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Richard Feinberg's Review Of Patrick Vinton Kirch And D. E. Yen's Tikopia: The Prehistory And Ecology Of A Polynesian Outlier, Richard Feinberg

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Risk Management And Marketing, Gene Murra

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Some risk can be transferred to someone else, some may have to be retained by the producer. Price risk is one type of risk which can be shifted to someone else. The cash market method of pricing keeps the risk in the hands of the producer. Often, that means that risk is not managed, just accepted as part of doing business. The forward pricing techniques--cash forward pricing, futures market and options--offer some opportunity to manage price risk by shifting some of that risk to someone else. Merely shifting price risk to someone else doesn't necessarily mean either more profits or …

Cash Settlement For Feeder Cows, Gene Murra

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

The change in the feeder cattle futures contract from physical delivery t o cash settlement should not affect a producer's net price for his feeder cattle. For those producers who hedge or use the cash forward contract. the main impact is in the basis. Now, a smaller basis (by about $3) should be used compared to what the producer used prior to cash settlement. Under the old delivery procedure. once a producer used the futures market as a hedge (sold a futures contract), there were two alternatives--either buy back the contract or delivery. If the contract was not "bot" back …

Profitability Of Feeding Cull Cows, Richard Shane, Wayne Ellington

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

The seasonal price pattern exhibited in the South Dakota cull cow market is one of low prices in the fall when most culling is done with increasing prices well into the following year. This pattern supports the assertion that cattle producers may improve profitability of their operations by feeding cull cows for several months rather than selling immediately at culling time. A dynamic programming model was used to determine the optimal strategy for marketing cull cows in South Dakota. The model systematically evaluated the sell now versus the hold and maintain or feed for gain strategies of the producer. Results …

G86-790 Fumigating Farm-Stored Grain With Aluminum Phosphide (Revised May 1998), Clyde Ogg, David L. Keith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides step-by-step instructions for fumigating stored grain on the farm with aluminum phosphide.

Fumigants act on all insect life stages. They control pests by diffusing through the air spaces between grain kernels as well as into the kernel itself. Fumigants are able to penetrate into places that are inaccessible to insecticide sprays or dusts.

Regardless of formulation, all fumigants are poisonous and toxic to humans and other warm-blooded animals as well as to insects and other pests. Because fumigant chemicals are highly toxic and hazardous to use, they are Restricted Use pesticides. They can only be used by …

Heg86-210 Being A 'Grand' Parent, Herbert G. Lingren

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide explores grandparenting, including the benefits derived from being a grandparent, suggestions on how to be a good grandparent, precautions to take when grandchildren come for a visit, and ways to have fun with grandchildren.

Grandparents Today

Approximately 75 percent of Americans over 65 have living grandchildren, according to a 1975 Harris poll. Most grandparents begin their role during middle age. The average age for becoming a grandmother is 46 and may be as early as 32. This means we need to set aside many outdated ideas about grandparent. They are active people. They do not necessarily get around …

G86-783 Complete Rations -- Should You Feed Them?, Foster G. Owen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the advantages and disadvantages of feeding complete rations to dairy herds.

Using the complete ration system for feeding dairy cows has become increasingly popular. Nutritionists generally consider it the ideal method of feeding dairy cattle. Milk production per cow can be maximized, and feed and labor costs minimized, with this system. However, the necessary equipment is expensive and may be excessive for loose-housed herds of less than 100 cows.

G86-797 Causes Of Vaccination-Immunization Failures In Livestock, Duane Rice, E. Denis Erickson, Dale Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses reasons why vaccinations fail to provide immunity against disease, and how to prevent this from happening.

To comprehend the many reasons for vaccine failure, it is important to understand how animals and humans have the ability to resist infectious diseases. It is also important to know what a disease is and how it affects the animal.

According to Stedman's Dictionary, disease is an interruption, cessation or disorder of body functions, systems or organs. Diseases may be obvious even to the untrained eye, or detectable only by sophisticated testing procedures (subclinical disease). Serious irreversible damage may be …

Ec86-113 A Guide For Planning And Analyzing A Year-Round Forage Program, Steven S. Waller, Lowell E. Moser, Bruce Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Efficient grazing management programs cannot succeed without proper stocing rates. However, proper stocking rate alone will not insure a successful grazing program. Successful grazing management only occurs when all factors affecting production are manipulated properly: season of use; kind, class, and/or combination of animals; grazing distribution; grazing program; fertilization; pest control; and water management as well as stocking rate. The following suggestions in this circular are a guide to initial planning of new pastures and the modification of existing grazing programs.

Mp51 Distillers Grains, Glen Aines, Terry Klopfenstein, Rick Stock

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

In the conventional production of alcohol from grain for fuel, byproducts are produced with excellent feeding value for ruminants. Appropriate use of these byproducts aids the efficient production of animals and enhances the economics of alcohol production. In the fermentation of corn to produce alcohol, the starch in the corn is converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide. The nutrients in the corn other than starch are concentrated about three times because corn is about two-thirds starch. Even though starch is high in energy, the one-third of the corn remaining in the byproduct after fermentation contains as much energy per pound …

G86-818 How To Use The Milk Progesterone Tests, Larry L. Larson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide discusses the basis for milk progesterone tests, using the test to confirm estrus, as an early indicator of pregnancy, and the availability and costs of kits. Milk progesterone test kits are now commercially available for on-farm use. Correct interpretation of the test results requires accurate estrous detection and good records. Properly used, these tests can help determine (1) if a cow is near estrus and potentially could conceive if bred, or (2) as an early indicator of pregnancy.

G86-775 Prussic Acid Poisoning, Norman Shcneider, Bruce Anderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Prussic acid poisoning and its treatment are discussed in this NebGuide, along with methods to reduce its occurrence.

Sudangrass, forage sorghum, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids are often used for summer pasture, green chop, hay, or silage. Under certain conditions, livestock consuming these feedstuffs may be poisoned by prussic acid (HCN).

Exposure to excessive prussic acid--also called hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen cyanide, or cyanide--can be fatal. However, producers can manage and feed their livestock to avoid problems with prussic acid.

G86-799 Health Management And Recommended Vaccinations For Dairy Replacements, Duane Rice, R. Gene White

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the importance of having a good vaccination schedule, and provides recommendations on which vaccinations to give, depending on variables. Correct management decisions are necessary to realize maximum returns on investments in any dairy operation. Dairymen sometimes assume there is a quick remedy for health problems, but the prevention of disease is by far less expensive. Preventing health problems in the dairy herd goes much further than using a veterinarian to treat individual animals with emergency problems. A veterinarian with experience and a genuine interest in dairy cattle is essential to assist the dairyman with herd health problems. …

Serosurvey For Selected Pathogens In Hunter-Killed Pronghorns In Western Nebraska, Jerre L. Johnson, T. Lynwood Barber, Merwin L. Frey, George Nason

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

Exposure of pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) in western Nebraska in 1983 to selected livestock pathogens was examined by serology and attempted virus isolation. Antibodies were present to the agents of bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. There were no serologic reactors to Brucella, and attempts to isolate the viruses of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease were negative.

Serologic Survey Of Selected Pathogens In White-Tailed And Mule Deer In Western Nebraska, Jerre L. Johnson, T. Lynwood Barber, Merwin L. Frey, George Nason

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

Exposure of free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in western Nebraska to selected livestock pathogens was determined by serology and attempted virus isolation. Antibodies to bluetongue virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus were present in both species of deer. No serologic reactors to Brucella or Anaplasma were found. Attempts to isolate bluetongue virus were negative.

G86-815 Reproductive Problems In Rams, Alan R. Doster, Dale M. Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Systematic examination of all males to be used for breeding can prevent reproductive failure, minimize nonpregnant ewes, and increase numbers of lambs born early during lambing season.

The importance of using only highly fertile, healthy rams in breeding programs cannot be overemphasized. This is especially true in the case of small producers where only one ram is required. The ram represents an often neglected part of sheep production.

G86-821 Weaned Pig Management And Nutrition (Revised August 1992), Duane Reese, Mike Brumm

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Temperature, space, health considerations, dietary nutrient allowances, feeding management and more are covered here. The weaning age of pigs farrowed in Nebraska is variable. While the average age at weaning is about four weeks, the range is from two to eight weeks. However, industry surveys indicate that more than 50 percent of the pigs in the United States are weaned at 28 days of age or earlier, with the majority weaned between three and four weeks of age. This trend towards earlier weaning is expected to continue with advances in management, housing, health and nutrition. Earlier weaning (under 28 days) …

4-H 224 Clothing: Level 2, Rose Marie Tondl

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

4-H 224 discusses clothing level 2.

G86-822 How To Estimate A Dairy Herd's Reproductive Losses, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Remedies for herd losses caused by calving interval, dry periods, A.I. performance, and age at first freshening.

One of the major areas of lost income to the dairy producer is in the reproductive performance of the dairy herd. These losses are often overlooked because they are indirect costs. If producers could be given a monthly bill indicating the amount of money that improper reproductive management has cost them, then drastic changes would occur.

The majority of reproductive losses occur in the following areas:

1. Calving interval too long or too short.

2. Dry period too long or too short.

3. …

South Dakota Farm And Home Research, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Farm and Home Research: 1949 -1998

Director’s Comment: An ear of corn, Oahe wheatgrass, and hidden messages. We hear you [p] 2
Winter calves need more: A little extra milk for diary calves in winter will be cheaper than losing a call [p] 3
Ridge-till, no –till: A tractor, a drill, a sprayer, a combine-perhaps the only equipment in your future [p] 7
Midwest mushroom: Scientists on staff at SDSU were one reason state’s newest crop sprang up near Brookings [p] 10
Cobs and grass: It takes 25 lb. of feed to produce 1 lb. of beef; you’d find just 5 of that edible [p] 12 …

Heg86-209 Farm And Ranch Family Living Expenses--Taking Control, Kathleen Prochaska-Cue

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes how families with an irregular income can control living expenses through use of a budget and cash flow plan.

Although farm and ranch family living levels have improved and become more comparable to nonfarm families, there will always be some important differences between these families with respect to managing the family living expenses. Income is irregular for many farm and ranch families and, in the past few years, has been insufficient to maintain the farm/ranch and family at a reasonable level of living. This guide is designed to help the farm or ranch family take control of …

G86-792 Spiders, David L. Keith, Stephen D. Danielson, Timothy P. Miller

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the most common species of spiders found in Nebraska, including the black widow and brown recluse, and how to control them.

General Description and Habits

Spiders can be distinguished easily from insects. All spiders have two major body regions and four pair of legs; insects have three body regions and three pair of legs. Spiders vary widely in color, shape, size, and habits. All produce venom that is poisonous to their normal prey. Few spiders are considered dangerous to humans, however. These animals are predacious by nature and use their venom, which is injected through hollow fangs …

G86-807 Where Do Weeds Come From?, John Furrer, Robert G. Wilson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses weed seed entry and loss from the soil, and provides examples of the density and diversity of the soil weed seed population. Weed Seed in the Soil Most weeds owe their beginning to seed in the soil. The soil acts as a seed storage reservoir and a growth medium for weedy plants. The kind or species and numbers of seed in the soil is closely linked to the cropping history of the land. Grasslands contain seed associated with grassland plants and cropland contains seed affiliated with weeds growing on cultivated land. Grasslands that have been cultivated and …

G86-794 Enterotoxemia In Lambs, Dale M. Grotelueschen, Duane N. Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods of this potentially fatal disease.

Enterotoxemia, which is also known as "overeating" or "pulpy kidney" disease, is a highly significant and costly disease problem for the sheep industry. Proper preventive practices are strongly recommended to sheep producers in order to avoid death loss from this disease.

The word "enterotoxemia" can be broken down into three parts that can be an aid in understanding the disease. The term "entero" refers to intestine; "tox" refers to toxin or poison; and "emia" refers to blood. Thus, from "intestinal toxin in the …

G86-795 Antibiotic Use In Animals, Duane N. Rice, E. Denis Erickson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides general guidelines about some of the problems that can occur when using antibiotics in treating animals.

Antibiotics are frequently used, and misused, by animal owners in an attempt to remedy disease problems. This use is encouraged by drug company sales efforts, economic pressures, and easy access to the products.

Improper use of antibiotics is costly, detrimental, and may result in: 1) delayed diagnosis; 2) ineffectiveness; 3) toxicity (poisoning); 4) allergic reactions; and 5) drug residue contamination of food animal products.

After evaluating possible benefits and risks, determining whether or not to use antibiotics for treatment depends on …

G86-825 Existing Buildings--Remodel Or Abandon?, Gerald R. Bodman, David P. Shelton

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Just because a building is there does not mean that remodeling is the best option. Here are ten factors of prime importance when deciding if a building is suitable for remodeling.

As livestock production enterprises change, many producers ask, "Should I remodel this building or abandon it and start over?" A sound answer requires careful evaluation of the intended use of the building being considered for remodeling. The immediate future and projected long range production goals must be considered. We've all read about successful remodeling projects, but few of us ever hear about the large number of remodeling projects that …

G86-820 How To Maximize Income By Managing Days Dry, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide discusses the benefits of maintaining the optimum calving interval and offers suggestions for accomplishing this reproductive management technique.

Most dairy producers are aware that an optimum calving interval is 365 days. This is a normal lactation length of 305 days with a dry period of 60 days. This interval is often looked at as a goal to strive toward rather than a goal that must be reached to maximize income from the sale of milk.

Continued Ddt Persistence In Mississippi River Delta Streams: A Case Study, Stephen A. Sewell, Luther A. Knight Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Fish samples representative of several trophic levels were taken from the Wolf and Loosahatchie Rivers of western Tennessee during the early 1980s. Results indicate that DDT, with metabolites DDD and DDE, remains common in fish tissues in these areas and approaches the levels recommended as maxima for human consumption by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Samples of top carnivores and forage fishes, particularly the gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedlanum, commonly exceeded 500 ppb DDE. The results are discussed in light of sediment disturbing activities.

Bulletin No 4101 - Flystrike - A Manual For Its Prevention And Control, N Monzu Dr

Bulletins 4000 -

The sheep blowfly is still regarded as the Australian sheep industry's most­damaging pest. Estimates of the cost to the industry, through production losses and prevention and control measures, exceed $ I 00 million in a year. This bulletin comprises the most relevant information available on:

• Blowfly types and life cycles

• Conditions predisposing sheep to flystrike

• The mechanism of flystrike

• Methods of preventing and controlling strike.

• Current research - including the development of a forecasting system for body strike.

Seed Rain Patterns During Early Recovery On A Strip-Mined Site In Southwestern Wyoming, Hal W. Gordon

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Revegetating surface-mined soils of the western United States is a major problem facing natural resource managers today. The Surface Mine Reclamation and Conservation Act (SMRCA, Public Law 95-87) requires that the opera tor: "… establish on the regraded areas, and all other lands affected, a diverse, effective and permanent vegetative cover of the same seasonal variety native to the area of land to be affected and capable of self-regeneration and plant succession at least equal in extent of cover to the natural vegetation of the area ... "

Historically, most of the coal produced in the U.S. came from the …