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Essays On Environmental Issues Associated With The Diary Production Region In Louisiana, Larry Michael Hall

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The Louisiana dairy production region (LDPR) is located in southeast Louisiana and includes five parishes (Tangipahoa, Washington, Livingston, St. Helena, and St. Tammany). It is home to approximately 90% of the state’s dairy industry and is a major contributor to nonpoint source pollution (NPS) in the area’s watershed through nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment effluents. While point source (PS) effluents are easily identified and subject to federal and state regulations, NPS mitigation efforts must address uncertainties such as location of the NPS as well as stochastic parameters such as rainfall and its effect on nutrient and sediment flow. This dissertation presents …

The Economic Importance And Management Of Mercury Contamination In Pelagic Fisheries, Tina Marie Willson

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The presence of mercury in the U.S. fish supply is a growing public health concern. At high levels, mercury can be harmful to humans and ecosystems, and represents a growing threat not only to public health, but also to the economic and ecological viability of many fisheries. This research examined the economic issues surrounding mercury contamination in fish, developed a population dynamics and bioeconomic model to investigate the problem, and compared a variety of management actions to reduce consumer exposure to contaminants. The dissertation begins with an overview of contamination issues in U.S. fisheries, including a review of the historical …

Mapping And Confirmation Of A New Allele At Rpp1 From Soybean Pi 594538a Conferring Rb Lesion–Type Resistance To Soybean Rust, Nanda Chakraborty, Joe Curley, Reid D. Frederick, D. L. Hyten, Randall L. Nelson, Glen L. Hartman, Brian W. Diers

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi (H. Sydow & Sydow), is a destructive soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] disease and identification of new resistance genes is essential for effective rust management. Our research objectives were to map and confirm the location of resistance gene(s) in PI 594538A using a population of 98 F_3:4 lines from across between PI 594538A (reddish-brown [RB] lesions) and the susceptible cultivar Loda (tan [TAN] lesions). The lines were inoculated with the P. pachyrhizi isolate ZM01-1 from Zimbabwe. The RB resistance in PI 594538A mapped on linkage group G as a single dominant gene. …

An Interaction Between Risk Perceptipton And Trust In Response To Food Safety Events Across Products And Regions, And Their Implicaitons For Agribusiness Firms, Jonathan D. Shepherd

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Food safety events receive substantial media coverage and can create devastating economics losses for agribusiness firms. It is unclear what factors influence consumers’ purchasing decisions before or after a food safety event occurs. The objectives of this study is to identify these factors that influence purchasing decisions, determine how consumers respond to hypothetical food safety events, and compare these findings across different products and geographical regions. The data for this research was obtained from two surveys. One survey concerned fresh produce while the second focused on meat products. The SPARTA model, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, is used …

Three Essays On Environmental Issues Associated With Broiler Production In Louisiana, Nirmala Adhikari Devkota

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The increasing trends of integrated and concentrated broiler production results in a serious threat to environment through excessive litter production and lack of its proper disposal. Production concentration in limited area is a major source of surface as well as ground water pollution. Nonpoint source pollution from broiler litter applied on land remains a major concern in Louisiana and elsewhere in Southeastern USA. This study examines alternative approaches to reduce pollution originating from broiler production. First, I evaluate why some producers adopt BMP faster than others and what kind of factors affect the time to adoption decision. The duration model …

The Effects Of Four Organic Soil Conditioners On Aggregate Stability, Pore Size Distribution, And Respiration Activity In A Sandy Loam Soil, Shokrollah Asghari, Mohammad Reza Neyshabouri, Fariborz Abbasi, Nasser Aliasgharzad, Shahin Oustan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In coarse-textured soils, low water and nutrient holding capacity due to the high number of macropores limits crop growth. To minimize these limitations the application of various soil conditioners (SCs) has been extensively used in recent decades. The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), cattle manure (M), vermicompost (VC), and biological sludge (BS) as organic SCs on mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, water aggregate stability (WAS), pore size distribution (PRSD), and respiration activity (RA) of a sandy loam soil. PAM (0.25 and 0.5 g kg^{-1} of air-dried soil), M (12.5 and 25 …

Development Of A Computerized Measurement System For In-Row Seed Spacing Accuracy, Okan Önal, İsmet Önal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The aim of this study was to develop a computerized measurement system (CMS) combined with a sticky belt test stand for examining in-row seed spacing distribution accuracy. For this purpose 8 performance parameters were selected for precision seeding: mean seed spacing, the standard deviation, the multiples index, the miss index, the quality of feed index, the precision, the population index, and the coefficient of precision (CP-3). The CMS hardware consisted of a high precision optical mouse coupled with a laser pointer and a notebook computer. The use of optical laser technology is a new method for the determination of seed …

Fumigant Toxicity Of Plant Essential Oils And Selected Monoterpenoid Components Against The Adult German Cockroach, Blattella Germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), Hasan Tunaz, Mehmet Kubi̇lay Er, Ali̇ Arda Işikber

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The fumigant toxicity of various essential oils and selected monoterpenoid components were tested against the adult German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Responses varied according to plant material, concentration, and exposure time. High insecticidal activity against adult B. germanica specimens was achieved with allyl isothiocyanate (component of horseradish) and the essential oil of Allium sativum (L.) (Liliales: Liliaceae) at the concentration of 2.5 and 5 \mul l^{-1} of air, respectively, while the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris (L.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), Oregano dubium (L.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), Allium cepa (L.) (Liliales: Liliaceae), and Rosemarinus officinalis (L.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), and the monoterpenoid …

Isolation And Functional Characterization Of Two Rapeseed Genes Orthologous To Arabidopsis Thaliana Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase 2, Yu Ni, Yan-Zhen Dong, Guan-Rong Li, Bo Lei, You-Rong Chai, Jia-Na Li

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 genes (BnPAL2-1 and BnPAL2-2) were isolated. The full-length cDNAs of BnPAL2-1 and BnPAL2-2 are 2422 bp and 2421 bp, with corresponding genomic sequences of 2735 bp and 2742 bp, respectively. Clues from NCBI BLAST, multi-alignment, the phylogenetic tree, conserved domains, preferential amino acids, and tertiary structures all indicated that they are orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana PAL2 (AtPAL2). The purified His-tagged BnPAL2-1 and BnPAL2-2 proteins, expressed in Escherichia coli, were both active for PAL catabolism, but BnPAL2-2 was much more active than BnPAL2-1. Southern blot analysis showed that the BnPAL2 subfamily might contain …

The Phylogenetic Relationship Between Populations Of Marginally And Sympatrically Located Pinus Halepensis Mill. And Pinus Brutia Ten. In Turkey, Based On The Its-2 Region, Cansu Özge Tozkar, Sertaç Önde, Zeki̇ Kaya

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) is a widespread and important forest tree species in Turkey, occurring mainly in southern, western, and northwestern Turkey, while the natural occurrence of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) is restricted to 2 locations and is found sympatrically with Turkish red pine. In the present study sympatric populations of both species from Muğla and Adana provinces in Turkey were sampled, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) region of ribosomal DNA was comparatively studied with sequence analysis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated 100% of total molecular variation between the species in Muğla province, versus only 50.65% …

Sesame Phyllody Disease: Its Symptomatology, Etiology, And Transmission In Pakistan, Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar, Ghulam Sarwar, Matthew Dickinson, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Ahsanul Haq, Sohail Hameed, Muhammad Javeed Iqbal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Phyllody is a serious disease of sesame in Pakistan. In the present study investigations were carried out on the symptomatology, etiology, and transmission of this disease. Floral virescence, phyllody, and proliferation are the most common symptoms. Sometimes these symptoms are accompanied by yellowing, cracking of seed capsules, germination of seeds in capsules, and formation of dark exudates on the foliage. Shoot apex fasciation has also been occasionally observed, but no phytoplasma DNA has been detected in fasciated plants using PCR assays. Light microscopy of hand-cut sections treated with Dienes' stain showed blue areas in the phloem region of phyllody-infected plants. …

Genetic Analysis Of Some Physical Properties Of Bread Wheat Grain (Triticum Aestivum L. Em Thell), Cemal Yücel, Faheem Shehzad Baloch, Hakan Özkan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Very little information exists on the relative genetic architecture of the grain physical properties of wheat. The physical properties of grain have a direct or indirect influence on the milling and baking quality of wheat. Therefore, understanding the inheritance of grain physical properties will be useful to improve varieties with better quality. Five bread wheat cultivars were crossed in order to evaluate the mode of inheritance and combining ability and the correlation of the grain's physical properties. Analysis of variance for combining ability showed that both additive and non-additive gene actions were involved in controlling most of the traits. Magnitudes …

The Biology And Fecundity Of The Citrus Red Mite Panonychus Citri (Mcgregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) At Different Temperatures Under Laboratory Conditions, İsmai̇l Kasap

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The developmental time and fecundity of Panonychus citri (McGregor 1916) (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Washington navel sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.) leaves were determined at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 10% RH, and a 16:8-h (L:D) photoperiod under laboratory conditions. Total development time of P. citri females was 37.2, 16.6, 12.2, 9.8, and 9.0 days at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1 °C, respectively. Total and daily egg production levels of P. citri were highest at 25 °C (25.6 and 2.1 eggs), followed by 20 °C (22.1 and 1.8 eggs) and 30 …

Development, Fecundity, And Prey Consumption Of Neoseiulus Californicus (Mcgregor) Fed Tetranychus Cinnabarinus Boisduval, Oktay Kuştutan, İbrahi̇m Çakmak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The development, fecundity, and prey consumption of the Aydın Neoseiulus californicus population (McGregor) feeding on Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval were studied in the laboratory at different temperatures, 65 ± 10% RH, and a 16 h L:8 h D cycle. The total development period (egg to adult) decreased linearly with increasing temperature (0.012 × T - 0.093; R^2 = 0.950). The total development threshold obtained from regression analysis was estimated to be 7.8 °C. Neoseiulus californicus required, on average, 83.3 DD to complete its development from egg to adult. Mean total and daily fecundity were highest at 25 °C, and were statistically …

Influence Of Temperature On Life Table Parameters Of The Predaceous Mite Euseius Finlandicus (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), İsmai̇l Kasap

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study determined the differences in development time, survival, and fecundity of Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) when feeding on Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) together with birch pollen at 16, 20, 25, and 30 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 10% RH, and 16:8 photoperiod under laboratory conditions. Total development times for E. finlandicus were 29.48, 18.15, 7.28, and 5.90 days for females and 28.16, 17.54, 7.03, and 5.81 days for males at 16, 20, 25, and 30 ± 1 °C, respectively. Total egg production was highest (30.53 eggs) at 25 °C, whereas daily egg production was highest (1.80 eggs) …

Forage Yield Stability Of Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.) Genotypes In The Çukurova And Gap Regions Of Turkey, Celal Yücel, Hati̇ce Hizli, Hüseyi̇n Kansur Firincioğlu, Abdullah Çi̇l, Adem Emi̇n Anlarsal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Improving forage production for an expanding livestock population is essential in the Çukurova and GAP (South-eastern Anatolia Project) regions of Turkey. Feed shortages, especially evident during winter, can be alleviated by introducing high yielding common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) cultivars into crop rotations. The objectives of this research were to determine the genotype x environment interactions and stability parameters for hay yield of 15 vetch lines and cultivars. The vetch genotypes were evaluated in the Çukurova (2 locations for 3 years) and South-eastern Anatolia (1 location for 2 years) regions. In the South-eastern Anatolia region, the rainfall limits plant growth, …

Microbial Biomass And Enzyme Activity In Vineyard Soils Under Organic And Conventional Farming Systems, Nur Okur, Ahmet Altindi̇şli̇, Muzaffer Çengel, Selçuk Göçmez, Hüseyi̇n Hüsnü Kayikçioğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Many recent studies from around the world have compared organic and conventional farming systems in terms of soil properties. Microbial biomass and enzyme activity were compared in vineyard soils managed by organic and conventional practices under Mediterranean conditions during the growing. Organic treatments were (i) green manure and farmyard manure at the rate of 30 t ha^{-1} (GM1), (ii) green manure and farmyard manure at the rate of 10 t ha^{-1}, plus E2001 EM Bio-polymer gel solution (GM2), and (iii) green manure plus E2001 EM Bio-polymer gel solution (GM3). Only mineral fertilizers and pesticides were used in the conventional system …

The Physico-Chemical And Microbiological Properties Of Wheat Flour In Thrace, Ali̇ Aydin, Peter Paulsen, Frans Johannes M. Smulders

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The physico-chemical and microbiological properties of wheat flour samples (type 650) obtained from 7 different locations in the Thrace region (Turkey) were assessed. Totally 142 wheat flour samples were analysed physico-chemically in terms of ash, moisture, fat acidity, and protein amounts, and microbiologically in terms of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, moulds, rope-spore counts, and Salmonella spp. In the physico-chemical parameters investigated, only the ash levels of flour samples were higher than the limit laid down in the Turkish Food Codex and Codex Alimentarius. In some locations, the levels of TMAB, E. coli, and …

Effect Of Superparasitism On The Development Of The Solitary Parasitoid Chelonus Oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Hi̇lal Tunca, Neşet Kilinçer

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The egg-larval parasitoid Chelonus oculator Panzer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid. The effect of superparasitism on the development of C. oculator was investigated on a host, Cadra cautella Walker (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) at 25 °C, 60%-70% R.H., and 16:8 h (L:D) photoperiod. The development time of C. oculator from egg to adult was related to parasitism level from 42.5 ± 0.19 days under single parasitism to 48.4 ± 0.57 days under triple parasitism. The emergence rate of the parasitoid decreased as the parasitism level increased. In addition, the dry mass of adult parasitoid was significantly affected by the superparasitism. …

Putative Agents Of Fig Mosaic Disease In Turkey, Kadri̇ye Çağlayan, Vicente Medina, Mona Gazel, Çi̇ğdem U. Serçe, Luis Serrano, Angeles Achon, Soner Soylu, Oğuzhan Çalişkan, Mustafa Gümüş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Leaves from 58 fig tree accessions showing different severity of mosaic and necrotic symptoms were collected in 2 different regions of Turkey and analysed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and RT-PCR to determine putative causal agents of fig mosaic disease (FMD). Ultrastructural studies showed that double membrane-bound bodies (DMBs) were mainly observed in the parenchyma and mesophyll cells of infected leaves of the cultivars Göklop and Morgüz and some seedlings showing only mosaic symptoms. These bodies were surrounded by a fibrillar matrix in most of the infected cells. Long, flexuous rod-shaped virus-like particles (LFPs) were also observed in vascular tissues …

Variation In Resistance To Marine Borers In Commercial Timbers From Turkey, As Assessed By Marine Trial And Laboratory Screening, Hüseyi̇n Si̇vri̇kaya, Simon M. Cragg, Luisa M. S. Borges

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Commercial timbers from Turkey used in coastal construction and boat building were tested for their resistance to marine wood-boring invertebrates in a marine trial and in a laboratory screening test. The timbers tested were beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky), oak (Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl.), chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The marine trial was conducted over a period of 5 months at Mersin on the southern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Activity by teredinid (Mollusca, Bivalvia) borers during this period was very high, resulting in the maximum rating of 4 on the EN 275 scale for P. sylvestris …

Antibiotic Use In Animal Production: Environmental Concerns, Teshome H. Regassa, Richard K. Koelsch, Charles S. Wortmann, Richard F. Randle, Akwasi A. Abunyewa

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Introduction

Antibiotic1 use in animal production has led to improved feed use efficiency and increased growth rates. In turn, these resulted in reduced food production costs and reduced excrement of manure nutrients which may cause pollution problems.

On the other hand, antibiotic use leads to antibiotic resistance and a possible reduction in effectiveness of treatment options for both animals and humans. This publication addresses these issues.

Disease-causing microorganisms2, including bacteria,are the most diverse and numerous organisms on earth. Diverse in their habitat, environmental adaptation, and mechanisms of reproduction, they have short generations with high multiplication rates. Such characteristics help develop …

Geology And Wine In Missouri: Spatial Analysis Of Terroir Using A Geographic Information System And Remote Sensing, Kathryn Nora Barnard

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The concept of terroir, based on the French word meaning 'sense of place,' suggests that flavor and quality of wine is associated with certain physical characteristics of the earth as well as viticulture and viniculture practices. The physical characteristics of terroir include soil, geology, topography, and climate. Designated American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) are discrete appellations in the United States that have well-established and historic viticultural practices, but the relationship between terroir and AVA appellations is complex. Wineries are a growing industry in the United States and the use of a GIS and remote sensing has proved useful in many other …

Symbiotic Effects Of The Fungus Glomus Sp. On Chromium(Iii), Chromium(Vi), And Lead(Ii) Uptake By Mesquite (Prosopis Sp.): A Novel Method To Remediate Heavy Metals, Jack A. Arias

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The indiscriminate disposal of lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) containing wastes has resulted in a detrimental impact on environmental health. Lead and Cr are in the EPA priority list due to their degree of toxicity on humans, animals, plants, and other living organisms. The removal of toxic wastes involves technologies that are expensive, sometimes incomplete, and could represent health hazards. In addition, site restoration after contaminant removal encompasses time and technological resources. Phytoremediation, the use of plants alone or associated with microorganisms, represents a potentially cost-effective option in the long term management of contaminated sites. Various plants known as "hyperaccumulators" …

Farming Systems Education: Case Study Of Swedish Test Pilots, Lennart Salomonsson, Anna Nilsson, Sofia Palmer, Adam Roigart, Charles A. Francis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

We describe and analyze a pedagogical experiment that introduced a broad and holistic perspective on complete farming systems, systemic learning tools, and a participatory learning strategy at an early stage in agronomy education. The paper describes the adventure of three students, who came from a conventional agronomy program at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), who were frustrated with the lack of integrated approaches to the study of agricultural systems and a strong focus on molecular-level processes in their first year of education. They encountered a narrow focus in most courses and the overall curricula of agricultural education that …

Evaluating The Effects Of Organic And Conventional Inputs On Soil Chemical And Biological Properties In A Four-Year Vegetable Rotation And The Investigation Of Soil Microbial Properties On Plant Gene Expression, Audrey Law

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of conventional inputs on soil chemical and biological properties compared to organic systems in a four year vegetable rotation. Tillage and cover crops were the same in all treatments to avoid confounding factors often present in similar research. Additional experiments investigated plant gene expression in organic and conventional management systems and in soils with decreased microbial diversity. Experimental plots were prepared in the spring of 2004; four replications of three management treatments, organic, low-input and conventional, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The rotation consisted of edamame soybean, …

A High-Oleic-Acid And Low-Palmitic-Acid Soybean: Agronomic Performance And Evaluation As A Feedstock For Biodiesel, George L. Graef, Bradley J. Lavallee, Patrick Tenopir, Mustafa Tat, Bruce Schweiger, Anthony J. Kinney, Jon H. Van Gerpen, Thomas E. Clemente

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Phenotypic characterization of soybean event 335-13, which possesses oil with an increased oleic acid content (> 85%) and reduced palmitic acid content (< 5%), was conducted across multiple environments during 2004 and 2005. Under these conditions, the stability of the novel fatty acid profile of the oil was not influenced by environment. Importantly, the novel soybean event 335-13 was not compromised in yield in both irrigated and non-irrigated production schemes. Moreover, seed characteristics, including total oil and protein, as well as amino acid profile, were not altered as a result of the large shift in the fatty acid profile. The novel oil trait was inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion. The event 335-13 was also evaluated as a feedstock for biodiesel. Extruded oil from event 335-13 produced a biodiesel with improved cold flow and enhanced oxidative stability, two critical fuel parameters that can limit the utility of this renewable transportation fuel.

Ard News December 2008

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

Contents:

Comments from the Dean Gary Cunningham
Undergraduate Honors Research Program
David H. and Annie E. Larrick/William G. Whitmore Funds, 2009
Mussehl Endowment
New or Revised Projects September and October 2008
Proposals Submitted for Federal Grants September and October 2008
Grants and Contracts Received for September and October 2008

Extended Visions, November/December 2008

Extended Visions Newsletter (ARDC)

Contents:
ARDC FEATURE UNIT - Feedmill
About the People
Mill Provides Feedstuffs for Research Projects
Ag Learning at the Festival
Eastern Nebraska Goat Workshop
Look to the Sky.... Observatory Offers Public Viewing Night - Nov. 7
Nebraska Cattlemen Visit the ARDC
Mead Magnet School
Click on the red barn and help out FFA!
UNL Representative helps Mead Students Discover Career Possibilities
Nebraska Soybean Day and Machinery Expo
Reverse Trade Mission
Saunders County Exhibitors Win Top Honors at Ak-sar-ben
The Clover Corner - What’s Going On With 4-H...
2008 Summer Field Days Results....
Utilizing Cornstalks and Other Crop Residue to Manage …

College Of Agricultural Sciences And Natural Resources, 15th Annual Report August 1, 2007-July 31, 2008

College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (CASNR): Annual Reports

Contents
Introduction 3 • Dedication 5 • Administration and Staff 6 • Academic Unit Administrators 6 • CASNR Standing Committees 7 • Faculty Advisory Council 7 • Student Advising Improvement Committee 8 • Teaching and Learning Improvement Council 9 • Scholarship and Graduation with Distinction Committee 9 • Curriculum Committee 10 • Teaching Faculty 11 • Faculty Meetings 11 • New Faculty or Faculty with New Appointments 11 • Retirements 12 • Faculty Awards 12 • Departmental News and Events 14 • Agricultural Economics 15 • Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communication 18 • Agronomy and Horticulture 20 • Animal Science …