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Animal Bones From Iron Age And Mamluk-Period Contexts In Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 129–144), Nimrod Marom
Animal Bones From Iron Age And Mamluk-Period Contexts In Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 129–144), Nimrod Marom
'Atiqot
The excavations at Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat yielded a small assemblage of animal bones from Iron II contexts and a medium-sized sample of bones from a Mamluk building. The Iron II sample indicates a non-specialized economy, probably practiced by town-dwellers, alongside sporadic hunting. The Mamluk-period faunal remains attest to a husbandry regime, as well as hunting. The zooarchaeological finds from the Mamluk period suggest the presence of high-status individuals, either Christian pilgrims on their way to Nazareth or itinerant Muslim elites on a hunting foray.
Iron Age, Persian–Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine And Crusader–Mamluk-Period Remains At Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat In Lower Galilee (Pp. 65–114), Yardenna Alexandre
Iron Age, Persian–Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine And Crusader–Mamluk-Period Remains At Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat In Lower Galilee (Pp. 65–114), Yardenna Alexandre
'Atiqot
The excavation at Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat unearthed remains from Iron Age II and the late Persian–early Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Crusader, Mamluk and Ottoman periods. The main findings are from Iron Age II and the Crusader–Mamluk periods. During Iron Age IIA, a small, possibly fortified, town was established on the hilltop, continuing into Iron IIB, with some evidence of a destruction or abandonment, and new buildings were erected in Iron IIC. The Iron IIA–C pottery at the site spans the tenth–seventh centuries BCE. A Mamluk-period building, with an earlier phase in the Crusader period, included pottery, glass vessels and a few coins …
The Pottery Neolithic Settlement At Tel Yosef (Tell Esh-Sheikh Ḥasan) (Pp. 1–27), Karen Covello-Paran
The Pottery Neolithic Settlement At Tel Yosef (Tell Esh-Sheikh Ḥasan) (Pp. 1–27), Karen Covello-Paran
'Atiqot
The Neolithic site of Tel Yosef, located at the foot of the Gilbo‘a Mountains, is an important addition to the densely populated Harod and Bet She’an Valleys during the Pottery Neolithic period. Three strata were excavated and assigned to the PPNC/Early Pottery Neolithic (Stratum III), Early Pottery Neolithic (Stratum II) and Late Pottery Neolithic (Stratum I) periods. In Stratum III, both rectilinear and curvilinear buildings were found, whereas in Stratum II, the buildings were exclusively rectilinear. The architectural remains in Strata III and II are evidence of site organization and village planning. The site was abandoned in the late fifth …
Front Matter, Editorial Board
Khirbat Burin: Rural Life During The Crusader And Mamluk Periods In The Eastern Sharon Plain (Pp. 145–217), Yael Gorin-Rosen
Khirbat Burin: Rural Life During The Crusader And Mamluk Periods In The Eastern Sharon Plain (Pp. 145–217), Yael Gorin-Rosen
'Atiqot
The glass vessels from Khirbat Burin are mainly dated to the Mamluk period. The pre-Mamluk glass vessels are common types of the Late Roman, Byzantine and Early Islamic periods, known from other sites in the region. Meager diagnostic remains of a glass industry were found at the site as well, including glass debris and small chunks of raw glass, probably dating to the Late Roman and early Byzantine periods. The well-dated group of Mamluk vessels is rather heterogeneous, presenting a wide range of vessel types, including decorated vessels with marvered trails and a vessel with remains of enamel painting. The …
Petrographic Results Of Selected Chalcolithic Pottery Vessels From Ḥorbat Nevallaṭ (Pp. 137–140), Anat Cohen-Weinberger
Petrographic Results Of Selected Chalcolithic Pottery Vessels From Ḥorbat Nevallaṭ (Pp. 137–140), Anat Cohen-Weinberger
'Atiqot
Multiple vessel types were analyzed petrographically, including bowls, cornets, pithoi and jars. The analyzed pottery was arranged into three petrographic groups: Group A, of local clay, comprised most of the assemblage; one jar was made of marl of the nearby Moẓa Formation (Group B); and one holemouth jar was identified as the Moẓa Formation clay member (Group C). The petrographic data widens our understanding of cultural interconnections and exchange patterns during the Chalcolithic period.
Ḥorbat Nevallaṭ: A Chalcolithic Habitation Site And Agricultural Installations In The Shephelah Foothills (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar And Deborah A. Sklar-Parnes, And By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Pp. 1–87), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Dorit Lazar
Ḥorbat Nevallaṭ: A Chalcolithic Habitation Site And Agricultural Installations In The Shephelah Foothills (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar And Deborah A. Sklar-Parnes, And By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Pp. 1–87), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Dorit Lazar
'Atiqot
Excavations at the site revealed the remains of a Chalcolithic broadroom building and adjacent activity areas, which were used for processing agricultural produce and the storing thereof. Two karstic caves were used intermittently during the Chalcolithic period and Early Bronze Age I for domestic and burial purposes. Also uncovered was a single shaft tomb, dating from the Intermediate Bronze Age, various rock-cut installations and three limekilns. The Chalcolithic habitation remains date from around 4000 BCE, based on two calibrated Carbon-14 readings of carbonized olive stones. Finds recovered from the surface and in unassociated contexts point to sporadic occupation at this …
Late Byzantine And Early Islamic Bathhouse Remains And Vestiges Of Earlier Periods At Azor (With A Contribution By Raz Kletter) (Pp. 73–124), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Lev Kapitaikin, Yehudah Rapuano
Late Byzantine And Early Islamic Bathhouse Remains And Vestiges Of Earlier Periods At Azor (With A Contribution By Raz Kletter) (Pp. 73–124), Edwin C.M. Van Den Brink, Lev Kapitaikin, Yehudah Rapuano
'Atiqot
Excavations at Azor revealed architectural remains of a bathhouse that functioned over a long timespan, extending from the late Byzantine (fifth–first third of the seventh centuries CE) to the Early Islamic (ninth century CE) periods. The finds include plastered and tiled walls, hypocaust remains, cement water conduits, segments of clay pipes and ceramic tiles. These bathhouse remains are an important addition to the few known ancient bathhouses within the greater Tel Aviv area from this period. Sporadic finds recovered from fills point to the likely presence of a late EB I settlement and an Iron I–II occupation, including two cult …
A Milestone Station In The Bet Neṭofa Valley, North Of Ẓippori, And Its Place In The Roman Imperial Road System In The Galilee (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–24*; English Summary, Pp. 163–165), Yotam Tepper
'Atiqot
A salvage excavation in the western Bet Neṭofa Valley exposed a square foundation, three large stone bases and three milestones. The three milestones are inscribed in Latin and seem to have been erected along a road that ran from north to south in two main phases: during the days of Hadrian (120 CE and 130 CE), and later, during the reign of Constantine (333–337 CE). The stone-built foundation dates to the fourth century CE. One of its stones bore a worn relief of an animal, probably a lion in profile. Its location beside the road suggests that it was a …
Five Incised Stone Slabs From Maresha (Pp. 45–60), Yael Young
Five Incised Stone Slabs From Maresha (Pp. 45–60), Yael Young
'Atiqot
A group of five fragmentary stone slabs, each bearing incised or engraved figures, was unearthed within Subterranean Complex 57 at Maresha in the Judean Shephelah. The incisions belong to two categories based on their composition: arbitrary (i.e., graffito art) or planned. It is difficult to attribute graffito-art to a specific period on stylistic grounds alone; however, based on comparisons with graffito art previously documented at the site and its vicinity, the slabs probably date to the Hellenistic period (third or second centuries BCE).
Burial Caves From The Intermediate Bronze, Middle Bronze And Iron Ages At Nazareth (Pp. 1–44), Yardenna Alexandre
Burial Caves From The Intermediate Bronze, Middle Bronze And Iron Ages At Nazareth (Pp. 1–44), Yardenna Alexandre
'Atiqot
Four partially preserved burial caves (A–D) were excavated near the Church of the Annunciation in the center of Nazareth. All the caves comprised a vertical shaft and a central burial chamber, hewn in the Intermediate Bronze Age and reused in the transitional Middle Bronze Age I–II. Cave D was reused in the Iron Age after a long chronological gap. The burial caves contained large quantities of pottery, some metal artifacts and a few other small finds.
Tiberias, Aviv Hotel: Domestic And Industrial Pottery From The Abbasid And Crusader Periods (Pp. 193–216), Edna J. Stern
Tiberias, Aviv Hotel: Domestic And Industrial Pottery From The Abbasid And Crusader Periods (Pp. 193–216), Edna J. Stern
'Atiqot
This article presents the pottery from the Abbasid and Crusader periods uncovered in Area B of the Aviv Hotel excavations in Tiberias. The site is situated within the precincts of the Abbasid town, but outside the walled city of the Crusader period. The Abbasid-period assemblage consists mainly of types well-known in Tiberias, reinforcing other evidence concerning pottery production in Tiberias during this period. The pottery from the Crusader period (mid-twelfth–early thirteenth centuries CE) includes glazed bowls from the Aegean region, and possibly cooking ware and glazed bowls from Beirut. Among the imported glazed bowls are two examples of broad-incised sgraffito, …
Statues From The Eastern Circus At Caesarea Maritima (Pp. 141–159), Rivka Gersht
Statues From The Eastern Circus At Caesarea Maritima (Pp. 141–159), Rivka Gersht
'Atiqot
Fragments of four statues were uncovered during the 2001–2004 excavations in the Eastern Circus at Caesarea. These were clearly part of the decoration scheme of the spina. Three of the fragments are of human figures—two belong to draped female figures—and the fourth is a fragment of an animal (a bull?). This article attempts to interpret each of the sculpted images within the environment of the circus. It appears that the Eastern Circus was affluently decorated, in accordance with the findings from other circuses throughout the Roman Empire.
The Fauna From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 93–104), Nimrod Marom
The Fauna From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 93–104), Nimrod Marom
'Atiqot
The small faunal assemblage from Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat contains a diverse assortment of bones that were affected by subaerial weathering. A high frequency of cattle was noticed for the Roman strata, suggesting that the economy of the settlement focused on agricultural production. During the transition to the early Byzantine period, a shift was observed, whence sheep and goats became more dominant than cattle, possibly due to an economic shift from agricultural production to a consumption economy that relied on sheep and goats for meat. In the latest occupation at the site, three camel mandibles were found, exhibiting burning patterns that could …
Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat In The Late Hellenistic, Roman And Byzantine Periods (Pp. 1–68), Yardenna Alexandre
Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat In The Late Hellenistic, Roman And Byzantine Periods (Pp. 1–68), Yardenna Alexandre
'Atiqot
At the site, located near Shefar’am in the Lower Galilee, six architectural strata (VI–I) were discerned. Their dates range from the late Hellenistic to the late Byzantine/Early Islamic periods. During the late Hellenistic period (Hasmonean period; second century BCE), there was a small village at the site, which was possibly settled by Judean colonizers. The finds from the Early Roman period include Kefar Ḥananya wares and a few chalkstone vessel fragments, which hint at the Jewish identity of the inhabitants. In the Middle Roman period (third–fourth centuries CE), there was renewed activity at the site; the pottery forms, including Kefar …
A Greek Inscription From The Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Pp. 121–126), Leah Di Segni
A Greek Inscription From The Church At Ḥorbat Ḥadat (Pp. 121–126), Leah Di Segni
'Atiqot
A three-line Greek inscription was uncovered in the church at Ḥorbat Ḥadat, set within the mosaic pavement of the nave, at the foot of the bema. The inscription includes a unique quotation from Psalms and an invocation to Christ. The inscription is dated to the fifth century CE, most likely in its second half, based on the shape of the letters.
Ḥorbat ‘Illin Taḥtit: A Late Early Bronze Age Ia–B Settlement In The Bet Shemesh Region (Pp. 1–46), Ron Be’Eri, Yitzhak Paz, Nuha Agha, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Ariel Vered
Ḥorbat ‘Illin Taḥtit: A Late Early Bronze Age Ia–B Settlement In The Bet Shemesh Region (Pp. 1–46), Ron Be’Eri, Yitzhak Paz, Nuha Agha, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Ariel Vered
'Atiqot
The excavation conducted at Ḥorbat ‘Illin Taḥtit (Lower) revealed the fringes of the previously excavated Early Bronze Age settlement at the site. A large residential structure, comprising two adjoining rooms and a large courtyard, was uncovered, as well as another, partially preserved structure, which was separated from it by an alleyway. Almost all the excavation loci contained a mixture of EB IA and EB IB pottery types. A small assemblage of knapped flint artifacts was unearthed; they were well-preserved and homogenous in composition. The small assemblage of faunal remains points to an economy based on sheep, goat and cattle. The …
Fauna Remains From The Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 57*–62*; English Summary, P. 276), Nimrod Marom
Fauna Remains From The Marketplace At Khan Et-Tujjar (Hebrew, Pp. 57*–62*; English Summary, P. 276), Nimrod Marom
'Atiqot
The salvage excavation near Khan et-Tujjar yielded a small assemblage of animal bones originating in the marketplace that operated at the site from the late Mamluk to the late Ottoman periods. The assemblage is too small to draw conclusions regarding meat consumption at the Khan et-Tujjar marketplace; however, it seems that most of the meat came from cattle and sheep. Several vertebrae exhibit a split along their length, indicating carving by an expert butcher.
The Fauna Remains From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 251–262), Dana Shtainberg Finali, Ram Bouchnick
The Fauna Remains From Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 251–262), Dana Shtainberg Finali, Ram Bouchnick
'Atiqot
This report presents the fauna remains from Naḥal ‘Anava, Modi‘in, retrieved from the Byzantine-period ashlar building and the Umayyad-period farmhouse. The bone assemblage from Modi‘in is dominated by numerous bone fragments, probably indicating slaughterhouse waste. The low number of cattle is remarkable, indicating local agriculture ruled by caprine herds and derived produce, e.g., milk and wool, as well as a small number of pig bones, probably indicating the ethnicity of the ancient inhabitants, either Jews or Muslims.
A Byzantine Rural Complex With An Olive Press And An Umayyad Farmhouse On The Banks Of NahׅAl ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 199–240), Avraham S. Tendler, Hagit Torge
A Byzantine Rural Complex With An Olive Press And An Umayyad Farmhouse On The Banks Of NahׅAl ‘Anava, Modi‘In (Pp. 199–240), Avraham S. Tendler, Hagit Torge
'Atiqot
The excavations on the banks of Nahׅal ‘Anava, Modi‘in, unearthed the remains of a Byzantine (sixth century CE) rural agricultural estate, comprising an olive press installed in a natural cave and an ashlar building, and a later Umayyad-period farmhouse (seventh to mid-eighth centuries CE). The pottery finds reflect three architectural phases: the Byzantine-period construction phase; the collapse of the cave’s ceiling and destruction of the installations; and the Umayyad-period farmhouse.
Evidence Of A Late Byzantine Period Earthquake And A Monastic Stable At ‘Avedat (Oboda) (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen) (Pp. 153–197), Tali Erickson-Gini
Evidence Of A Late Byzantine Period Earthquake And A Monastic Stable At ‘Avedat (Oboda) (With A Contribution By Yael Gorin-Rosen) (Pp. 153–197), Tali Erickson-Gini
'Atiqot
Three excavation areas were opened in ‘Avedat National Park, revealing important evidence regarding the effects of earthquakes on the Byzantine-period occupation at the site. In Area B, near the South Church, rooms were added on the exterior of an earlier building in the early fifth century CE, next to a heavy revetment wall. The exterior of a wall covered with red-painted (dipiniti) Christian motifs was uncovered in front of a cave, pointing to its use as a stable by a monastic community. It seems that this wall underwent structural damage, probably due to the early fifth-century CE earthquake. The site …
Byzantine- And Umayyad-Period Structures Near The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader(Pp. 61–109), Moshe Hartal
Byzantine- And Umayyad-Period Structures Near The Pools Of ‘Ein El-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader(Pp. 61–109), Moshe Hartal
'Atiqot
A salvage excavation conducted east of the hot water pools of ‘Ein el-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader, revealed building remains, comprising mosaic floors and flagstone-paved plazas, dating from the end of the Late Roman (Stratum 4), Byzantine (Stratum 3) and Umayyad (Stratum 2) periods. The buildings were apparently destroyed in the earthquake of 749 CE. The site was reoccupied in the ninth century CE, during the Abbasid period (Stratum 1). It seems that the structures and the plaza served the patrons of the hot springs, possibly as dressing rooms and as therapy spaces.
A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker
A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker
'Atiqot
Remains of a Roman-period mausoleum were exposed, comprising a central room flanked by three loculi on each side. A clay coffin was found in oneloculus, containing a single burial of a 15–25-year-old individual accompanied by an unusual combination of burial goods—oil lamps and glass vessels—that do not align clearly with either Jewish or pagan burial practices.
Early Bronze Age I Fauna Remains From Ashqelon Afridar, Area N (Pp. 35–38), Miriam Pines
Early Bronze Age I Fauna Remains From Ashqelon Afridar, Area N (Pp. 35–38), Miriam Pines
'Atiqot
An assemblage of 31 bones was recovered from Early EB I strata at Ashqelon Afridar, Area N. It displays similar characteristics to previous bone samples retrieved from the site. Age-at-death and body-part analysis revealed that the animals were butchered at all ages and utilized for different purposes.
Excavations On The Southwestern Margins Of Giv‘Ati Parking Lot, Jerusalem: Markers Of Byzantine–Early Islamic Transition (Pp. 303–338), Yana Tchekhanovets
Excavations On The Southwestern Margins Of Giv‘Ati Parking Lot, Jerusalem: Markers Of Byzantine–Early Islamic Transition (Pp. 303–338), Yana Tchekhanovets
'Atiqot
The small-scale excavation on the southwestern margins of Giv‘ati Parking Lot exposed important findings dating to the transition between the Byzantine and Early Islamic periods. A flagstone-paved street dating from the Byzantine period was exposed, representing one of the major thoroughfares of Jerusalem that served an important pilgrimage route. This street ceased to exist at the beginning of the Early Islamic period when the function of the area changed from residential to industrial. The remains of a small-scale metallurgical workshop, including numerous copper alloy fragments, metal slags, pottery crucible fragments and large amounts of ash, were dated to the Umayyad …
“(Work) Of Cilo”: An Impression Of A Roman-Period Private Stamp From The Western Wall Tunnels (Pp. 239–255), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Rachel Bar-Nathan, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Leah Di Segni
“(Work) Of Cilo”: An Impression Of A Roman-Period Private Stamp From The Western Wall Tunnels (Pp. 239–255), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Rachel Bar-Nathan, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Leah Di Segni
'Atiqot
A fragment of a clay roof tile bearing the name Cilo was discovered in the Western Wall Tunnels, west of the Herodian Temple Mount. This impression joins other private stamps of the Late Roman period (second and third/early fourth century CE) previously found in Jerusalem and its environs. The private stamps of the Roman period may be attributed to private workshops that operated in Aelia Capitolina after production ceased in the military workshop at Binyene Ha-Umma.
A Herodian-Period Staircase On Mount Zion, Jerusalem, And A Reevaluation Of The Remainsfrom Bishop Gobat School (Pp. 89–128), Amit Re’Em
'Atiqot
The excavation near Bishop Gobat School on Mount Zion exposed findings, which together with information gleaned from previous nearby excavations, permits a renewed discussion of three principal elements: a stairway, a dump and the ‘Rock Scarp of Zion.’ This article presents insights and suggestions regarding the existence of a stepped path that led to a gate in the First Wall; the identification of the dump that sealed the stairway as the Roman siege ramp that was piled up to besiege Jerusalem; and the dating of the ‘Rock Scarp of Zion’ to the Crusader/Ayyubid period, the twelfth to thirteenth centuries CE.
Animal Bone Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (Pp. 49–56), Nimrod Marom
Animal Bone Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (Pp. 49–56), Nimrod Marom
'Atiqot
The Middle Bronze Age II burial cave at Beit Ṣafafa yielded a small assemblage of animal bones. At least nine different animals were documented, all adult at death. The remains of the funerary deposits are typical of MB II in their exclusive use of caprine offerings. The bones provide additional data concerning animal offerings that accompanied interments in the Middle Bronze Age.
“Jerusalem Ivories”: Iron Age Decorated Ivory Panels From Building 100, Giv‘Ati Parking Lot Excavations, And Their Cultural Setting (Pp. 57–74), Reli Avisar, Yiftah Shalev, Harel Shochat, Yuval Gadot, Ido Koch
“Jerusalem Ivories”: Iron Age Decorated Ivory Panels From Building 100, Giv‘Ati Parking Lot Excavations, And Their Cultural Setting (Pp. 57–74), Reli Avisar, Yiftah Shalev, Harel Shochat, Yuval Gadot, Ido Koch
'Atiqot
This preliminary report presents an assemblage of ivory items found in the precincts of the City of David National Park in Jerusalem. Such prestigious ivory items have only been found in prominent cities, such as Late Bronze Age Megiddo and Iron Age Samaria, where they originated in buildings recognized as part of palatial complexes. These items are the first of their kind to be found in Jerusalem, revealing the wealth of Jerusalem’s elite on the eve of the city’s destruction in 586 BCE. The findings shed light on the cultural and economic role of the city’s elite in the “global” …
Human Skeletal Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (Pp. 47–48), Yossi Nagar
Human Skeletal Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (Pp. 47–48), Yossi Nagar
'Atiqot
Poorly preserved human skeletal remains were found in the Middle Bronze Age II burial cave at Beit Ṣafafa. The bones were found scattered precluding a reconstruction of the original posture of the interred. Basic anthropological parameters, such as the minimum number of individuals (MNI) and age at death, were estimated.