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Genetic And Soil Influences On The Grapevine Rhizosphere Microbiome, Lauren M. Quackenbush

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In vineyard cropping systems, the rhizosphere microbiome arises through recruitment and filtering of the bulk soil microbiome shaped over time by soil carbon and nitrogen, climate, pH and historical legacies of vineyard management. The recruitment and filtering steps occur under the genetic influences of rootstock and scion that together drive variability in rhizosphere microbiome diversity and composition.

This study compares rhizosphere microbiomes of four Pinot Noir blocks under two rootstocks (101-14 and 420A) and four scions (777, 828, Calera, Mt. Eden). Core microbiomes were consistent across all replicates. The most abundant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteriota …

4-Ethylacetophenone From Potato Plants Repels Phthorimaea Operculella And Inhibits Oviposition: A Sustainable Management Strategy, Xinyu Ma, Junjie Yan, Guangyuan Su, Fathiya M. Khamis, Athanase Hategekiman, Yulin Gao

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is an important pest of potato crops capable of boring into and consuming the potato tubers. Although chemical insecticides are employed to control P. operculella populations, their efficacy is frequently limited, raising environmental concerns. Host plant volatiles are important allelochemicals that can be exploited for the management of pests. In our previous studies, we identified five volatile organic compounds (3-ethylacetophenone, 4-ethylacetophenone, geranylacetone, ethylbenzene, and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone) as allelochemicals potentially influencing the oviposition behavior of P. operculella. Using electroantennography (EAG) and behavioral assays, we found that 4-ethylacetophenone significantly repelled P. operculella at all tested concentrations …

Nitrogen Application Enhances The Radiation Use Efficiency And Quality Of Cotton (Gossipum Hirsutum L.) Under Divergent Agro-Ecological Conditions Of Pakistan, Amjed Ali, Safdar Hussain, Wajid Nazeer, Muhammad Sarwar, Masood Qadir, Mubashar Nadeem, Javeria Sherani

Journal of Bioresource Management

Cotton being a cash crop plays a pivotal role in the economy of Pakistan. Climate change has a pronounced impact on radiation use efficiency and quality of cotton fiber. To find out how nitrogen affected the radiation use efficiency and fiber quality of cotton cultivars in Punjab, a field study using a split-plot design was carried out. The study under representation was conducted in three different locations over the course of two years (2016 and 2017): Adaptive Research Farm in Dera Ghazi Khan, The Regional Agriculture Research Institute, Bahawalpur and The College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha. Three cotton cultivars …

Harvest Management And Regrowth Of Trifolium Alexandrinum, R E. Joost, J D. Mooso

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Adaptation of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) beyond the coastal regions of the southeastern United States was limited by a lack of cold tolerance prior to the release of 'Bigbee', a selection from a stand of 'Sacromonte' subjected to temperature of -15 and -18 Con successive nights in 1972. The release of Bigbee in 1985 expanded the range of berseem clover adaptation to include the entire Southeast, as far north as Oklahoma (Knight, 1985). It is known that annual clovers do not rely on root reserve carbohydrates, but rather on residual leaf area and rapid leaf regeneration from active …

Variation In Response To Phosphorus Among Sweetpotato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Cultivars, Jeffrey Cole Denis Gregorie

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth and is often a major limiting nutrient in agriculture. In sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas), studies on the role of P on storage root yield have been limited because of the lack of response and inconsistent results across cultivars and years. Growing evidence shows that current phosphate (Pi) fertilizer rates can be reduced while maintaining productivity. Newly published molecular evidence shows differential expression of phosphate starvation response genes among sweetpotato cultivars, further supporting the hypothesis of cultivar-specific Pi sensitivity. The research herein sought to characterize root system architecture and yield response to Pi …

Closing Ceremony Speech, S. Ray Smith

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Soil Compaction And Novel Traffic Systems In Ryegrass Grown For Silage: Effects On Herbage Yield, Quality And Nitrogen Uptake, J T. Douglas, C E. Crawford

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland soils, on which the crop is managed for conser­vation as silage, receive large amounts of vehicle and machinery traffic : rolling and multiple slurry and fertilizers applications, plus multiple harvests, are all activities which are potentially damaging to soil and sward. A number of short-term studies in the UK (Frame, 1987 and Frost, 1988) and elsewhere (Luten and Roozeboom, 1976, and Rasmussen and M¢ller, 1981) have indicated that dry matter yield can be reduced as a consequence of stress imparted to soil by agricultural tyres. Nevertheless, there is a general lack of information on the influence of soil compaction …

Contribution Of Red Clover To Maize Grain Yields, K D. Johnson, D K. Greene, J H. Cherney

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Renewed emphasis has been placed on crop rotation systems that include a perennial legume. Reasons for this interest include protection of soil from erosion, protection of ground water from nitrate contamination, reduction of soil compac­tion, and potential for fewer inputs which could reduce costs of grain production. Barnes et al. (1985) reported that a nondormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) selected for increased Nin the root and crown had similar summer herbage yield as adapted dormant cultivars, but provided 62 % more symbiotically fixed N for a following crop than dormant cultivars. If most benefit is to be derived from cultivars …

Analysis Of The Effect On N Nutrition On Dry Matter Yield Of A Sward By Reference To Potential Yield And Optimum N Content, G Lemaire, F Gastal, J Salette

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Previous work has shown that the N content of a sward could be related to the dry matter accumulation during the course of the regrowth by the following equation : N % = a(Wtb, where W is the weight of aboveground biomass and N % the N concentration of dry matter (Salette & Lemaire, 1981). The coefficient a represents the N % for an aerial biomass of I t/ha, and b characterizes the degree of dilution of N during the regrowth. When b = 0, N % remains constant during the regrowth. If b = I, there is an increase …

Nitrogen Fixation In Mixed Pastures Under Two Grazing Intensities, R O. Refi, C A. Navarro, C J. Escuder

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Humid Pampa, 10 millions of ha present intrazonal hydromorphic alkaline soils with low P assimilable content and cyclic floods and droughts. Gramineous native ranges utilized for extensive cattle raising with low productivity levels occupy 70 % of the area. The lack of adapted legume and grass genotypes and little information about grazing management makes it difficult to increase production through implanted pastures due to their low persistence (Darwich and Gonzalez, 1982). To modify this situation an interdisciplinary study of four forage mixtures integrated by promising germplasm for that conditions was carried out. This paper is part of that …

Strategies Of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applications To Grassland For Beef: Effects On Production And Soil Mineral Nitrogen, N M. Titchen, R J. Wilkins, L Philipps, D Scholefield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments in Britain have shown beef production increases with fertilizer-N application to grazed grassland up to at least 300 kg N/ha (Wilkins et al., 1987; Baker and Mayne, 1988). However in view of the small offtake of N in the animal products (c.30 kg/ha) there is increased concern on the fate of the applied N, particularly in relation to loss of nitrate by leaching (Garwood and Ryden, 1986). This paper reports a 3-year experiment which examined the impact on production and on N movements of different strategies of fertilizer-N appli­cation and of the effects of removing grazing livestock at the …

Biomass Production And Nitrogen Transfer In Mixed Cropping With Glycine Max (L) Merr. And Sorghum Biocolor Moench, S Ogata, K Kuwata, H Saneoka, K Fujita

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It is well known that the mixed-cropping of legumes and grasses benefits the productivity and management of pastures (Ogata et al., 1986; Kawamoto et al., 1983). However, the effect of mixed-croppings on forage biomass production, and how to transfer N fixed to the associated gramineous plants in fields of low N fertility, is less well known (Simpson, 1965). The N accumulation and the transference ofN fixed in mix­tures of forage type soybean and sorghum were studied as a model system.

Changes In Vegetation Of Various Meadows Under Differential Mineral Fertilization, S Benedycki, S Grzegorczyk, M Mlynarczyk, K Grabowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Permanent meadows and pastures occurring in the Mazurian Lake District (North-eastern part of Poland) constitute 32 % of arable lands. Most meadows are situated on peat soils (Olkowski, 1972). Continuous and successive changes take place in such populations. The moment some species decline, the number of others increases which are better adjusted to site conditions or human activity such as fertilization and the way of land use. These changes occur with different intensity depen­ding on fertilizer doses, land use and site conditions which have not been well recognized with regard to permanent meadows (Olkowski and Olesinski, 1976, Eilart, 1986). Determination …

Developing Effective Nutrient Seed Coatings For Grasses And Legumes, J M. Scott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seed coatings provide a unique opportunity to supply developing seedlings with a source of nutrients to which each sown seedling has preferential access compared to neighbour­ing weeds, thus providing the seedlings with a competitive advantage during pasture establishment. A study of commer­cially prepared nutrient coatings (containing nitrogen [NJ, phosphorus [P] and sulfur [SJ) applied to seeds of perennial rye­grass showed that whilst the S component of the coating was effective, the P component was only partially effective, and the N component was ineffective in alleviating the respective soil nutrient deficiencies (Scott et al., 1985). The successful development of nutrient seed …

The Impact Of Renovation And Phosphate Fertilization On The Productivity Of Pastures In Uruguay, J A. Garcia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Natural grasslands in Uruguay produce low yields of poor quality herbage and therefore intensive farming is based upon sown pastures of temperate species. Although quite productive, these pastures show high instability and after reaching a peak in the second year, herbage yields rapidly go down due to a consistent legume decline. They usually end up in the fourth year in a low producing grassy sward dominated by perennial grasses like tall fescue or by bermudagrass which is endemic in the cropping/pasture area. Thee lack of persistence is also common to other countries of the region and although the effects of …

Sur Les Teneurs En Molybedne Des Plantes Fourrageres Des Sols Liasiques Du Bassigny - Consequences Zootechniques, L Duval

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

En 1943, Ferguson et ses collaborateurs mirent en evidence que la teneur elevee en molybdene des plantes fourrageres est la cause d'une maladie des ruminants appelee scouring ou teartness et observee par Clarke (1855) sur les sols liasiques du Somerset (Grande-Bretagne); ils montrerent aussi que cette • intoxication molybdique ou molybdenose est prevenue et guerie par !'ingestion de cuivre (Ferguson et al., 1943). En France, c'est aussi sur des sols liasiques que des cas aigus de molybdenose ont ete identifies par Fretet (1959), a Is-en­Bassigny (Haute-Marne). Des determinations, effectuees par Flon (1968), confirmerent !'existence de teneurs elevees en molybdene clans …

Effects Of Changes In Fertilizer Use On The Composition And Productivity Of Permanent Grassland In Relation To Agricultural Production And Floristic Diversity, R J. Wilkins, A Hopkins, F W. Kirkham, C Sargent, O Mountford, C Dibb, J Gilbey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

More than 50 % of enclosed grassland in Britain comprises swards older than 20 years. There is much variation both in fer­tiliser inputs and in stocking rates, with the trend for increased intensity in use over the last 40 years now being succeeded by increased concern for nature conservation and the protection of the environment. In some areas financial incentives are given for the adoption of management practices intended to increase sward botanical diversity, but there is little information on the rates of change in botanical diversity and production as the management of an old sward is changed with either …

Phosphorus Requirement For Establishment Of Tropical Forage Grasses And Legumes, J A. Gomide

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Soil phosphorus level is a limiting factor for successfull for­age establishment which, in turn, determines pasture pro­ductivity. Recommendations of P fertilization should not only be based on the available PO4 but should consider the soil P04 buffer capacity and the P critical value for the crop to be grown (Novais and Kamprath, 1979). This study aimed at the determ­inations of P critical doses and levels for the establishment of four species of Brachiaria and four tropical legumes, in five soils.

F.A.O Design K*B*P Trials In The Mid-Altitude Zone Of Yunnan Province, Southern China, J Bruce-Smith, Yang Guo-Rong, Huang Bi-Zhi, Li Ji-Xin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Project is investigating the development of « improved pastures » as a practical way to increase ruminant livestock production. Some preliminary results of fertilizer requirements, indicated that K and B may be required as well as P (Wang el al., 1985) for the establishment of such pastures in this mid-alti­tude (2,000 m) transitional sub-tropic-temperate zone of Yunnan. The objective of this paper is to present some experiences from applying the Hauser (1971) truncated fac­torial design trials (widely used by FAO to obtain N, P, K, fert­ilizer recommendations for cereal crops) to a pasture establish­ment situation where P. K and …

The Effects Of Reducing Or Stopping Fertilizer On New Zealand Dairy Pastures, M B. O'Connor, C Feyter, A.H C. Roberts

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

New Zealand agriculture with its reliance on legume-based pastures to supply nitrogen has a requirement for fertilizer inputs of phosphorus, sulphur, potassium and to a lesser extent, magnesium and various trace elements. The soils in the two main dairying regions of New Zealand (Waikato, Taranaki) are formed from volcanic ash parent material and are highly P retentive. Traditionally dairy pastures on such soils have been developed using heavy applications of P.K.S. fertil­izers (750-1000 kg.ha-1 .year-1). Such rates have often continued for 10-20 years or more and scientists have repeat­edly questioned the need for continued high inputs of fertilizer (Hutton, 1977; …

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization In Combination With Potassium And Phosphorus And Cutting Frequency On The Yield Of Brachiaria Ruzizensis In Adamawa, Cameroon, E T. Pamo, D Pieper

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fertilizers have been shown to increase forage yields under some conditions (Owensby and Smith, 1975), but has very little effect under other conditions (Stoddart et al., 1975). Thus in recent years a great deal of attention has been focussed on the ways and possibilities of increasing forage production by fertil­ization. Various experiments have been conducted on the response of Brarhiaria ruziziensis Germain and Evrad, one of the best perennial forage grasses of the region, to fertilization at Wakwa Animal Research Station. Yonkeu et al., (1986) indicated that application of phosphorus did not lead to improved yield of the forage on …

Fixation De L’Azote Chez Le Trèfle Blanc (Trifolium Repens L.) Interactions Entre Le Deficit Hydrique Et La Fertilization Potassique, A Guckert, L Shamsun Noor, C Robin, D Schontz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Le role du potassium au niveau de l'etat hydrique des vege­taux et notamment des processus d'osmoregulation est bien connu (Mengel, 1984). Dans ce contexte nous avons cherche a determiner l'effet d'un apport d'engrais potassique sur le com­portement du trefle blanc en situation de deficit hydrique. Nos observations ont porte sur ]'evolution du potentiel de base, de l'activite photosynthetique et de la fixation d'azote.

White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) For Low Input Pastoral Farming Systems, A D. Mackay, J R. Caradus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In temperate regions, white clover (Trifoliurn repens L.) is the predominant legume in pastures, because while fixing N it is able to withstand the stresses of grazing (Brougham et al., 1978). White clover is however a poor competitor for soil phos­phate (P). This is of particular significance when many soils in New Zealand and throughout the world are P deficient. Regu­lar inputs of P fertilizer are required to maintain the vigour and productivity of this forage legume. The increasing costs of manufacture and application of P fertilizer and at the same time the general decline in demand for agricultural …

The Effect Of Adjusting Soil Availbale N/P Ratio Through Fertilizing On The Growth Of Alfalfa, Zhongping Li, Shuzhen Wan, Jianqiang Zhao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Our past experiments indicated that on calcareous soils, growing alfalfa for 5-7 years without phosphorus application led too large a soil available N/P ratio to keep the normal yield and quality of alfalfa production (Lin et al., 1964; Li, 1972). If phosphorus can be added sufficiently when alfalfa is grown, not only the Rhizobium nitrogen fixation can be promoted to keep a proper N/P ratio for alfalfa growth, but also a beneficial condition can be created for the following crops. (Li et al., 1988 ; Li, 1983).

Alimentation Minerale, Niveau Hydrique Et Utilization De L’Eau Par La Luzerne, Micheline Anneessens

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

L'eau est souvent un facteur limitant !es rendements puisque des problemes se posent au niveau de sa repartition dans l'es­pace et dans le temps. Aucune etude n'a encore montre comment dose et composi­tion d'engrais interagissent avec l'humidite du substrat sur ]'utilisation de l'eau par une plante fourragere forte consomma­trice de cette ressource.C'est dans ce but que le present essai a ete realise sur la luzerne.

Valorization Des Elements Mineraux Autres Que L’Azote Contenus Dans Les Effluents D’Elevage, J C. Taureau, D Ziegler

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les doses de lisier appliquees sur une culture sont generale­ment calees sur la valeur azotee du produit. L'apport comprend en plus des quantites importantes de P20s, MgO, CaO et oligo­elements dont le role fertilisant merite d'etre precise dans !es conditions de plein champ. L'efficacite fertilisante du phos­phore et du potassium a ete etudiee en pot (Amberger, 1982-83). Notre but est de montrer a partir de trois dispositifs de lon­gue duree, dont un seul sera detaille ici, !es consequences d'epandages plus ou moins massifs de lisier sur la composition des fourrages et !'evolution chimique des sols.

Improving The Efficiency Of Phosphorus Fertilizer Use In Northern Australia, M Gilbert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is common in the extensive graz­ing country of northern Australia. Fertilizer recommendations for establishment and long term stability of improved pastures are imprecise because there is little understanding of the residual effects of P fertilizer in soil. Soil tests to monitor the fate of P fertilizer on cattle properties are of little value owing to variability, insufficient precision and the difficulty in sam­pling large pasture areas. Mathematical approaches to the problem are warranted in order to simplify fertilizer recommendation. Models to predict fertilizer P requirement have been developed for pastures (Bowden and Bennett, 1974; Probert and Williams, …

Improving The System Of Irrigated Cultivated Pasture Fertilization In Ussr, N G. Andreev

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The state cattle-breeding farm « Zarya Kommunisma » of the Moscow region is an example of efficient utilization of culti­vated irrigated pastures. Here under the guidance of the scientists of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy 961 hectares of irrigated pastures have been established (Andreev, 1988 ; Markin, 1987). 3500 dairy cows with the average 6001 kg milk yield per cow per year are being pastured.

The Influence Of Cow Manure On Forage Yields Of King Grass In A Ferrasol In Cuba, G Crespo, M Oduardo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments conducted in sandy and brown soils in Cuba demonstrated the beneficial effect of manure for accelerating the establishment of forage plants, and the possibility of dimi­nishing up to 50 % the dosage of N fertilizer requirements to obtain maximum forage yield (Crespo and Diez 1978; Crespo and Arteaga 1984). The aims of the present experiments were: a) to determine the best time of application of cow manure and b) to learn the influence of manure and nitrogenous fertilizer on forage yield of king grass in a ferrasol soil.

Changes In Grassland Sward Caused By Different Levels Of Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilization, After 5 Years Of Application, K Krynski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are many speculations concerning fertilizer manage­ment. Effects of the potassium fertilization are not univocal defined. The phosphorus effect is observed after a few years. Mistakes in proportions of the fertilizers applicated on grasslands appear often. Their effects are difficult to observe at once. Destructions of the long term unbalanced fertilization can be difficult to repair. The experiment is aimed at finding the effect of different levels of fertilization on grassland. The paper presents part of data characterizing the 5th experimental year.