Digital Commons Network^™

Research Progress On The Application Of Composite Hydrogel In Food, Wang Shao-Qing, Mu Ming-Wei, Zhang Bo, Deng Na, Wang Jian-Hui

Food and Machinery

At present, most hydrogels used in the food industry are natural polymers, with poor mechanical properties and high moisture content, which is easy to be contaminated by microorganisms, making it difficult to meet the use needs. In recent years, new composite hydrogels loaded with active substances prepared from natural and synthetic polymers or modified natural polymers have been increasingly used in the food field..Starting from the preparation method of composite hydrogels, this paper introduces its application status in food packaging materials, fat and starch substitution, bioactive molecule delivery, rapid detection of microorganisms, and prospects the development trend of composite hydrogels …

Research Progress On Active Ingredients And Pharmacological Functions Of Lotus Leaf, Li Yi-Long, Shang Bo-Hao, Wang Jian-Hui, Liu Zhong-Hua, Zhu Ming-Zhi

Food and Machinery

The main active ingredients in lotus leaves were introduced in this review, including flavonoids, alkaloids, volatile oils, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and organic acids. The pharmacological functions of lotus leaves, such as lipid-lowering and anti-obesity activities, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and blood-lowering activities, protective effects of the cardiovascular system, nervous system, and liver, and anti-tumor activity were also summarized. The relative research and application were prospected in order to provide references for the comprehensive utilization of lotus leaf resources.

Design And Implementation Of On-Line Nondestructive Rapid Testing System For Wheat Flour Quality, Sun Xiao-Rong, Zheng Dong-Yu, Liu Cui-Ling, Wu Jing-Zhu, Jin Jia-Rui

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to detect the quality of wheat flour quickly and non-destructively. Methods: The online detection system for wheat flour quality was built in the experiment, which mainly includes the flowing four parts: micro near-infrared spectrometer integrated device, production line adjustable speed simulation device, spectrum online acquisition and control software and online modeling and analysis software. Different modeling algorithms were used to establish quantitative analysis models for moisture, ash and gluten, and the robustness of the online quantitative analysis model was optimized. The influence of different experimental conditions on the modeling results was analyzed. Results: …

New Semi-Dwarfing Alleles With Increased Coleoptile Length By Gene Editing Of Gibberellin 3-Oxidase 1 Using Crispr-Cas9 In Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.), Jingye Cheng, Camilla Hill, Yong Han, Tianhua He, Xingguo Ye, Sergey Shabala, Ganggang Guo, Meixue Zhou, Ke Wang, Chengdao Li

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

The green revolution was based on genetic modification of the gibberellin (GA) hormone system with “dwarfing” gene mutations that reduces GA signals, conferring shorter stature, thus enabling plant adaptation to modern farming conditions. Strong GA-related mutants with shorter stature often have reduced coleoptile length, discounting yield gain due to their unsatisfactory seedling emergence under drought conditions. Here we present gibberellin (GA) 3-oxidase1 (GA3ox1) as an alternative semi-dwarfing gene in barley that combines an optimal reduction in plant height without restricting coleoptile and seedling growth. Using large-scale field trials with an extensive collection of barley accessions, we showed that a natural …

Pests Of Hemp In Utah, Marion Murray, Macahl Evans, Claudia Nischwitz, Austin Taylor, Cody Zesiger

All Current Publications

This guide includes information on insect and disease pests of hemp, organized by pest group. Much of the content is a result of a two-year arthropod and plant disease survey of field-grown hemp operations in northern Utah. Some pests included in this guide were not found in that survey but may be likely to occur in the future. Beneficials and natural enemies are also covered, and information on pesticides is included.

Anthelmintic Resistance In Sheep Across Ireland And The Uk: A Literature Review Of The In Vivo Versus In Vitro Methods, Megan Tumulty

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Background: The animal welfare and production consequences of gastrointestinal nematode infections, namely Nematodirus battus, on sheep are compelling. The control of gastrointestinal infections has been heavily reliant on the administration of anthelmintics since their introduction into mainstream use in 1960. However, their frequent and often excessive use has resulted in anthelmintic resistance being reported extensively in several gastrointestinal nematode species. The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance as well as the increase in the number of cases of multiple-drug resistance in nematode populations now poses substantial hindrance on the viability of sheep production systems. However, despite the threat N. battus poses …

Is There An Economic Advantage To Planting Diverse Summer Annual Forage Mixtures?, Kelly Mercier, Chris Teutsch, Ray Smith, Kenny Burdine, Edwin Ritchey, Eric Vanzant

Journal of Extension

This study examined economic implications of planting summer annual mixtures of grasses, legumes, and forbs at varying nitrogen rates. No differences in yield occurred between the three mixtures, indicating that mixtures with lowest seed cost will be most economical. Applying N resulted in yield increases of 12.26 lb DM per lb N applied. Although yield responses to N were positive, sensitivity analyses showed that applying N resulted in positive net returns only when hay prices were high and N prices were low. When utilization rates are accounted for, enterprise budgets determined grazing to be 18% cheaper to implement than haying.

The Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activity Of Oriental Strawberry (Arbutus Andrachne L.): A Review Article, Sihem Mekchiche, Khalid Al-Ismail, Hamed Takruri

Hebron University Research Journal-A (Natural Sciences) - (مجلة جامعة الخليل للبحوث- أ (العلوم الطبيعيه

Oxidation is one of the most critical processes in food systems. It has an impact on a variety of dietary ingredient interactions, resulting in both desired and unwanted results. It was found in many studies that high concentrations of synthetic antioxidants may havesome carcinogenic effects in some animals, thus natural antioxidants would be analternative to synthetic antioxidants in food. These natural antioxidants can be present in any plant part, including grains, fruits, leaves, nuts, seeds, roots and barks. Many studies showed that there is an inverse relationship between the dietary intake of medicinal plants rich in antioxidants and the prevalence …

Research Progress On Properties, Industrial Production Of Reduced Glutathione And Its Application In Big Health Industry, Cai You-Hua, Wu Zi-Hao, Huang Xiao-Chen, Lin Yu-Kuan, Zheng Ming-Ying

Food and Machinery

The structural characteristics and physiological activities of reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as its metabolic pathways in vivo were reviewed, and the research progress in preparation, extraction, purification, application and industrial production of GSH were summarized. Moreover, the future research directions in functional activity, industrial production and product application of GSH were prospected.

Determination Of Duck Meat Adulteration Ratio In Pork Stuffing, Fei Ying-Min, Pan Lei, Ni Xue, Zhang Gen-Sheng

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to determine the proportion of duck adulteration in pork stuffing by gas chromatography. Methods: Based on the analysis of characteristic fatty acid types as well as contents in different meats by gas chromatography, the standard fingerprint profiles of pork and duck were established manually, and the chromatograms of duck adulteration samples with 10%, 30%, 50% and 70% adulteration in pork stuffing were analyzed. The characteristic fatty acids of duck-pork were finally selected as lauric acid, stearic acid, trans Behenic acid, and linoleic acid. The adulteration experiment was simulated to establish the prediction regression models …

Simultaneous Determination Of 45 Kinds Of Antibiotics In Aquatic Vegetables By High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, Zhang Jin-Jun, Xia Hui-Li, Gao Hai-Bo, Zhang Fang-Fang

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to establish a rapid screening and confirmation method for the 45 kinds of antibiotics, including quinolones, sulfonamides, nitroimidazoles and macrolides in aquatic vegetable, by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Trap-MS). Methods: The sample was extracted with acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, then cleaned up with primary secondary amine (PSA), anhydrous magnesium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) and C₁₈. The analytes were detected by UPLC-Q-Trap-MS in the multiple-reaction monitoring with information-dependent acquisition of enhanced product ion (SMRM-IDA-EPI) mode, followed by matching retrieval of a multiple antibiotic database. The …

An Improved Automatic Detection Model For Egg Defection Based On Yolov5, Yao Xue-Feng, Li Chao

Food and Machinery

Objective: To solve the problems of low detection efficiency and poor accuracy of existing automatic detection methods for egg defect images. Methods: Based on the egg detection system, an improved YOLOv5 automatic detection model was proposed. Added the lightweight network MobileNetv3 to YOLOv5 model to reduce the complexity of the model, and deleted the neck network and small target detection at the output end. Results: Compared with the traditional control method, this method can detect the surface defects of egg targets more accurately and efficiently, with the complexity of more than 35% reducing, the detection time of …

Analysis Of Protein Extraction And Antioxidant Activity Of Enzymatic Hydrolysates From Scallop Processing By-Products, Guo Yu, Wen Shi-Yu, Ni Ce, Ou Xiao-Hui, Qu Ting-Min, Wu Ying, He Shu-Wen, Li Hong-Hui, Cui Bo, Cheng Yun-Hui, Wen Li

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to improve the utilization value of scallop processing by-products, by analyzing the antioxidant activity of its protein hydrolysates. Methods: The processing by-products of Argopecten irradians were used as raw materials, and the proteins were extracted by alkali extraction and acid precipitation, alkali extraction and ammonium sulfate precipitation and low temperature ethanol denaturation precipitation. Then the proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Pepsin, flavourzyme, dispase and alcalase were used to hydrolyze the protein, and the antioxidant activities of the hydrolysate products were analyzed. The molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition and hydroxyproline content of dispase hydrolysates …

Effect Of Spray Drying On The Functional Properties Of Egg Yolk Powder, Ang Yuan, Duan Xu, Cao Wei-Wei, Ren Guang-Yue, Wang Zhe, Li Lin-Lin

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to develop the application of egg yolk powder in the field of feed, functional food and biopharmaceuticals. Methods: Using fresh eggs as raw materials, yolk powder was prepared by spray drying, and the effects of different parameters on the content of yolk antibody (IgY), protein structure and functional properties of egg yolk powder were analyzed. Results: Considering the antibody content, physicochemical properties and functional properties of egg yolk powder comprehensively, when the inlet air temperature was 140 ℃ and the feed flow rate was 600 mL/h, the IgY content of egg yolk powder …

Progress In The Analysis And Detection Of Steroidal Hormones In Royal Jelly, Li Zheng, Yang Jing, Jiao Li-Li, Li Hui, Wu Wei

Food and Machinery

The rapid determination of steroidal hormones and their contents in royal jelly by molecular imprinting and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was reviewed. The research progress of liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, QuECHERS and other pretreatment methods, as well as HPLC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment methods and analytical methods were analyzed and compared. Finally, the feasibility of using molecular imprinting technology and HPLC-MS to detect steroid hormones in royal jelly was prospected.

Research Progress Of Plant-Based Meat Products, Dou Kang-Ning, Zhao Yong-Gan, Jin Shao-Ju, Li Chao-Min, Deng Tong-Xing, Zhao Zhi-Jun

Food and Machinery

The concept, raw materials, technology, texture, sensory, nutrition, market, patent and safety of plant-based meat products were reviewed, and the achievements and shortcomings of the development of plant-based meat products were summarized. It is indicated that the next researching should be done from the protein types of raw materials, protein molecular modification, texturized protein production technology, genetic engineering technology transformation, etc.

Determination Of The Residues Of 15 Kinds Of Benzodiazepine Sedatives In Aquatic Products By Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Zhang Qiu-Yun, Yang Hong-Sheng, Tan Xiu-Hui, Zhu Xiao-Hua, Chen Feng-Wei, Chen Hui-Min

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to eslablish a method for the determination of 15 benzodiazepine sedatives in aquatic products by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Methods: The sample was extracted with acetonitrile solvent, and the extract was purified by solid phase extraction (Oasis PRIME HLB) column. After concentration, the mobile phase was used to determine the volume. The mobile phase consisted of 1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile solvent. The method was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and quantified by internal standard method. Results: The results showed that the linear range of 15 sedatives …

Development Of Functional Markers For Resistance To Smut And Identification Of Genes Differentially Expressed In Response To Brown Rust In Sugarcane, Jose David Cortes

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Smut, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum and brown rust, caused by Puccinia melanocephala, are two of the most important diseases that affect sugarcane production in Louisiana and worldwide. Smut continues to cause losses in the breeding program in Louisiana. Therefore, a QTL analysis was conducted to identify molecular markers associated with resistance in F₁ progeny (162) of a biparental cross between susceptible cultivar L 99-233 and resistant HoCP 96-540. Using 1,574 single-dose SNP markers, a total of 253 linkage groups (LG) were obtained with a genome coverage of 24,580.15 cM. Six QTLs were localized on five LGs. The highest …

Evaluation Of Novel Litter Amendments For Use In The Commercial Broiler Industry, Jorge A. Urrutia

Theses and Dissertations

Poultry litter amendments (LA) are commonly used to maintain good litter quality; the most common ones; are acidifiers. However, concern over the lifespan of LA acidifiers (d) and corrosive nature revealed a need for alternative LA. Products of interest include biochar (BC), superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), and alum mud (AM). Experiment 1 was a screening study (n=17 treatments, no birds) conducted to determine the optimal application rate/method of BC, SAPs, and AM vs.commercial LA and a control. Most SAPs treatments measured metrics may be similar (i.e., bacteria, water activity) or better (pH) vs. commercial LA (PLT). High inclusions of novel LA …

Evaluation Of Warm Season Vegetables Using Sustainable Production Practices, Jacob Arthur

Theses and Dissertations

Sustainable practices were evaluated for the production of two warm season vegetable crops, tomato and chile peppers. The first study investigated the plant vegetative growth, fruit production timing, yield components and fruit quality of three hybrid and three heirloom tomato cultivars grown in a high tunnel using grafted and non-grafted plants. Grafting the selected tomato cultivars with the two rootstock types did not alter total marketable yield of any cultivar, but affected overall stem diameter, fruit color, and β-carotene concentrations of tested tomato cultivars. The second study evaluated the plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of nine heirloom chile pepper …

Survival, Regrowth And Morphotype Formation Of Salmonella Strains After Exposure To High Or Low Concentrations Of First Generation Qac In Water, Grace Umutesi

Theses and Dissertations

This study determines the differences in survival of eight Salmonella strains concentration of BAC in water, followed by regrowth in high and low nutrition conditions containing sublethal concentration of BAC. Our results show strain difference in survival, persistence of Salmonella in BAC at different concentrations. All eight strains of Salmonella were non-recoverable when exposed to 40 to 48 µg/ml BAC for 1h in water. When exposed to 24 µg/ml of BAC for 1 h in water, S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and S. Heidelberg ATCC 8326 cells were non-detectable from the initial 7 log CFU/ml. S. Blockley 7175, S. Virchow 7207, …

The Effects Of Glyphosate Salts And Volatility-Reducing Agents (Vra) On Dicamba Volatility, Nicole Glenn

Theses and Dissertations

Dicamba is often tank mixed with glyphosate to increase herbicidal efficacy but may contribute to off-target movement (OTM). In recent years, volatilization has become problematic for dicamba-containing herbicides, resulting in increased regulatory requirements necessitating the use of volatility-reducing agents (VRA) for application. Research was conducted in 2021 and 2022 using low tunnels in a field environment and humidomes in a greenhouse environment to further assess how glyphosate salts and VRAs affect dicamba volatility. Our data indicate that the inclusion of glyphosate to dicamba can increase dicamba volatility, depending on the glyphosate salt used. The inclusion of the evaluated VRAs will …

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based Tree Canopy Characteristics Measurement For Precision Spray Applications, Md Sultan Mahmud, Long He, Paul Heinemann, Daeun Choi, Heping Zhu

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

The critical components for applying the correct amount of agrochemicals are fruit tree characteristics such as canopy height, canopy volume, and canopy coverage. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based tree canopy characteristics measurement system was developed using image processing approaches. The UAV captured images using a high-resolution red-green-blue (RGB) camera. A digital surface model (DSM) and a digital terrain model (DTM) were generated from the captured images. A tree canopy height map was generated from the subtraction of DSM and DTM. A total of 24 apple trees were randomly targeted to measure the canopy characteristics. Region of interest (ROI) was generated …

Oak Savanna Restoration And Climate Change Mitigation Through Silvopasture In Minnesota, James Siems

Environmental Studies Student Work

Reducing emissions of world food systems will be critical to combatting climate change. Silvopasture systems, which integrate managed forests with pastureland, have been shown to be a more sustainable alternative to traditional livestock production and have the ancillary benefit of diversifying the sources of income for farmers. Silvopasture may also have the capacity to serve as a mechanism for ecological restoration. This paper combines existing literature with an interview of a farmer who is engaging in silvopasture to evaluate the potential of silvopasture as means to restore Minnesota’s disappearing oak savanna ecosystem, while improving the sustainability of food production within …

Geographic Distribution: Anolis Sagrei (Brown Anole). Usa: Arizona., Addie Leimroth, Louis A. Somma, Dyrana N. Russell, Logan P. Cutts, Mason Ryan, Randall D. Babb, Karen E. Hajek, Andrew T. Holycross

Papers in Herpetology

We discovered the first distributional records for the exotic, Caribbean lizard, Anolis sagrei (Brown Anole), in Arizona.

Timing Of Implants Use In Backgrounding System, Kylie M. Butterfield

Applied Science Program: Theses

A study was conducted over two years to determine the interactions of winter rate of gain at a high gain (HG) of 0.91 kg and low gain (LG) 0.45 kg, and implant strategy in the backgrounding and subsequent effects in the finishing phases. There were three phases in this study, the winter phase (~148 days), the summer phase (~60 days) and the finishing phase (~120 days). This was a 2 x 3 factorial design. The first factor is a rate of gain at either 0.91 kg (HG) or 0.45 kg (LG). The next factor is the timing of implant where …

Seroprevalence And Titer Concentration Testing For Leptospirosis In Equine, Ashley Himmelsbaugh

Honors College Theses

The most common best management practice used to combat diseases in horses is vaccination, which can decrease the incidence or severity of illness. However, the duration of immunity will vary for each vaccination and must be considered for revaccination purposes. Titer concentration, which evaluates antibodies in the blood, may be a helpful way of determining how long an animal has immunity to a disease. Leptospirosis, a zoonotic, bacterial disease, can result in uveitis, potentially leading to blindness, and abortion in mares. One serovar, Leptospirosis pomona (L. pomona), is associated with most cases of clinical disease in horses in North America. …

Geology, Soils And Climate Of Western Australia's Wine Regions, Peter J. Tille, Angela Stuart-Street, Peter S. Gardiner

Bulletins 4000 -

This bulletin details what is special and unique about the geology, soil and climate of the south-west of Western Australia (WA), an area that encompasses the state’s 9 wine regions.

We have arranged the information into 2 parts:

• In Part 1, we broadly describe the special geological, soil and climate features of the south-west of WA to provide context for the wine regions.

• In Part 2, we describe the geology, soil and climate of the regions and subregions of the Geographical Indications (GI) scheme (administered by Wine Australia) for WA.

Through this work we have found that the wine regions …

Dynamic Soil Properties In The Lower Rio Grande Valley: Understanding Responses Of Infiltration Rate, Bulk Density, Aggregate Stability To Different Tillage Practices, Temiloluwa Faith Awotoye

Theses and Dissertations

Dynamic Soil Properties (DSPs) are soil properties that change in response to both natural and human-caused interruptions and pressures such as agro-based and wildland management. These soil properties can transform for months or even years in response to the farm use and management procedures. This research project investigates the relationship between different dynamic soil physical properties and tillage practices in the Texas Hidalgo sandy clay loam benchmark soil series. Data analyses was done to compare the effect of tillage to these soil physical properties and build a discussion about relationships between on-farm practices to other aspects of farm viability. We …

Incorporating Native Plants In Insectary Strips To Promote Insect Diversity And Below-Ground Beneficial Microbes In South Texas, Lindsey N. Richards

Theses and Dissertations

Farm edges are generally the most undisturbed areas in a farm with diverse vegetation and can enhance agrobiodiversity and provide crucial food and shelter for wildlife, insects, and soil biota. Planting native wildflowers with the ability to reseed and withstand local climatic conditions for semi-permanent vegetation around farm edges or in between crops has potential to biologically control pests. To test this, we ran a two-year study and installed three different flowering insectary strips on a certified organic vegetable farm in South Texas during the winter season. The treatments were: 1) a commercially sourced 17-species native wildflower seed mix; 2) …