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Hemp Growth Factors And Extraction Methods Effect On Antimicrobial Activity Of Hemp Seed Oil: A Systematic Review, Klaudia Ostapczuk, Samuel Obeng Apori, Giovani Estrada, Furong Tian

Articles

The bioactive Hemp Seed Oil (HSO) is becoming very popular in the medical and research fields due to its antimicrobial properties against several diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. However, the effect of hemp-growing factors and extraction methods on the bioactivity of HSO does not receive adequate research attention. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the effect of growth factors and extraction methods on the antimicrobial activity of HSO. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar and the Scopus database and screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study revealed that HSO prefers warm climates and favorable humidity ranging from 20 …

Effect Of Volatile Compounds Produced By Selected Bacterial Endophytes In Promoting Plant Growth, Asha Maheshwari, Margaret T. Mmbaga, Bandana Bhusal, Christine A. Ondzighi-Assoume

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Bacterial endophytes selected for their capability to suppress diverse fungal pathogens in vitro and in greenhouse studies have been shown to promote plant growth. The effect of volatile compounds emitted by selected bacteria on plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum), and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) was evaluated on container-grown plants nested above bacterial cultures, with roots exposed to the volatiles without direct contact between bacterial cells and the plant roots. Significant increases in plant growth were observed in plant height, root length, leaf size, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content in all plants tested. Although diverse …

Nebline, September/October 2021

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

4-H Youth Help Celebrate 150 Years of Lancaster County Fair

Farm to School Connections in Lancaster County

Recipe of the Month

Uses of Compost

Garden Guide: Things to Do This Month

GroBigRed Virtual Learning Series

Medically Important Spiders in Nebraska: The Black Widow and Brown Recluse

Herd Health Vaccinations

4-H Announcements for enrolled 4-H'ers or 4-H volunteers

4-H State Public Speaking Top Results

Eight Lancaster 4-H Clubs Receive Governor’s Ag Excellence Awards

Sam’s Club Donates $1,000 to 4-H Council

Heart of 4-H Volunteer Award: Tim & Jenny Higgins

Heart of 4-H Volunteer Award: JJ & Amy Frink

Youth Science Day …

Understanding The Influence Of Zinc On Grain Cadmium Accumulation And Bioaccessibility In Rice, Michael A. Tavarez

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The effect of cadmium and zinc on mineral concentrations in three cultivars of rice

Interactions between the essential mineral zinc (Zn) and the toxic heavy metal cadmium (Cd) play an important role in regulating transport of both minerals to rice grains. Understanding these interactions is crucial for limiting cadmium and increasing zinc transfer to the food chain. Previous studies on the matter have had conflicting results suggesting synergistic and antagonistic relationships between the minerals. The goal of this work was to identify the effect of external cadmium and zinc on the uptake and translocation of both minerals from roots to …

Parameterization Of Food Wastes To Develop An Automatic Recycling System For Livestock And Poultry Feed, Ali Roshanianfard, Samira Nematzadeh, Tarahom Mesri-Gundoshmian

Emirates Journal for Engineering Research

Food wastes are known as one of the big concerns in urban management because of grain consumption gain, environmental pollution, and traditional waste management methods. The reuse of restaurant waste can reduce the cost of producing animal food production. This study attempts to find related parameters to use in the development of an automatic recycling machine and also a suitable method for food waste management (wastes of restaurants in universities and other academic environments) to use in various animal diets. Determination of various parameters including the percentage of dry matter (using a dryer), protein (using Kjeldahl test), fat (using Soxhlet …

Understanding Corn Variability, Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondón

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Corn is the most common feed ingredient used in poultry nutrition. Maize contributes with up to 65% of the metabolizable energy and 20% of crude protein in poultry diets (Gehring et al., 2013; Dei, 2017). Its average nutritional value is well-known, but it is accepted that the variability in its composition and energy value is a very common issue with great impact on poultry performance and health (Cowieson, 2005; Gehring et al., 2013; Latham et al., 2016; Montanhini-Neto et al., 2017). Corn variability affects growth, feed conversion, flock uniformity, digestibility, AMEn, digesta viscosity, gut microbiota composition, …

Assessing Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids To Achieve Linear Programming Goals Through Model Extrapolation And Empirical Research, Craig W. Maynard, Ed E. Gbur, Vinh-Loi Ly, Minh-Duc Le, Thi H. Ngan Le Jr, Justina Caldas, Michael T. Kidd

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Renewed interest, especially in the United States, has sparked in assessing branched-chain amino acid interactions in practical diets for broilers. Indeed, as L-valine enters formulation bird nitrogen excesses are reduced as diet protein falls to the new first limiting amino acid (e.g., isoleucine, arginine, or tryptophan). For a United States based example, the result is less oilseeds and more gains, which typically result in increased inclusions in corn or corn by-products, coupled with a concomitant increase in dietary leucine. The proceedings outline the foundations of the branched-chain amino acid early research, antagonism studies, and a meta-analysis conducted on publications with …

Sustaining Competitiveness In Times Of Uncertainty And Volatility: A Latin American Perspective, Antonio Kalinowski

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

The poultry industry has dominated the dynamic livestock sector in Latin America during the last decades, doubling production in the last 20 years (Williams and Anderson, 2019). In the future, poultry production in the region is expected to grow at almost twice the annual global rate: 2.5% and 4.0%, respectively. The rapid expansion of the industry has been fueled by the growing consumer demand for chicken meat and eggs, given its price competitiveness and culinary preference in most Latin American countries. Per capita chicken consumption is among the highest in the world (on average ca. 30 kg/person/year), and represents above …

Amino Acid Responses In Conventional And Slow Growing Broilers, Alex Corzo, Marcelo Silva

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Conventional and slow-growing broilers are both quite responsive to dietary amino acids. However, when reducing dietary balanced protein (BP), the change in rate of gain on the slower-growing broilers results in a growth curve that is not as steep as it would be if using the current conventional broiler. Amino acid supply and balance, in combination with manipulation of dietary energy density, could enable customers to achieve the desired rate of gain when using slow-growing broilers, depending on the Global Animal Partnership or other certification level the integrator is aiming for.

Heat Damage, Maillard Reactions, And Measurement Of Reactive Lysine In Feed Ingredients And Diets, Maryane S. F. Oliveira, Charmaine D. Espinosa, Hans H. Stein

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Feed cost represents 70% of the total cost of poultry and pork production (Patience et al., 2015); therefore, a number of processing techniques have been developed to maximize utilization of nutrients in feed ingredients and diets for optimum animal growth performance. Oilseed meals are commonly exposed to varying degrees of heat to remove solvents used during oil extraction, increase nutrient digestibility, improve storage life, and to reduce anti-nutritional factors (Liener, 1994; Rehman and Shah, 2005; Goebel and Stein, 2011). Heat is also applied in the production of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from dry grind ethanol facilities …

Practical Pullet And Breeder Nutrition, David J. Burnham

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Modern meat chicken breeding stock have been selected for extremely efficient conversion of feed into protein and rapid growth. As a result, it has become increasingly more difficult to rear pullets and breeders to achieve the healthy chick numbers needed to supply the ever-expanding poultry meat market. There are many factors involved in producing a healthy pullet and breeder chicken. These include; housing, lighting, temperature and air control, health, animal husbandry, feed management and nutrition. This presentation is titled, Practical Pullet and Breeder Nutrition. Feed nutrient composition is important, but feed management is critical to make the nutrition effective. The …

Dietary Fiber From Crude To Refined: Unraveling Its Value On Animal Performance, Gilson Gomes, Tara York, Xavière Rousseau

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Fiber, although a simple five letter word, is like an onion. It is only once you begin to peel back the layers that you discover the complexity within. As nutritionists we are used to thinking in terms of ‘crude fiber’, but as we move into a world without antibiotics and the need to sometimes select alternative ingredients, we are now beginning to separate fiber into its chemical components and functional properties. To understand the functional properties, such as solubility and fermentability, we first need to ensure we can accurately measure the chemical composition of fiber for a wide variety of …

Free Fatty Acid Removal From Oil Using Magnetic Nanoparticles, Daniel Sabo

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Unprocessed crude oils consist of some amount of triglycerides as well as free fatty acids (FFAs). FFAs are virtually absent in oils from living tissue. They are formed by enzymatic action after the animal has been slaughtered. Hydrolysis of ester bonds in lipids, which results in the formation of FFA from the triglycerides, may be caused by enzymatic action, heat, or moisture. This release of short-chain fatty acids is the reason for rancid flavor and odor. Furthermore, the presence of FFAs can self-catalyze and release more FFAs from triglycerides. FFAs are susceptible to oxidation, which leads to oxidative rancidity. This …

Nutrition And Coccidiosis, Po-Yun Teng, Fernanda Castro, Woo Kyun Kim

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Coccidiosis is the most common parasitic disease caused by Eimeria spp., leading to over $14 billion economic loss worldwide annually. The most prevalent Eimeria spp. in poultry include E. tenella, E. maxima, E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. necatrix, E. praecox, and E. mitis and have different level of pathogenicity and specific infection sites in the intestine. Eimeria spp. invade intestinal epithelial tissues and induce intestinal damage, causing inflammation, oxidative stress, hemorrhage, and diarrhea. Furthermore, coccidiosis causes reduction of growth performance, intestinal integrity, nutrient digestibility, and increase of mortality and mobility in poultry. Nutrition strategies have been evaluated to mitigate detrimental …

Analysis Of The Main Chemical And Volatile Components Of Xianggan Tea, Xiang-Style Ganpu Tea, Li Xiang, Fu Fu-Hua, Pan Zhao-Ping, Wang Chen, He Shuang

Food and Machinery

Objective: Xianggan tea, was made from Hunan Anhua dark tea, i. e. Tianjian tea and the mandarin peel of Yueyang Jinpen pomelo, based on the preparation method of Ganpu tea, and this contributed to ascertaining the quality of Xianggan tea. Methods: The main chemical components, mineral element content and volatile components were analyzed in the Tianjian tea, mandarin peel and Xianggan tea. Results: The moisture content of Tianjian tea, mandarin peel, and Xianggan tea were all less than 20%, and made them easy for storage. The content of crude polysaccharides, total flavonoids, and total phenols was in the order of …

Effects Of Milling Degree And Cooking Method On The Cooked Rice Quality Of High-Quality Indica Rice, Li Liu-Yan, Zhan Zhan, Zhang Wei, Shu Zai-Xi, Wang Ping-Ping

Food and Machinery

Objective: To investigate the effects of milling degree and cooking method on cooked rice quality of high-quality Indica rice. Methods: Paddy rice （variety Longliangyou 1813） were dehulled and milled for 20, 35, and 50 s, respectively. Rice milled for different durations were cooked with electric pressure cooker and ordinary rice cooker, respectively. Quality attributes of cooked rice were compared by texture analyzer, gas chromatograph-ion mobility spectrometer （GC-IMS）, and sensory judgement. Results: For rice milled for 20 s, the cooked product of ordinary rice cooker had higher hardness than that of electric pressure cooker. However, for rice milled for 35 or …

Effect Of Jet Milling On The Physical And Chemical Properties Of Tartary Buckwheat Powder, Zhang Xue, Zhang Dong-Jie, Zhang Ai-Wu

Food and Machinery

Objective: The effect of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties of tartary buckwheat powder in different parts was studied, aiming to provide a certain theoretical reference for the food industry to use superfine grinding to prepare tartary buckwheat food. Methods: Tartary buckwheat skin powder, core powder and whole powder were used as materials to prepare tartary buckwheat ultrafine powder by superfine grinding combined with a fluidized bed jet mill. The superfine powder was studied by measuring the particle size, specific surface area, comprehensive powder characteristics, swelling property, water solubility and other indicators. Results: The particle size of the three kinds …

Effects Of Different Technologies On Enzyme Deactivation And Storage Stability Of Wheat Germs, Zhang Nan, Shi Lin, Meng Ji-Kun, Ge Xin-Hui, Cheng Yong-Qiang, Zhang Xiu-Qing

Food and Machinery

Objective: To obtain the best technology and treatment conditions of wheat germs stablizaiton, three different technologies were used to treat wheat germs. Methods: Microwave, superheated steam and hot air drying were used to treat wheat germs with enzyme deactivation, and their deactivation effects on lipase and lipoxygenase in wheat germs were compared. Then, the optimal treatment conditions of each technology were selected for the determination of total number of colonies and accelerated storage test. Results: Under the optimal treatment conditions, the lipase and lipoxygenase in wheat germs could be effectively deactivated by the three treatments. The superheated steam treatment had …

Effects Of Anthocyanins From Vitis Amurensis On Cognitive Impairment In Mice With Chronic Alcoholism, Liu He, He Yang, Gu Jia-Dong, Wen Lian-Kui

Food and Machinery

Objective: To study the effect of Vitis amurensis. anthocyanins on cognitive impairment induced by chronic alcoholism. Methods: The mice were divided into blank group, model group, low-dose and high-dose groups treated by anthocyanins from V. amurensis. The model of chronic alcoholism was established and intervened with anthocyanin from V. amurensis. Morris water maze and step-down test, antioxidant stress and cholinergic system related indexes were measured, and the hippocampal slices were observed. Results: After anthocyanins intervention, the escape latency of water maze test was shortened by 41.38%, the total swimming distance was shortened by 28.53%, the first stage time was shortened …

Tomato Dry Peeling Technology Based On Catalytic Infrared, Liu Ying, Qu Wen-Juan, Luo Sheng-Tong, Ma Hai-Le, Pan Zhong-Li, Jiang Qun-Hui

Food and Machinery

Objective: An efficient and green method of peeling tomatoes was explored. Methods: A dry peeling method of tomatoes was carried out based on catalytic infrared equipment, and the effects of technological parameters on peeling performance and pulp quality of tomatoes were investigated and compared with traditional peeling methods of hot water and lye. Results: Infrared heating distance, temperature and time all had significant effects on the peelability and pulp quality of tomatoes. The optimum technological parameters of tomato dry peeling based on catalytic infrared was infrared heating temperature of 450 ℃, distance of 25 cm and time of 5 min. …

Influence Of Cover Crop Termination Timing On Soil Health And Cash Crop Development In The Arkansas Delta Region, Derek Alan Dittlinger

Student Theses and Dissertations

Cover crops have become an important tool in many conservation farming systems. However, impacts of various levels of cover crop biomass on soil health and cash crop growth and development are not fully understood in the Arkansas Delta region. A two-year study was conducted on no-tillage, row crop production farms in order to determine the effects of cover crop termination timing (cover crop biomass production) on soil physical properties and cash crop growth and development in both corn (Zea mays) and soybeans (Glycine max). Cover crop termination timing did not have a significant impact on soil physical properties related to …

A Study Of Adoption And Costs Of Nrcs Avoid, Control, And Trap (Act) Agricultural Conservation Practices In Arkansas, Samuel Edward King

Student Theses and Dissertations

The USDA NRCS provides technical and financial assistance to support farmers and landowners who implement conservation practices through land retirement and cost-share programs. We analyze NRCS cost-shared conservation activities in Arkansas to determine what has been conducted, when it occurred, and what may have led to the adoption of these conservation practices. We investigate temporal trends in conservation adoption based on changes following the 2002 Farm Bill using regression analysis and evaluate spatial hotspots at the HUC-12 watershed scale using the Getis-Ord Gi*. Results suggest that conservation adoption differs regionally by practice type and land use category, and adoptions increase …

Empirical Analysis And Enlightenment Of American Nuval Scoring Labeling Development, Huang Ze-Ying, Huang Bei-Xun

Food and Machinery

NuVal scoring labeling that was based on overall nutritional quality index, adopted 1 to 100 to show the nutritional value of packaged food and fresh agricultural products. The higher was the score, the better was the nutritional status of food. The labeling was integrated with food prices to make it easier for consumers to compare the nutritional value of what they pay. Therefore, FOP labeling in China could be attempted to integrate nutrition evaluation information with food price, and promote in fresh agricultural products, and adjust its algorithm in accordance with the national nutritional needs.

Study On Preparation Technology And Properties Of Dietary Fiber Ultrafine Powders From Okra Fermented Wine Pomace, Luo Xin, Zhou Yan-Qiang, Wu Guang-Bin, Chen Fa-He

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to effectively utilize a large amount of dietary fiber andpectic polysaccharides in okra fermented wine pomace and turn waste into treasure. Methods: The processing technology and related characteristics of okra dietary fiber ultrafine powder were studied by wet ultrafine grinding and spray drying technology. Results: The results showed that okra fermented wine pomace was treated by colloid mill three times; then homogenized by high-pressure homogenizer for three times with 40 MPa of the homogenization pressure; after homogenization, spray drying was made with 210 ℃ in the inlet air temperature, 40 Hz of the fan frequency, solids …

Research Progress On Wall-Breaking Technology Of Rape Bee Pollen, Zheng Hui, Yang Si-Qi, Sun Yan, Li Shun-Xiang

Food and Machinery

This paper summarized the cell structure, wall breaking morphology and wall-breaking methods of rape bee pollen, analyzed and compared the advantages and disadvantages of various wall-breaking methods, summarized the application and development status of wall breaking rape bee pollen, and prospected the research on wall-breaking technology of rape bee pollen in the later stage.

Every Part Of Yeast Is The Best Part, Matthieu Baulez, Bruno Bertaud, Lisa Saibi

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Yeasts are single-cell, eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the fungi kingdom. They are generally around 10μm in size, have a nuclear membrane, a cell wall, and a cytoplasmic content. Yeasts are characterized as heterotrophs, which means they rely on organic material as sources of energy and nutrients. Not all yeasts are equal. There are about 60 genera and about 1,500 species of yeasts. Only a few are used commercially. Thanks to its exceptional fermentative capacities and nutritional properties, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main yeast used in food, beverage and baking as well as in animal nutrition. The main types of yeasts …

Mineral Nutrition In Broilers: Where Are We At?, Rick Kleyn, Mariana Ciacciariello

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Mineral nutrition remains an essential consideration for broiler nutritionists. The complex interactions between different minerals sources, other ingredients, and the broiler itself, coupled with their relatively low costs, have led to the current status of elevated levels of minerals in broiler diets. New perspectives on sustainability have brought about a rethink of the way we formulate practical diets. There are considerable opportunities for reducing macro minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, particularly for older birds. Our understanding of attaining an ideal dietary cation-anion balance is confused by the lack of clarity in measuring the balance and the bird’s ability to …

Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions Of Climate Change And Adaptation Practices For Maize Production In Eastern Ethiopia, Helen Teshome, Kindie Tesfaye, Nigussie Dechassa, Tamado Tana, Matthew Huber

Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Faculty Publications

Climate change and variability is affecting maize (Zea mays L.) production in eastern Ethiopia but how farmers perceive the challenge and respond to it is not well documented. A study was conducted to analyze smallholder maize farmers’ perception of climate change/variability and identify their adaptation approaches and barriers for adaptation in the eastern highlands of Ethiopia. Meteorological data were assessed to provide evidence of the perceived change. A survey was conducted in six major maize-producing kebeles with a total of 364 respondents. A multi-stage sampling method was employed for selecting the sample units for the study. The data were analyzed …

Enhancing The Fertilizer Value Of Cattle Manure Using Organic Resources For Soil Fertility Improvement: A Review, Benedicta E. Ayamba, Robert C. Abaidoo, Andrews Opoku, Nana Ewusi-Mensah

Journal of Bioresource Management

The poor quality of cow dung in Ghana resulting from the opportunistic feeding mode of cattle impedes its adoption due to high quantities needed for application. This calls for nutrient optimization of cattle manure with inexpensive locally available sources of organic inputs that could enhance its quality. Though large volumes of crop residues and other agro-wastes are produced on-farm, they are underutilized and mostly a nuisance. Major food crops take approximately, 44 %, 42 % and 56 % of the total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), respectively and are found in crop residues. There is therefore the need …

Effects Of Osmotic Stress Induced By Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) 6000 And Mannitol On Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Of Durum Wheat, Ratiba Bousba, Rabah Bounar, Narimene Sedrati, Randa Lakhal, Chourouk Hamla, Malika Rached-Kanouni

Journal of Bioresource Management

Seed germination is generally the critical step in seed establishment and thus the determination of successful crop production. This study was focused at examination of the biochemical and germination parameters effected by low water potential which was generated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and mannitol, related to drought stress and growth of Waha durum wheat genotype. Two tests were carried out in a growth chamber; the first comprises seed germination into Petri dishes in the presence of different concentrations of the two osmoticums (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % of PEG6000 and mannitol). The second test was carried out …