios

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Pepper fruit (Capsicum annuumL.) is one of the best sources of carotenoids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, and antioxidant activity important in the human diet. The levels of bioactive compounds are variable and may be affected by cultivar, maturity stage, and boron concentration in the soil solution. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the pepper cultivars Solario, Osho, Odysseo, and Arlequin treated with 5 boron concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg B L-1) for 70 days. Fruits were sampled at 40 and 70 days and the concentration of carbohydrates, carotenoids, flavonoids, total phenols, and antioxidant activity (FRAP, DPPH) were measured. …

Isoflavone Profile Diversity In Korean Wild Soybeans (Glycine Soja Sieb. & Zucc.), Chigen Tsukamoto, Muhammad Amjad Nawaz, Ayaka Kurosaka, Bao Le, Jeong Dong Lee, Eunho Son, Seung Hwan Yang, Cemal Kurt, Faheem Shahzad Baloch, Gyuhwa Chung

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Isoflavones prevent the incidence of cancer, reduce cardiovascular problems, and decrease menopausal symptoms. In soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) seeds, the content is greatly affected by growing conditions. The variations in soy-isoflavone content were investigated by growing 346 Korean wild soybean accessions from natural habitats under the same agroclimatic conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the profiles of six soy-isoflavones, i.e. glycosides (daidzin, glycitin, genistin) and malonyl glycosides (malonyl-daidzin, malonyl-glycitin, and malonyl-genistin). The soy-isoflavone content of the wild soybeans ranged from 0.5 to 5.51 mg/g with an average of 2.78 mg/g. The highest mean total soy-isoflavone was …

The Effect Of Perlan And Bud Management On Growth, Lateral Shoots,And The Precocity Of Cherry Nursery Trees, Ramazan Toprak, Di̇lek Soysal, Hüsnü Demi̇rsoy

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The sweet cherry tree shows an acrotonic growth habit and grows as a forest wood. Apical dominance is important in sweet cherries and commercial growth is not possible without human intervention. It is thus difficult to obtain a good tree shape and enough shoots and leaves for quality and a plentiful crop in cherry trees. For this reason, many studies have been carried out in cherries to obtain enough lateral shoots and leaves using different methods. These procedures included Perlan application, pruning (heading), bud management (bud selection, bud removal), girdling, notching, and scoring. The present study aimed to encourage leaf …

Evaluation Of Germplasm In Solanum Section Lycopersicon For Tomato Taste Improvement, Luis Galiana-Balaguer, Ginés Ibañez, Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo, Salvador Rosello

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The genetic potential of accessions from Solanum section Lycopersicon (S. lycopersicum L., S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, S. pimpinellifolium L., and S. habrochaites Knaap & Spooner) for breeding tomato taste has been studied in three environments with clonal replicates. The environment clearly affected the accumulation and level of variation of sugars and acids and derived variables through a direct effect. It seems that photosynthetically active radiation would exert a major effect on sugar accumulation while in the case of organic acids the effect of temperature might be more important. Even more, important genotype × environment interactions can considerably modify the real …

Effect Of Altitude, Shooting Period, And Tea Grade On The Catechins, Caffeine, Theaflavin, And Thearubigin Of Turkish Black Tea, Feramuz Özdemi̇r, Hi̇lal Şahi̇n Nadeem, Aybegüm Akdoğan, Cüneyt Di̇nçer, Ayhan Topuz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effect of altitude, shooting period, and tea grade on the catechins and caffeine contents of Turkish black tea was investigated. The experimental factors significantly affected all of the parameters analyzed. Epigallocatechin gallate was the major catechin of black tea (0.719-1.007 g 100 g-1 dm) followed by epigallocatechin (0.627-0.791 g 100 g-1 dm). Additionally, caffeine (1.810-2.175 g 100 g-1 dm), theaflavin (3.201-6.000 μmol g-1), and thearubigin (8.577-12.635 g 100 g-1 dm) contents were determined. Samples of tea grown at high altitude generally produced a considerably greater amount of the catechins that improve tea quality. Shooting period, which is specific to …

Determination Of Flower Bud Drop And Anomalies Underdifferent Ecological Conditions Of Some Apricot Cultivars, Ni̇hal Acarsoy, Adalet Misirli

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Efficiency in fruit trees is connected with flower quantity and quality. Flower abortions occur largely depending on locations and years in apricot varieties that are selective in terms of climate requirements. In this study carried out with varieties having a wide range of chilling requirements in İzmir and Malatya, flower and leaf bud drop rates differed according to varieties and was found low in Malatya. During the flower bud and bloom period, Tokaloğlu, Precoce de Tyrinthe, and Iğdır varieties did not show anomalies in Malatya while Precoce de Tyrinthe had a low rate of abnormality in İzmir. Furthermore, it was …

The Effect Of Field Dodder (Cuscuta Campestris Yunck.) On The Leaf And Tuber Yield Of Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.), Tamer Üstüner

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, the effect of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on the leaf and tuber yield of sugar beet fields in Kahramanmaraş Province of Turkey was investigated. Field dodder is known to spend its entire vegetation period as a parasite plant on its hosts after germinating from the soil. It causes significant yield and quality loss of many cultivated plants, including sugar beet. In this study, the influence of dodder on leaf chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll levels, leaf yield, wet and dry leaf weight, and leaf ash weight of sugar beet was investigated. For this purpose, two …

A Comparative Study Of Fuzzy Linear Regression And Multiple Linear Regression Inagricultural Studies: A Case Study Of Lentil Yield Management, Karim Sorkheh, Ahmad Kazemifard, Shakiba Rajabpoor

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study investigates the advantages of two fuzzy linear regression (FLR) models, namely the Tanaka and the Savic and Pedrycz models, over multiple linear regression (MLR) for lentil yield management. We used a fuzzy approach to model the yield of lentil genotypes in which the input is crisp and the output fuzzy. Moreover, after finding FLR equations, we estimated the output corresponding to the collection of fuzzy inputs by using fuzzy algebraic operations and an appropriate defuzzification method known as the center of area method. Results showed the superiority of the Tanaka model over MLR because of reducing the included …

Effects Of Hot Water And Uv-C On Mineral Content Changes In Two Strawberry Cultivarsstored At Different Temperatures, Şeyda Çavuşoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, two standard strawberry cultivars, Rubygem and Sabrina, were treated with UV-C (254 nm), hot water (60° C for 10 s), and UV-C + hot water after harvesting and stored in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) at 0 °C and 5 °C. The variations in mineral contents including phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), and zinc (Zn) were analyzed during storage periods. Analysis of variance for storage temperature, storage time, cultivar, and treatments showed that storing both cultivars at different temperatures followed by all treatments caused some increases in P and …

Occurrence, Damage, And Population Dynamics Of The Olive Fruit Fly(Bactrocera Oleae Gmelin) In The Turkish Republic Of Northern Cyprus, Murat Helvaci, Mehmet Aktaş, Özge Özden

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The olive is one of the most important crops of the Mediterranean region. Ninety-eight percent of the world?s olive production occurs in this region. However, pest control is a major concern of olive growers, and the olive fruit fly is one of the major economic pests. The aim of this research was to observe their population, infestation rates, and effect on the quality of olive oil. This research included 14 olive groves within 2 different locations. To determine the population dynamics of adult olive fruit flies, 6 yellow sticky traps were placed haphazardly within the tree canopies (approximately 1.5 m …

How The Carbon To Nitrogen Ration Affects Soil Microorganisms, Logan M. Stenger, Morgan R. Hobgood

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This slide presentation for the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College presents information on the importance of the correct ratio between nitrogen and carbon for microorganism health.

Reflection And Evaluation Of The “Healthy Me, Healthy Earth” After-School Program, Mary K. Sherman

Honors Theses and Capstones

The “Healthy Me, Healthy Earth” program was an eight week after-school program for first through fourth graders at the Woodman Park Elementary School in Dover, NH conducted during the Fall of 2017. The program used a cost-effective, food system-based curriculum to promote health and environmental literacy to students who participated. An interdisciplinary approach was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and behavioral changes of the students. There was a noted improvement in comprehension of food system concepts.

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Machine Learning To Detect Suckling In Pre-Weaned Calves, Sukumar Katamreddy

Theses

The weaning of cattle is a process which is known to be labour intensive and to have stressful effects on both cow and calf Common methods used in the weaning process include the temporary removal of a mother from the calf and manual observation and intervention. Early and speedy weaning is known to have a number of benefits, including health benefits for both cow and calf, additional weight gains for the calves as well as reduced labour and feed requirements. The process known as Two-Stage Weaning is recognised to be an effective low-stress approach to weaning in which the calf …

Influence Of Dietary Ractopamine And Supranutritional Supplementation Of Vitamin E On Proteome Profile Of Postmortem Beef Longissimus Lumborum Muscle, Hyun Mok Kim

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The effects of dietary ingredients on the proteome profile of postmortem beef longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle were evaluated. In the first experiment, the influence of dietary ractopamine on the whole-muscle proteome of beef LL was examined. Five proteins were differentially abundant between ractopamine-fed (RAC) and non-ractopamine fed (CON) groups. The differentially abundant proteins were over-abundant in RAC and were related to muscle structure development (F-actin-capping protein subunit beta-2 and PDZ and LIM domain protein-3), chaperone (heat shock protein beta-1), oxygen transportation (myoglobin), and glycolysis (L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain). These findings indicated that ractopamine influences the abundance of proteins associated with …

Agricultural Information Needs And Food Access In The Stann Creek District Of Belize, Sam E. Harris, Donna L. Graham

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The purpose of this study was to describe agricultural information sources available to farmers and to describe food access and availability for the people of Dangriga, Stann Creek, Belize. This study used descriptive survey research methods with convenience sampling of the general public (n=22) and of farmers (n = 38) in the summer of 2017. Farmers use a variety of agricultural information sources with the extension service cited most often, followed by friends and fellow farmers. Weather, lack of information, pests, and inadequate access to capital were of primary concern for farmers. Face-to-face meetings were used most often by extension …

Leadership Styles Of State Extension Specialists, K. Amy Lawyer

Theses and Dissertations--Education Sciences

Cooperative extension is one of three components, along with teaching and research that form the mission of land grant universities. The focus of extension work is to take knowledge gained through research conducted at the university, and disseminate the information, in a practical manner to the end user. In most instances, extension work revolves around agriculture. Within the extension system are personnel that help to foster this program of educating clientele who work in the agricultural industry. County level agents are in place to teach and address the needs of local constituents, specialists are generally housed at the university campus …

Identifying Mechanisms Of Host Plant Specialization In Aphis Craccivora And Its Bacterial Symbionts, Thorsten Hansen

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Many insects form close relationships with microbial symbionts. Insect symbionts can provide novel phenotypes to their hosts, including influencing dietary breadth. In the polyphagous cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora, the facultative symbiont Arsenophonus improves aphid performance on one host plant (locust), but decreases performance on other plants. The goal of my thesis was to investigate the mechanism by which Arsenophonus facilitates use of locust. First, I assembled an Aphis craccivora-Arsenophonus-Buchnera reference transcriptome to conduct RNAseq analysis, comparing gene expression in aphids feeding on locust and fava, with and without Arsenophonus infection. Overall, few transcripts were differentially …

Impact Of Selected Integrated Pest Management Techniques On Arthropods In Cucurbit Production Systems, Amanda R. Skidmore

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Cucurbits (i.e. squash, melons, pumpkins, gourds) are high value crops of global importance. Insect pests in these systems are often controlled by chemical insecticides, which are not always effective and can be damaging to the environment. Many integrated pest management (IPM) techniques have been developed for the control of pests in these systems, with a goal of improving system stability and reducing chemical inputs. The overarching goal of my research was to investigate the impact of select IPM techniques on arthropod populations and yield in organic and conventional cucurbit systems.

This dissertation can be divided into three major projects which …

Bee Conservation In Urban Landscapes: Assessing Bee Assemblages, Bee–Attractiveness, And Nutritritional Value Of Woody Landscape Plants And Mitigating Potential Bee Hazard From Neonicotinoid Insecticides, Bernadette Maria Mach

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Public awareness of declining pollinator populations has increased interest in creating “bee–friendly” urban landscapes. I quantified bee visitation and assemblages of 72 species of flowering woody plants common in urban landscapes. I found strong plant species effects and variation in seasonal activity of particular bee taxa but no overall differences in bee visitation or genus diversity between native versus nonnative species or trees versus shrubs. Analysis of pollen from a subset of these plants revealed small but statistically significant differences in total and essential amino acids between native and nonnative species and trees and shrubs, although each group had species …

Letter From The Dean, Deacue Fields

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Consumer Sensory And Composition Attributes Of Arkansas-Grown Fresh-Market Blackberries, Aubrey N. Dunteman, Renee T. Threlfall, John R. Clark, Margaret L. Worthington

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Blackberries are grown worldwide for commercial fresh markets. Three Arkansas-grown fresh-market blackberry genotypes (‘Natchez’, ‘Ouachita’, and A-2418) were evaluated for consumer sensory and compositional attributes at the University of Arkansas Food Science Department, Fayetteville. The compositional attributes of the blackberries were within an acceptable range for commercial markets (soluble solids=8.20-11.90%, pH=2.79-3.18, titratable acidity=1.09-1.32%). In terms of soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio, ‘Ouachita’ (10.92) had the highest ratio, followed by ‘Natchez’ (8.93) and A-2418 (6.25). A consumer sensory panel (n=80) evaluated fresh-market blackberry attributes using a 9-point hedonic scale for overall impression, overall flavor, sweetness, and sourness and a 5-point …

Use Of Chemical Mutagens For Production Of Inactive Pollen Grains,Embryo Rescue, And Morphological Changes In Cucumber, Faezeh Hazem, Maryam Golabadi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Application of chemical mutagens as important factors is very practical for successful haploidization techniques in Cucurbitaceae through pollen grain deactivation and then immature embryo rescue. The present research investigated the effects of genotype, male flower age, receptor plant, and chemical mutagenesis (NaN3 and colchicine) on pollen grain deactivation as well as seed production (number of total, full, half-full, and empty seeds) and morphological traits. Moreover, the effects of different plant growth regulators were tested on embryo cultures. The effects of different factors (mutagen, genotype, flower age) were investigated on plant regeneration from immature embryos that were inspected from half-full and …

Oxygen Isotope Discrimination Of Wheat And Its Relationship With Yield And Stomatal Conductance Under Irrigated Conditions, Sema Kale Çeli̇k, Sevi̇nç Madenoğlu, Bülent Sönmez, Kadri̇ Avağ, Ufuk Türker, Gökhan Çayci, Ali̇ Ci̇hat Kütük, Lee Kheng Heng

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to determine the different irrigation regime effects on oxygen isotope discrimination of stem water (𖗢Os) and its relationship with grain yield (GY), aboveground biomass (BM), and stomatal conductivity (gs) of winter wheat. For this purpose a field experiment was conducted between 2009 and 2011 in a semiarid region of Turkey under rainfed (RF), deficit (DI), moderate (MI), and full irrigation (FI) conditions. The highest GY and BM (4.5 t ha$^{-1}$ and 14.5 t ha$^{-1}$) were measured from the FI treatment. However, the difference between the yield of DI and FI treatments was insignificant. It might …

Seed Fatty Acid Compositions And Chemotaxonomy Of Wild Safflower(Carthamus L., Asteraceae) Species In Turkey, Yusuf Arslan, Burcu Tarikahya Hacioğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Safflower is an important oilseed crop for the dry regions of the world. In the present study, we aimed to find out the seed oil content and composition of the wild relatives of safflower. For this purpose, 71 populations from 5 naturally growing Carthamus species were collected from Turkey: Carthamus dentatus (30 accessions), Carthamus lanatus (30 accessions), Carthamus persicus (2 accessions), Carthamus glaucus (6 accessions), and Carthamus tenuis (3 accessions). Our research covered all naturally growing safflower species in the flora of Turkey. The seeds belonging to 71 accessions were germinated in cabinets and transferred to vials in order to …

Evaluation Of Morphological, Chemical, And Sensory Characteristicsof Raspberry Cultivars Grown In Bosnia And Herzegovina, Vildana Alibabic, Azra Skender, Melisa Orascanin, Edina Sertovic, Emina Bajric

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Due to the growth in production of raspberry (Rubus sp.) in the Una-Sana Canton, there is a considerable need to research the fruit quality, as well as to guide the production in order to satisfy the requirements of the market. Raspberry fruit is very interesting for consumers because of its pleasant aroma and color, low calories, and high nutrient value, with health benefits that manifest in the high amount of antioxidants. In this paper, we have examined the morphological, chemical, and sensory properties of four cultivars of raspberry (Meeker, Willamette, Fertödi, Polka) grown in the area of the municipality of …

The Effects Of Ga3 Treatment On Yield, Carbohydrate, And Endogenous Hormone Changes In Memecik Olive Cultivar, Sali̇h Ülger, Sabri̇ye Atmaca, Sara Demi̇ral

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this experiment, 100 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) was applied to Memecik olive trees in the middle of June in the `on' (bearing) year to research the effects on yield, reducing sugar amount, and endogenous hormones with the purpose of bearing fruit regularly. The yield was 19.33 kg/tree in control plants and 17.33 kg/tree in GA3-treated plants in the `on' year. The yield was 7.17 kg/tree in GA3-treated plants and 4.00 kg/tree in control plants in the 'off' year. While GA3 treatment was not very effective on the decrease of fruit amount in the `on' year, it increased fruit amount …

The Effects Of Genotype And Altitude Of The Growing Location On Physical, Chemical, And Phytochemical Properties Of Strawberry, Kazi̇m Gündüz, Hakan Özbay

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effects of genotype and altitude of the growing location on physical, chemical, and phytochemical properties of strawberry fruits were investigated. Eight strawberry genotypes obtained from diverse breeding programs were selected. The genotypes were grown at three altitudes: in Antakya (117 m), Urumu (443 m), and Saksak (755 m). The results indicated that genotype and growing location had a significant impact on both physico-chemical and phytochemical characteristics. Genotypes explained 36%?51% of total variance for fruit weight (FW), total soluble solids (TSS), total acidity (TA), color incidence chroma (C), hue (h°), citric acid, and total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA). Altitudes explained 23%?50% …