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Primary Industries Development Research Highlights 2021, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Tim Scanlon

Books & book chapters

The Primary Industries Development Research Highlights 2021 showcases the breadth and depth of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development’s research and development activities over the past several years.

Stories featured in Research Highlights 2021 stem from about 60 (of 140) current and recently-completed projects undertaken by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development’s (DPIRD) 1100 scientists, technical experts and economists throughout the State.

Explore our Research Highlights 2021.

The publication demonstrates the innovative and applicable research that DPIRD and its collaborators and investment partners deliver to Western Australia.

Download the Research Highlights 2021 here. Alternatively, …

Master Grazer: Educating Kentucky Livestock Producers, S. Ray Smith, Garry D. Lacefield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Oil Bodies Sizes Variation Analyses Of Rapeseed In Two Locations As A Novel Trait For Genetic Engineering, Rita Andini, Muhammad Ikhsan Sulaiman, Murna Muzaifa, Yulia Dewi Fazlina, Christian Moellers

Jurnal Kultivasi

Tanaman raps (Brassica napus L.) adalah tanaman penghasil minyak utama di negara dengan iklim dingin seperti di Jerman. Minyak raps (Brassica napus L.) digunakan untuk bahan pangan, biodiesel, dan sebagai pakan ternak. Kandungan minyaknya bisa mencapai 33 – 48%. Tanaman minyak seperti kedelai (Glycine max), raps (Brassica napus L.), bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus) pada umumnya menyimpan kandungan minyaknya dalam suatu organela penyimpanan dikenal dengan ‘oil body’ yang mempunyai diameter antara 0,6 hingga 2,0 µm, tergantung dari spesies tanaman. Peningkatan kandungan minyak merupakan salah satu target pemuliaan di banyak tanaman minyak, termasuk di raps. Tulisan ini menceritakan tentang isolasi ‘oil body’ …

Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Bioherbisida Saliara Di Pembibitan Awal, Vira Irma Sari, Apriandi Bintang Tambunan, Sylvia Madusari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Keberadaan gulma pada pembibitan kelapa sawit dapat menurunkan kualitas bibit. Pengendalian gulma di pembibitan awal harus dilakukan secara dengan tangan (hand weeding), karena bibit dapat mati akibat aplikasi herbisida. Aplikasi bioherbisida saliara (Lantana camara) pada bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dapat menjadi alternatif pengendalian gulma yang ramah lingkungan dan mengurangi tenaga kerja. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan 1 Politeknik CWE, pada November 2019 sampai Februari 2020. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan perlakuan: kontrol (tanpa aplikasi bioherbisida), Ekstrak Lantana camara 1%, 2%, dan 3%. Setiap perlakuan diulangi sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bioherbisida Lantana camara …

Stabilitas Hasil Dan Adaptabilitas Galur-Galur Harapan Kacang Bogor Di Tiga Lokasi, Darmawan Saptadi, Descha Giatri Cahyaningrum, Noer Rahmi Ardiarini, Budi Waluyo

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kacang Bogor (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) potensial dikembangkan sebagai komoditi pangan rendah lemak. Pengembangan dan peningkatan hasil komoditas ini dapat dilakukan melalui penyediaan varietas unggul. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui stabilitas dan adaptabilitas hasil enam galur harapan kacang Bogor, yaitu GSG 2.1.1, GSG 2.5, GSG 1.5, CCC 1.4.1, PWBG 5.3.1, dan BBL 6.1.1. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga lokasi yang memiliki karakteristik ketinggian tempat, kondisi lahan, dan musim tanam berbeda. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis varians gabungan. Analisis regresi digunakan untuk menentukan stabilitas dan adaptabilitas hasil berdasarkan Eberhart-Russell dan Finlay-Wilkinson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan …

Impact Of Cover Crop Monocultures And Mixtures On Organic Carbon Contents Of Soil Aggregates, Daphne Topps, Imam Ul Khabir, Hagir Abdelmagid, Todd Jackson, Javed Iqbal, Boakai K. Robertson, Zahida Hassan Pervaiz, Muhammad Saleem

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Cover crops are considered an integral component of agroecosystems because of their positive impacts on biotic and abiotic indicators of soil health. At present, we know little about the impact of cover crop types and diversity on the organic carbon (OC) contents of different soil aggregate-size classes. In this study, we investigated the effect of cover plant diversity on OC contents of different soil aggregates, such as macro- (<2000–500 µm), meso- (<500–250 µm), and micro-aggregates (<250 µm). Our experiment included a total of 12 experimental treatments in triplicate; six different monoculture treatments such as chickling vetch (Vicia villosa), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), field peas (Pisum sativum), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus), and mighty mustard (Brassica juncea), and their three- and six-species mixture treatments, including one unplanted control treatment. We performed this experiment usingdeep pots that contained soil collected from a corn-soybean rotation field. At vegetative maturity of cover plants (about 70 days), we took soil samples, and the soil aggregate-size classes were separated by the dry sieving. We hypothesized that cover crop type and diversity will improve OC contents of different soil aggregate-size classes. We found that cover plant species richness weakly positively increased OC contents of soil macro-aggregates (p = 0.056), whereas other aggregate-size classes did not respond to cover crop diversity gradient. Similarly, the OC contents of macroaggregates varied significantly (p = 0.013) under cover crop treatments, though neither monoculture nor mixture treatments showed significantly higher OC contents than the control treatment in this short-term experiment. Interestingly, the inclusion of hairy vetch and oilseed radish increased and decreased the OC contents of macro- and micro-aggregates, respectively. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between shoot biomass and OC contents of macroaggregates. Overall, our results suggest that species-rich rather than -poor communities may improve OC contents of soil macroaggregates, which constitute a major portion of soil systems, and are also considered as important indicators of soil functions.

Tandem Duplicate Expression Patterns Are Conserved Between Maize Haplotypes Of The Α-Zein Gene Family, Preston Hurst, James C. Schnable, David R. Holding

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Tandem duplication gives rise to copy number variation and subsequent functional novelty among genes as well as diversity between individuals in a species. Functional novelty can result from either divergence in coding sequence or divergence in patterns of gene transcriptional regulation. Here, we investigate conservation and divergence of both gene sequence and gene regulation between the copies of the α-zein gene family in maize inbreds B73 and W22. We used RNA-seq data generated from developing, self-pollinated kernels at three developmental stages timed to coincide with early and peak zein expression. The reference genome annotations for B73 and W22 were modified …

Yield And Economic Performance Of Crop Rotation Systems In South Dakota, Hanxiao Feng, Tong Wang, Shannon L. Osborne, Sandeep Kumar

Economics Faculty Publications

Crop yield and economic profitability, both highly dependent on local crop management, soil characteristics, and weather conditions, are among the most influential factors to consider when considering a cropping system. The objective of this study was to compare the economic returns of three different 4-yr diverse crop rotations with that of a 2-yr traditional crop rotation in eastern South Dakota. The rotations included were (a) corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]–spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (CSSwP), (b) corn–pea–winter wheat–soybean (CPWwS), (c) corn–oat (Avena sativa L.)–winter wheat–soybean (COWwS), and (d) corn–soybean …

Farmer Perceptions And Willingness To Pay For Novel Livestock Pest Control Technologies: A Case Of Tsetse Repellent Collar In Kwale County In Kenya, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Nancy G. Gathogo, Gracious M. Diiro, Michael M. Kidoido, Michael Nyangánga Okal, Daniel K. Masiga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Tsetse-transmitted Animal African Trypanosomosis (AAT) is one of the most important constraints to livestock development in Africa. Use of trypanocides has been the most widespread approach for the management of AAT, despite the associated drug resistance and health con-cerns associated with drug metabolites in animal products. Alternative control measures that target tsetse fly vectors of AAT, though effective, have been hard to sustain in part because these are public goods applied area-wide. The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) and partners have developed and implemented a novel tsetse repellent collar (TRC) applied on animals to limit contact of …

Tropical Forages For Monogastric Animals: Enhancing Smallholders Competitiveness In Local And Emerging Markets, Michael Peters, D. White, L. S. Muñoz, P. Sarria, N. Vivas, F. Holmann, M. Lundy, T. Oberthur, P. Lentes, A. Schmidt, Martin Mena, S. Fujisaka

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Sustaining Pastoral Linkages To High‐Value Livestock Markets Through Collective Action And Public‐Private Partnerships: A Case Study From Southern Ethiopia, S. Desta, D. Layne Coppock, G. Gebru, S. Tezera, L. Gizachew

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Food Supply Chains In Developed Countries And Livestock Production Systems, Alan Mcdermott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Fatty Acid Profile Of Traditional Home‐Made Kurut In Xinjiang Pastoral Regions, Yimamu Aibibula, Masaaki Hanada, M. Hirata, M. Renaguli, M. Goto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Biorenewable Energy: New Opportunities For Grassland Agriculture, Kenneth J. Moore, Steven L. Fales, Emily A. Heaton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Cool-Season Annuals Effect On Soil Health In Warm-Season Perennial Pastures In Southestern Us., Paola C. Muela Negrete

LSU Master's Theses

Perennial grass crops represent approximately 8 million hectares of the land area of the humid lower southeastern United States. These forage crops receive high rates of fertilizer, especially nitrogen (N), and near monoculture remains have often been treated with repeated applications of herbicides. Pasture management is crucial to improve soil properties in pasturelands. Common pasture management practices include introducing cool-season multispecies in warm-season pasture systems and forage harvest frequency of pasture systems. It is known that cool-season multispecies in warm-season pasture systems ensure cattle feeding during winter season and have beneficial effects on soil microbial biomass, soil organic matter (SOM), …

Plasma Agriculture: Characterization Of Dbd Plasma Jet And Analysis Of Effects When Treated On Sweet Basil (Ocimum Basilicum), William Davis

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Plasma agriculture is an increasingly diverse field, where effects of nonthermal or cold plasma are measured by their influence on plant physiology and growth rate. Effects range from sterilization, germination, increased growth rate, cell metabolism, and so forth. This study aims to investigate the understanding of the generation of specific reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from a nonthermal atmospheric DBD helium-based plasma jet and identify quantifiable effects that can directly translate to different applications related to plasma agriculture. Basil plants were separated into treated and control groups and grown hydroponically. The treated plants received a 30 second exposure treatment …

Modeling Forage Yield Losses For Crop Insurance In Eastern Canada, I. Duchesne‐Ortiz, Gilles Bélanger, L. Martel, Guy Allard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Tunnel Technology On Crop Productivity And Livelihood Of Smallholder Farmers In Nepal, Diwakar Kc, Dinesh Jamarkattel, Tek Maraseni, Dilip Nandwani, Pratibha Karki

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Technologies-based production practices are critical for agricultural growth and sustainable development in low-income countries like Nepal. In the last few years, tunnel house has been increasingly promoted as tools to enhance smallholder farmers’ livelihood and tackle climate adversaries. However, little is known about what factor determines its adoption and whether it helps smallholders adapt to climate change and experience better livelihood. We address these gaps using the cross-sectional survey data collected from 62 adopters and 92 non-adopters in three municipalities of Bagmati Province. We employed descriptive analysis and probit model and found out that age, farm size, and ethnicity strongly …

Characterization Of Resistance To Two Crambid Stem Borers Among Louisiana Sugarcane Cultivars, Leonardo D. Salgado

LSU Master's Theses

Cultivar resistance is a key management strategy for the stem borer complex (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Louisiana sugarcane, but mechanisms of resistance are not well understood. This research evaluated the potential mechanisms of cultivar resistance to Diatraea saccharalis and Eoreuma loftini among commercial sugarcane cultivars and experimental clones through a series of field screenings, greenhouse trials, and diet incorporation assays. The stem borer resistant standard HoCP 85-845 and cultivar L 01-299 were among the cultivars with the lowest borer injury levels in both field and greenhouse trials. Cultivars HoCP 00-950, L 12-201, and HoCP 14-885 were among the most heavily injured …

Taming A 'Wicked' Policy Problem: A Policy Overview Of Property Rights And Governance Of Africa's Rangelands, Esther Mwangi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Himalayan Rangelands Ecology And Animal Production Influenced By Changing Social And Economic Culture In Northern Areas Of Pakistan, Syed Hassan Raza

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

A Forage Book Of International Impact, Garry D. Lacefield, Donald M. Ball, Carl S. Hoveland, Donald L. Armstrong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Treatments On Fermentation Quality And Nutrition Ingredient Of Small Reed, Yusup Yusanjan, Ainiwaer Aishan, Guangwei Zhao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Nocturnal Pollination In Fruit Agriculture, Stephen Robertson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Insect pollination in agriculture provides as much as 35% of the global food supply and contributes hundreds of billions of dollars to the global economy each year. In the past 30 years, reports of declining populations of managed and wild bees, notably the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) and a wide array of bumble bees (Bombus spp.), have raised concerns about the stability and outlook of agriculture. At the same time, agricultural dependence on insect pollinators is increasing as greater percentages of land being converted to pollinator-dependent crops, such as soy and oil palm, than pollinator-independent crops, such as grains …

Establishment Of Pollinator Habitat Within A Livestock Pasture Ecosystem, Roshani Sharma Acharya

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Pollinators are important for fertilization, setting fruits, and seed development of more than 78% of the flowering plants that provide food for human beings and other species. Use of pollinators to maximize crop production is a proven agricultural practice; however, it has been less explored in livestock forage production systems. This study investigated pollinator abundance and diversity in pastures using different sampling methods and determined the impact of different pasture management practices on insect pollinators in a livestock pasture ecosystem. In Chapter 2, utility of four different colors of pan trap (blue, green, yellow, and purple) for sampling bees in …

Economically Optimal Nitrogen Side-Dressing Based On Vegetation Indices From Satellite Images Through On-Farm Experiments, Qianqian Du

Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Optimal N fertilizer rates for corn (Zea mays L.) vary substantially within and among fields, and by corn growth stages. Improving N side-dressing management can improve fertilizer use efficiency, farmers’ profitability, and the sustainability of crop production. The objective of this study is to introduce a framework along with a methodology that can find the site-specific economically optimal N rates (EONRs) within one field for a particular growing season. An on-farm experiment was conducted in the 2019 corn growing season. A base N rate was applied uniformly on the field. NDRE images from the Sentinel-2 satellite were observed during …

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Genetic Mechanisms Of Sugarcane Aphid Resistance In Grain Sorghum, Desalegn D. Serba, Xiaoxi Meng, James Schnable, Elfadil Bashir, J P. Michaud, P V. Vara Prasad, Ramasamy Perumal

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (SCA), has become a major pest of grain sorghum since its appearance in the USA. Several grain sorghum parental lines are moderately resistant to the SCA. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying this resistance are poorly understood, which has constrained breeding for improved resistance. RNA-Seq was used to conduct transcriptomics analysis on a moderately resistant genotype (TAM428) and a susceptible genotype (Tx2737) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance. Differential expression analysis revealed differences in transcriptomic profile between the two genotypes at multiple time points after infestation by SCA. Six gene …

Fostering A Climate-Smart Intensification For Oil Palm, Juan Pablo Monzon, Maja A. Slingerland, Suroso Rahutomo, Fahmuddin Agus, Thomas Oberthür, José F. Andrade, Antoine Couëdel, Juan I. Rattalino Edreira, Willem Hekman, Rob Van Den Beuken, Fandi Hidayat, Iput Pradiko, Dwi K.G. Purwantomo, Christopher R. Donough, Hendra Sugianto, Ya Li Lim, Thomas Farrell, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Oil palm production in Indonesia illustrates the intense pressure that exists worldwide to convert natural ecosystems to agricultural production. Oil palm production has increased because of expansion of cultivated area rather than due to average-yield increases. We used a data-rich modelling approach to investigate how intensification on existing plantations could help Indonesia meet palm oil demand while preserving fragile ecosystems. We found that average current yield represents 62% and 53% of the attainable yield in large and smallholder plantations, respectively. Narrowing yield gaps via improved agronomic management, together with a limited expansion that excludes fragile ecosystems, would save 2.6 million …

Developing A Lab-Scale Fluidized Bed Dryer System To Enhance Rough Rice Drying Process, Kaushik Luthra

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

For more than half of the world's population, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple meal. However, rice growers encounter difficulties supplying this demand, particularly in developing nations, where rice is susceptible to spoilage if the moisture content is not lowered to a safe level soon after harvest. As a result, traditional drying methods, such as sun drying and natural air drying, are commonly used by rice growers, particularly in underdeveloped nations. However, these procedures are time-consuming and can lead to rice spoilage. On the other hand, fluidized bed drying is a well-established technology that might give rice growers a …

Study On Drying Characteristic And Hay Quality Of Alfalfa In Different Hay Making Methods, Shiming Xue, Guilian Shan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.