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Foliar Application Of Vermitea On Wheat Against Salt Stress Under Hydroponic Condition, Basir Ahmed, Anser Ali, Muhammad Sarwar, Wajad Nazeer, Imdad Ullah

Journal of Bioresource Management

Salinity is one of the major issues that drastically reduce wheat production. In a hydroponic investigation, vermitea was employed to evaluate the impact of salinity on wheat. The vermitea is a by-product of the vermicomposting process that has both macro- and micronutrients. When these plants reached full maturity, they were harvested. The evaluation was based on their morphological characteristics, such as root/shoot dry weight, root/shoot ratio, plant height, root/shoot length, number of spikelets per spikelet, spike length, number of grains per spikelet, and biological yield per plant. The leaves relative water contents and other biochemical parameters including K+, Na+, chlorophyll …

Phenotypic Correlation, Path Analysis, And Quantitative Trait-Based Selection Of Elite Wheat Genotypes Under Heat Stress Conditions In The Terai Region Of Nepal, Radhakrishna Bhandari, Binod Panthi, Shivalal Nyaupane, Sandesh Shrestha, Prabin Sharma, Rajesh Kumar Gupta, Sansar Sahani, Mukti Ram Poudel

Makara Journal of Science

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide, but the production and productivity of wheat is affected by heat stress. A field experiment using an alpha lattice design with seven blocks was conducted on 35 elite wheat genotypes in the Terai region of Nepal to identify the most appropriate trait resulting in a high-yielding wheat genotype with high tolerance to heat stress. Correlation analysis revealed that booting-to-heading duration (BtoH), booting-to-anthesis duration (BtoA), plant height (Ph), spike length (SL), spike weight (SW), thousand grain weight (TGW), straw yield (SY), and total biomass yield (TY) had a significant positive correlation …

Intake Of South African Mutton Merino Ewes On Wheat Stubble Grazing, T S. Brand, J M. Van Heerden, F Franck

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Wheat stubble was grazed continuously for 154 days during the summer (December-April) by reproducing and dry ewes (n-8) at 2 stocking rates ( 1 or 2 ewes/ha), Samples were collected for chemical analysis from oesophageally fistulated (OF) sheep. Intake was determined using controlled chromium-release devices. The mean CP, ADF and NDF contents and iii vitro OM digestibility of samples were respectively 16.1:t0.4%; 40.7:t0.8%, 59.0:tl.1% and 48.5±0.7% t 1 ewe/ha and 10.8±1.1%; 53.9±1.1%, 72.1±0.9% and 48.8:t0.7% at 2 ewes/ha. The mean CP intake of dry ewes was 202±7 g/day (I ewe/ha) and 113:t6 g/day (2 ewes/ha), while the CP intake of …

Monthly Changes In Plant Biomass, Net Primary Productivity And Transfer Dynamics Of A Tropical Grazing Land Ecosystem In Southern India, K.S T.K Karuniachamy, K Paliwal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Monthly changes in plant biomass, net primary productivity and transfer dynamics of tropical grazing land of western Ghats region, southern India, are presented. The annual above- ground net production was 9.03 g/m2/day and the below-ground net production was 2.56 g/m2/day. Total annual net primary production was estimated at 4232 g/m2/day. Of the total input of 11.59 g/m2/day into the system, about 77.9% was channelled to above-ground and 22.1% to below­ground, The rate of litter disappearance was 0.55 g/m2/day and l.14 g/ m2/day for below-ground disappearance. The total output was 1.69 g/ m2/day which was 14.6% of the total input. Thus, …

Effect Of A Legume (Arachis Pintoi) On The Regrowth And Mineral Nutrition Of Associated Pangola Grass (Digitaria Decumbens), P Cruz, H Sinoquet, O Sobesky

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of a companion legume (Arachis pintoi) on the growth and nitrogen nutrition of an associated grass (Di'gitaria decumbems) was studied during 2 regrowth periods. Digitaria growth was expressed as a function of the cumulative absorded PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) i.e., by using the radiation-use efficiency concept. For this purpose, PAR intercepted by both the pure and mixed swards was estimated by using a radiative transfer model. Nitrogen nutrition status of Digitaria was characterised by the relation between N uptake and dry matter production. Results show a close agreement between N nutrition level and radiation-use efficiency of the grass. …

Reserve Mobilization During Regrowth After Cutting Of Forage Species: Quantification And Physiological Mechanisms In Ryegrass And Lucerne, A Ourry, J Bigot, T Kim, J Boucaud, J Salette

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Time course of remobilisation of reserves was studied during the regrowth of Loli11m perem1e and Medicago sativa by 15N labelling, carbohydrate analyses and by measuring time course of several enzymes activities. When photosynthesis decreased during early regrowth, and consequently reduced availability of carbon skeletons within the plant, both nitrogen (N) uptake (lolium perene) and N2 fixatlon (Medicago saliva) decreased. Nilrogenase, as well as nitrate reductase activities, decreased. Reduction of external N assimilation was compensated for by intensive mobilization of endogenous N in roots of lucerne and in stubble of ryegrass. In the same manner, some of …

Quantification Of Nutrients Consumed And Utilized By Holstein Cows Grazing Grass Pastures In The North-Eastern Usa, Lisa A. Holden, L D. Muller, G A. Varga, S L. Fales

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Managing the nutrition of high producing dairy cows on pasture in the north-eastern USA is challenging owing to difficulty in accurately estimating intake and In determining nutrient utilisation by grazing dairy cows. In Trial 1, 16 lactating Holstein cows were used to estimate intake with an intensively grazed orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) pasture with 2 stocking rates of 2.S and 3,9 cows/ha in a 24 week grazing season. Cows were fed a grain supplement which comprised about 35% of the diet dry matter. Chromium oxide was used as an external marker in faeces, Results of Trial 1 indicated total …

Crop Processing And Fractionation As A Commercial Proposition To Forage-Based Animal Systems, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The paper outlines crop processing and fractionation technology as it applies to an intensive forage-based operation with beef cattle, The benefits of forage processing prior to its feeding to cattle are described with an emphasis not only on the uniformity of the nutritive quality of the processed product but also on the extra financial benefits resulting from the wet fractionation process. The value-added primary products from the fractionation process ensure extra return to the. forage producers, crop processing installation and the feedlot operation. The characteristics of the fractionation products derived from lucerne and other crops are described.

Bermudagrass Allelochemistry And Influence On Spodoptera Frugiperda Herbivory, S Quisenberry, M Mohamed

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cultivated area of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.), in the USA are under stress from a complex of insect and secondary fungal pests which has resulted in a loss in crop production. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) is the major insect herbivore of bermudagrass in the south-eastern USA. Bermudagrass breeding programmes over the last decade have yielded germplasm with potential insect-resistant traits. Thus, a programme was initiated to define bermudagrass allelochemislry with respect to insect herbivory. Pall armyworm is variably responsive to bermudagrass cultivars, the basis being causally related to a differential concentration of the phagostimulant 6, …

Transfer Of Genes Encoding Proteins With High Nutritional Value Into Pasture Legumes, W C. Mcnabb, C Higgins, L Tabe, T J.V Higgins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Gene transfer systems for the forage legumes, subterranean clover (Trlfolium subterraneum) and lucerne (Medicago saltva) have been developed and optimised for current commercial cultivars. A disarmed binary vector derived from the Agrobacterium tunefaciens tumour• inducing plasmid has been used to deliver a selectable marker gene conferring resistance to phosphinothricin (the active ingredient in the herbicide, Basta) and a series of chimeric gene constructs encoding proteins that are rich in sulphur amino acids and resistant to rumen degradation. Transgenic plants expressing a gene encoding either ovalbumin or a sunflower albumin have been obtained and analyzed with respect to …

Genetic Engineering Of Pasture Legume And Grasses For Reduced Lignin Content And Increased Digestibility, C Lynne Mcintyre, J M. Manners, J R. Wilson, H Way, D Sharp

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Plants of tropical pastures have a higher lignin content than those of temperate pastures, which limits the digestibility and nutritive value of these forages. Ribozyme and antisense RNA technology is being investigated as a method of reducing lignin levels and increasing digestibility in the tropical forage Stylosanthes spp, and in the model system tobacco. Ribozymes to the tobacco anionic peroxidase mRNA have been designed and shown to be capable of cleaving this mRNA in vitro. Constructs for the expression of antisense and ribozyme RNA to reduce peroxidase gene expression have been prepared, Transgenic tobacco plants containing these constructs have been …

Application Of The Somaclone Method In Fertility Restoration Of The Partially Sterile Hybrid Of Agropyron Repens X Bromus Inermis: Callus Initiation And Plant Regeneration, L E. Heszky, J Janovsky, G Gyulai, E Kiss, L T. Hangyel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

. Callus initiation and plant regeneration from the new intergeneric hybrid of Agropyron repens L., Beauv, x Bromus inermis.1 Leyss. cv. Nanus (Agromus) was carried out. For callus initiation, the inflorescence primordia were incubated on an optimised nutritive medium designated medium-F, supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.5 mg/ I). Within 21 days of plating, embryogenic callus with globular structures were developed, From the 21st day of culture, one-step plant regeneration occurred from callus without subculture. Non-regenerative calli were subcultured to medium-F supplemented with different cytokinins. The cytological analysis of the calli showed wide genetic:il variability in chromosome number with …

Use Of Plant Height For Determining The Nutritive Value, Yield And The Optimal Use Span Of Lucerne, Lother Schmidt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Determining the ·cutting date is important for high yield, good forage quality and longevity of lucerne (Medicago media Pers.) stands. Most recommendations for the optimal use date are based on the development ,stage. The results of research conducted over 9 years show that forage quality and the dry matter (DM) yield of luccrne, at the same, developmental stage, vary considerably, depending on weather conditions during the growth period. A better criterion is the plant height of lucerne. There was a highly significant correlation between plant height and the content of crude fibre, crude protein and DM. We recommend the …

Manipulation Of Perennial Ryegrass With The Plant Growth Regulator Mefluidide, M H. Foreman, R J. Field

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In an attempt to increase the nutritive quality of herbage, the plant growth regulator mefluidide was applied at low rates (0.15-0.30 kg ai/ha) to pure stands of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in early spring. There was a reduction in total dry matter production of 35.8% at 0.3 kg ai/ha, but because reproductive development was significantly reduced there was a useful increase in the green leaf harvest component from 1.3% to 41.6% of total dry matter. High yields of green leaf were maintained for 100 days, in contrast to untreated swards which were composed largely of stem plus inflorescence …

Root Lesion And Burrowing Nematodes And Their Management, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Nematodes are common soil pests that feed on the roots of a wide range of crops in all agricultural areas of Western Australia, resulting in significant crop yield loss. Root lesion nematode can be managed but not eradicated.

This factsheet summarises the biology of the root lesion nematode (RLN, Pratylenchus spp.) and burrowing nematode (Radopholus spp.) species that damage Western Australian (WA) crops, and their diagnosis and management.

Yellow Spot And Septoria Nodorum Blotch And Their Management In Wheat, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Leaf spot diseases affecting wheat in Western Australia (WA) are yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), septoria nodorum blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum), and septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici). They are caused by 3 different fungal pathogens but the disease symptoms and biologies are similar.

Impact from leaf spot diseases vary greatly from season to season and between locations. They are a problem in continuous wheat crops in stubble retention (no-till) farming systems. For the most effective control, an integrated disease management (IDM) approach is required.

This page outlines the symptoms, diseases spread and risk factors, yield and quality losses, and management options for …

Pasture Data Reconciliation Of The South West Agricultural Zone Of Western Australia September 2024, Tafesse Estifanos, Amir Abadi Ghadim, Paul Mattingley, Kate Pritchett, Tony Della Bosca

Animal production and livestock published reports

Western Australia’s (WA) agricultural land use system features extensive pasture land vital for grazing sheep and cattle. Most pastures in the south west of Western Australia consist of annual species that grow during the cool, wet winters of the Mediterranean climate and senesce in the warm to hot, dry summers. Understanding the spatial distribution of pasture areas within the context of mixed farming is essential for developing effective land management strategies to enhance livestock production and profitability through balanced pasture supply and demand.

This report focuses on reconciling pasture area data for the south-west of Western Australia’s agricultural zone across …

Septoria Avenae Blotch And Its Management In Oats, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Septoria avenae blotch (Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp. avenaria) is a stubble borne fungal disease of oats and is the most common oat disease in Western Australia and occurs throughout the cereal growing areas.It is host specific, meaning it only affects oats.

This page summarises the symptoms, factors favouring disease risk and spread, yield and quality losses, and management strategies for the disease

Breeding Ewes Are Worth Feeding, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

Despite potentially elevated grain prices, strong prices for meat and wool mean that Western Australian sheep farmers can confidently supplementary feed their underweight ewes in summer/autumn.

Analysis in 2019, based on then-current prices, showed it was a profitable investment to feed all ewes to maintain condition during pregnancy, and to feed low condition score single bearing ewes and low and medium condition score twin bearing ewes to gain condition.

In 2019, John Young from Farming Systems Analysis Service completed an analysis on the value of a ewe in the WA farming system. His report had some important messages for the …

Postharvest Characterization And Storage Of Fresh Katmon Fruit (Dillenia Philippinensis), Leonisa A. Artes, Amparo A. Wagan, Michelle E. Omana, Leonardo L. Tamisin Jr

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Katmon fruit has great economic potential but little is known about its postharvest behavior. This study characterized the katmon fruit after harvest so that appropriate handling may be recommended to extend its shelf life during storage or market display. Physicochemical characteristics, particularly firmness, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acids (TA), and TSS:TA ratio were evaluated during storage under room condition (22°C) and at low temperature (15°C). These characteristics were almost constant under 22°C or at 15°C for two weeks, with pH at 2.8, TSS at about 3.40°Brix, TA at 1.1 – 1.5%, and TSS:TA ratio at 3.1 – 2.04. …

Growth-Promoting Bacteria And Salicylic Acid Improve Essential Oil, Flower Yield, And Compatible Osmolyte Content Of Common Yarrow (Achillea Millefolium L.) Under Drought Stress, Mohsen Zarepour, Mohammad Mehdi Rahimi, Abdul Samad Kelidari, Moslem Abdipour

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Drought is one of the major constraints on agricultural productivity in arid and semiarid regions. Coping with drought stress involves several adaptations and mitigation strategies such as the use of plant-growth promoting bacteria and salicylic acid, which was examined in this study under two levels of water regimes (well-watered as control and drought stress) in southwest Iran in 2018 and 2020 on common yarrow (Achillea millefolium). Catalase levels significantly increased in response to drought stress and salicylic acid application. Salicylic acid and combined application treatment of both bacteria also resulted in a significant increase in proline compared with …

Testing Feed Is Vital For Feed Budgeting, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

A little knowledge of the nutritional value of your supplementary feeds can save you a lot of money and hassle.

In dry seasons, it is likely that farmers will need to start supplementary feeding earlier than usual. The higher requirement for supplementary feeds over dry seasons means accurate feed budgeting becomes increasingly important to minimise feed wastage, for weaner survival, and to maintain stock at the right condition score (CS) for joining.

Leaf Diseases And Their Management In Oats, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Leaf diseases of oats impact on grain yield and quality and reduce hay quality characteristics, such as colour and digestibility. This page outlines the symptoms, factors favouring disease risk and spread, and management.

Major leaf diseases of oats are septoria avenae blotch, stem rust, leaf rust, and barley yellow dwarf virus. Their severity changes with seasons.

Foliar Diseases And Their Management In Lupins, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

This factsheet describes symptoms and management of the major fungal and viral diseases affecting lupin foliage, stems, and pods. Several of these diseases have the capacity to cause significant losses if not managed effectively.

Inoculum can be carried in soil, seed, stubble, on green regrowth, or by insect vectors, depending on the disease. Therefore, an integrated approach to disease management is required using tactics such as crop rotation, stubble management, fungicide seed dressing, variety selection, and seed testing

Effects Of Grassland Burning During Early Spring In Korea, Sung Seo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A field experiment was carried out in 1989 and 1990 to determine the effects of dead material (length 15 cm and 30 cm), date of burning (21 February, 2 March, I I March and 20 March) and a non-burning control treatment during eacly spring on grass growth, yield, and nutritive value in existing pasture dominated by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). On average burning treatments increased the soil surface temperature and the 10 cm soil depth temperature by S.5°C and 2.8°C respectively. A little burning damage was present after the burn on 20 March. However, burning, date of burning or …

Breeding Of Apomictic Brachiaria Through Interspecific Hybridisation, C B. Do Valle, C Gilenke, G.O C. Leguizamon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brachiaria is a tropical grass genus recently introduced on the American continent. Two species are widely sown as pastures in Brazil, n. decumbens (D) cv. Basilisk, and n. brizantha (B) cv. Marandu. These 2 cultivars behave as obligate apomicts (APO), therefore impairing direct hybridisation. A breeding programme was started al the National Center for Research in Beef Callie (CNPGC­EMBRAPA), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil in 1988, with the objeclive of obtaining apomictic hybrids with the growth habit and adaptation lo poor soils of D, resistance lo spilllebugs (Homoplera:Cercopidae) of B using sexual B. mzil:iensis (R) as mother plant. R has …

Micro-Computer Version Of The Database On Feed Commodities Derived From Pastures And Green Crops, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The subunit of the national feed database devoted specifically to feeds derived from grasslands and green crops is presented. This collection of chemical and nutritional data is the result of 20 years of data collection from analyses conducted from 62 laboratories Australia-wide, The data entries are classified according to each Australian state and laboratory which provided the analytical and nutritional characteristics of fodder. Each entry is classified according to the International Feed Numbering (IFN) system as maintained by the International Network of Feed Information Centres (INFIC), The data in the collection as presented in the paper are an integral part …

Morphological Characterization, Seed Production, And Oil Content Of Several Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus (D.C.) Stapf.) Line, Adi Setiadi, Cheppy Syukur, Idam Holid, Lindiana

Jurnal Kultivasi

Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as lemongrass, is a perennial herb widely cultivated for its culinary, medicinal, and aromatic industries. This research investigates the morphological characterization and potential yield of different lemongrass lines. The study involved the collection of diverse lemongrass genotypes from various geographic regions in Indonesia. The research was conducted using a randomized block design with three replications. Morphological character observations encompass both quantitative and qualitative characters of plants. Morphological characteristics such as plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter, and number of tillers were measured to assess the variations among the genotypes. The results revealed considerable variability …

The Effect Of Various Doses Of Gamma Ray Irradiation On Growth And Chlorophyll Changes Of Three Adlay Genotypes, Warid Ali Qosim, Anas, Suseno Amien, Meddy Rachmadi, Sidik Ramdani, Romi Zamhir Islami

Jurnal Kultivasi

Adlay has great potential to be developed into an alternative food source in Indonesia because it contains carbohydrates and high fat. The aim was to effect of various doses of gamma-ray irradiation on growth,chlorophyll changes, and determination of lethal dose (LD50) three adlay genotypes in M1 generation. This study was conducted by using the experimental quantitative method without design. The material used consists of three adlay genotypes, including genotypes #28, #37, and #38. The seeds were treated with 0 Gy (control), 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, and 500 Gy doses of gamma-ray irradiation by the Research Center …

Effect Of Biochar Composition And Paclobutrazol Concentration On Growth And Yield Of G1 Medians Cultivar Potato Seeds In Jatinangor Medium Plain, Jajang Sauman Hamdani, Zahira Salsabilla Idris Putri, Wawan Sutari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Potato seed production in the medium plain is necessary to avoid environmental damage and the limited area of potato seed production in the high plain. The effort to increase the production of G1 potato seeds on the medium plain is the evaluation of the biochar composition and concentration of paclobutrazol that can increase the production G1 potato seeds cv Medians in the medium plain of Jatinangor. The research was conducted from August to December 2022 at the Ciparanje Experimental Field. Jatinangor. Faculty of Agriculture. Universitas Padjadjaran. The experiment used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was the …