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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
A Narrative On The Witch-Hunt Narrative: The Moral Dimensions, Frederic G. Reamer
A Narrative On The Witch-Hunt Narrative: The Moral Dimensions, Frederic G. Reamer
Faculty Publications
Ross Cheit’s The Witch-Hunt Narrative raises a number of complex moral issues. Cheit’s principal purpose is to challenge the belief that our society has overreacted to claims about the sexual abuse of children. Both directly and indirectly, Cheit’s in-depth analysis broaches moral concerns pertaining to the integrity of child abuse allegations, investigations, civil litigation, and criminal prosecution, with an emphasis on the mixed motives of the parties involved in key cases. This article provides an overview of ethical questions pertaining to gathering information from very vulnerable individuals, informed consent, institutional review, protection of research participants, the use of deception and …
Social Work Ethics In India: A Call For The Development Of Indigenized Ethical Standards, Frederic G. Reamer, Jayashree Nimmagadda
Social Work Ethics In India: A Call For The Development Of Indigenized Ethical Standards, Frederic G. Reamer, Jayashree Nimmagadda
Faculty Publications
In recent years, various professional associations in social work and regulatory bodies worldwide have engaged in ambitious efforts to draft and implement comprehensive ethics guidelines, standards, and education. For a variety of complex reasons, the social work profession in India has lagged behind developments in many other nations. The purpose of this article is to assess the current status of social work ethics in India, review relevant developments throughout the world, and present a blueprint to guide the development of much-needed indigenous ethical standards and education in India.
Don't Be Satisfied, Identify! Strengthening Positive Spillover By Connecting Pro-Environmental Behaviors To An "Environmentalist" Label, Katherine Lacasse
Don't Be Satisfied, Identify! Strengthening Positive Spillover By Connecting Pro-Environmental Behaviors To An "Environmentalist" Label, Katherine Lacasse
Faculty Publications
Theoretically, performing pro-environmental behaviors can lead to positive spillover (increased future pro-environmental behaviors or strengthened environmental attitudes) by increasing someone’s acceptance of an environmental self-identity, or negative spillover by alleviating guilt motivations which fuel some environmental actions. Labeling someone an “environmentalist” in connection to performance of pro-environmental behaviors could strengthen the positive spillover route through emphasizing environmental self-identity rather than guilt reduction. In Study 1, participants perceiving that they performed many pro-environmental behaviors reported greater environmental self-identity strengthening their environmental attitudes, but simultaneously reported a reduction in guilt weakening their environmental attitudes. Since both positive spillover and negative spillover routes …
The Importance Of Being Green: The Influence Of Green Behaviors On Americans' Political Attitudes Toward Climate Change., Katherine Lacasse
The Importance Of Being Green: The Influence Of Green Behaviors On Americans' Political Attitudes Toward Climate Change., Katherine Lacasse
Faculty Publications
Two studies investigated whether performing green behaviors may influence people’s political attitudes regarding climate change. A survey study revealed that self-reported green behaviors indirectly predicted American participants’ political attitudes regarding climate change, and that this relationship was mediated by their green self-perceptions. This relationship was relatively stronger for conservatives than for liberals. An experimental study included two conditions: One which led people to perceive that they often performed green behaviors and another that led them to perceive that they failed to perform green behaviors. Political-orientation was found to moderate the effect of green behavior perceptions on ratings of the importance …
Going With Your Gut: How William James' Theory Of Emotions Brings Insights To Risk Perception And Decision Making Research, Katherine Lacasse
Going With Your Gut: How William James' Theory Of Emotions Brings Insights To Risk Perception And Decision Making Research, Katherine Lacasse
Faculty Publications
The basic premise of William James’ theory of emotions - that bodily changes lead to emotional feelings - ignited debate about the relative importance of bodily processes and cognitive appraisals in determining emotions. Similarly, theories of risk perception have been expanding to include emotional and physiological processes along with cognitive processes. Taking a closer look at Principles of Psychology, this article examines how James’ propositions support and extend current research risk perceptions and decision making. Specifically, James (1) described emotional feelings and their related cognitions in ways similar to current dual processing models; (2) defended the proposition that emotions and …
Evolving Ethical Standards In The Digital Age, Frederic G. Reamer
Evolving Ethical Standards In The Digital Age, Frederic G. Reamer
Faculty Publications
Ethical standards in social work have matured significantly since the formal inauguration of the profession in the late 19th century. This article traces the global evolution of ethical standards in social work, focusing especially on current challenges in the digital age. The author discusses changes over time in social workers’ understanding of ethical issues and development of conceptual frameworks and protocols for managing them. Social workers’ increasing use of digital technology poses novel and unprecedented ethical challenges pertaining to privacy, confidentiality, informed consent, professional boundaries, conflicts of interest, documentation, client abandonment, and professionalism, among others. The article outlines emerging ethical …
Clinical Social Work In A Digital Environment: Ethical And Risk-Management Challenges, Frederic G. Reamer
Clinical Social Work In A Digital Environment: Ethical And Risk-Management Challenges, Frederic G. Reamer
Faculty Publications
Clinical social workers’ use of digital and other technology to provide distance counseling services is proliferating. Increasing numbers of contemporary practitioners are using video counseling, email chat, social networking websites, text messaging, smartphone apps, avatar-based websites, self-guided web-based interventions, and other technology to provide clinical services to clients, some of whom they may never meet in person. The advent of this technology has produced a wide range of ethical challenges related to social workers’ application of traditional social work ethics concepts: client informed consent; client privacy and confidentiality; boundaries and dual relationships; conflicts of interest; practitioner competence; records and documentation; …
Visual Attention And Behavior Under Positive Stereotypes, Sathiarith Chau
Visual Attention And Behavior Under Positive Stereotypes, Sathiarith Chau
Master's Theses, Dissertations, Graduate Research and Major Papers Overview
Afrocentricity bias occurs when Black individuals with dark skin, wide nose, and large lips are associated with certain negative and positive traits (e.g., criminality and athleticism) compared to those with Eurocentric features (i.e., light skin, narrow nose, thin lips). In racial bias research, inhibition of biased responses is common. The current study employed positive stereotypes associated with Blacks and Whites (physical and verbal ability, respectively) in order to link implicit behavior (visual attention) to explicit behavior. Participants selected, from an array of two faces, the best candidate for a team requiring either physical strength or verbal ability. Stereotypes did not …
The Evolution Of Social Work Ethics: Bearing Witness, Frederic G. Reamer
The Evolution Of Social Work Ethics: Bearing Witness, Frederic G. Reamer
Faculty Publications
The evolution of ethical standards in social work, and conceptual frameworks for examining ethical issues, is among the most compelling developments in the history of the profession. Since the formal inauguration of social work in the late nineteenth century, the profession has moved from relatively simplistic and moralistic perspectives to conceptually rich analyses of ethical issues and ethical guidelines. This article examines the evolution of social work ethics from the profession’s earliest days and speculates about future challenges and directions.
Stress Response And Emotional Security In The Intergeneration Transmission Of Depressive Symptoms, Kristen Wilkinson
Stress Response And Emotional Security In The Intergeneration Transmission Of Depressive Symptoms, Kristen Wilkinson
Honors Projects
Few studies have examined possible explanations (i.e., examining mediators) as to why depressive symptoms are transmitted from mothers to adolescents, as well as neglected to consider which adolescents are most vulnerable to this transmission (i.e., examining moderators). Thus, the aim of this study is to focus on stress reactivity as a moderator of the transmission of depression from mothers to adolescents through emotional insecurity. Ninetythree mother-adolescent dyads were examined, with adolescents between the ages of 13 to 17. Data was collected in the home through surveys, a mother-adolescent interaction task and physiological measures from the adolescent to examine stress response. …
The Effect Of Facial Attractiveness On Recognition Memory, Brandon M. Desimone
The Effect Of Facial Attractiveness On Recognition Memory, Brandon M. Desimone
Honors Projects
The ability to recognize the faces of others has been significant throughout human history. The in-group and out-group bias show that humans remember more faces of people in their own group in most circumstances. This study focused on gender of perceiver and target effects in recognition when faces vary in attractiveness. There were 15 white male and 15 white female participants who engaged in a facial recognition task with a manipulation of target attractiveness. This consisted of the participant encoding 15 male and 15 female computer generated faces for future recognition. The participants saw the same 30 faces randomly mixed …
Bodily Influences On Emotional Feelings: Accumulating Evidence And Extensions Of William James’ Theory Of Emotion, Katherine Lacasse, James D. Laird
Bodily Influences On Emotional Feelings: Accumulating Evidence And Extensions Of William James’ Theory Of Emotion, Katherine Lacasse, James D. Laird
Faculty Publications
William James’ theory of emotion has been controversial since its inception, and a basic analysis of Cannon’s (1927) critique is provided. Research on the impact of facial expressions, expressive behaviors, and visceral responses on emotional feelings are each reviewed. A good deal of evidence supports James’ theory that these types of bodily feedback, along with perceptions of situational cues, are each important parts of emotional feelings. Extensions to James’ theory are also reviewed, including evidence of individual differences in the effect of bodily responses on emotional experience.
Addressing The "Go Green" Debate: Initiatives That Encourage Small Green Behaviors And Their Political Spillover Effects, Katherine Lacasse
Addressing The "Go Green" Debate: Initiatives That Encourage Small Green Behaviors And Their Political Spillover Effects, Katherine Lacasse
Faculty Publications
While there are numerous supporters of initiatives that promote small green behaviors, there are also critics who debate the effectiveness of these actions in addressing global climate change. The critics claim that people often choose to perform easy green behaviors to rationalize their inaction in other ways, which is detrimental to garnering support for political action. The supporters emphasize the cumulative effects of small green behaviors, including the likelihood of these actions spilling over into further green behaviors as well as greater political concern about climate change. The relationship between green behaviors and political attitudes should be considered more closely, …
Distance And Online Social Work Education: Novel Ethical Challenges, Frederic G. Reamer
Distance And Online Social Work Education: Novel Ethical Challenges, Frederic G. Reamer
Faculty Publications
Digital technology has transformed social work education. Today’s students can take individual courses and earn an entire degree without ever meeting their faculty members in person. Technological innovations such as videoconferencing, live online chat, asynchronous podcasts, and webinars enable social work educators to reach students whose personal circumstances and geographical locations make it difficult for them to attend school in person. This paper highlights complex ethical issues associated with the proliferation of digital and online social work education. Key ethical issues concern student access; course and degree program quality and integrity; academic honesty and gatekeeping; and privacy and surveillance.
Biased Visual Attention To Out-Group Members' Skin Tone Does Not Lead To Discriminatory Behavior, Sathiarith Chau
Biased Visual Attention To Out-Group Members' Skin Tone Does Not Lead To Discriminatory Behavior, Sathiarith Chau
Honors Projects
According to the racial phenotype theory, the extent to which members resemble or depart from the physical prototype of a particular race will determine how strongly the perceiver associates them with preconceived racial stereotypes. For Blacks, skin color was predicted to be a primary feature attended to and those with dark skin were more negatively stereotyped. The current study aimed to explicitly measure visual attention during judgment of faces through the use of eye-tracking. Past methodologies measuring the attention to skin tone and its relationship to stereotype judgment were not directly measured. The study used a mixed model design: Label …
Explicit Weight Biases Are Curvilinear: Testing Pathogen Avoidance, Intergroup Relations And Socialization Theories., Lauren Chaunt
Explicit Weight Biases Are Curvilinear: Testing Pathogen Avoidance, Intergroup Relations And Socialization Theories., Lauren Chaunt
Honors Projects
The present study builds on research (Malloy et al. 2011) that weight bias is best fit by a curvilinear function, that is; trait judgments should vary significantly as a function of weight. More weight bias should be elicited by those body types at extreme weights (i.e., skeletally thin and morbidly obese). Targets at such extreme weights were included to adequately test a new theoretical model of weight bias termed the Pathogen Avoidance Theory. Other theories of weight bias were also considered; Socialization and Intergroup Relations. Participants were presented with six female body types varying in weight and were then asked …
Stereological Assessment Of The Thalamus In A Rat Model Of Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia, Jason Lennox
Stereological Assessment Of The Thalamus In A Rat Model Of Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia, Jason Lennox
Honors Projects
Malformations of neocortical development such as microgyria (MG) and periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) have been observed in the brains of language learning impaired (LLI) humans. Rats with MG have shown rapid auditory processing (RAP) deficits similar to acoustic deficits observed in some human LLI populations. Threlkeld et al., (2009) previously reported RAP and other learning impairments in rats with PNH resulting from disruption to embryonic neuronal cell division by way of Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) treatment on embryonic day 15 (E15). The thalamus and its subnuclei may be vulnerable to neurodevelopmental disruptions. Studies of MG rats have shown changes in cell size …
An Opposing Self, Christine M. Gamache
An Opposing Self, Christine M. Gamache
Master's Theses, Dissertations, Graduate Research and Major Papers Overview
People have always been both frightened and fascinated by the unknown, and themes touching on the existence of things beyond human understanding have longevity in the literary arena as well as in popular culture. One such theme is that of the doppelgänger, or double, which has been around for centuries but was first made popular by Jean-Paul’s (Johann Paul Friedrich Richter) work Hesperus in 1795. Due to a resurgence in the nineteenth century in the popularity of Gothic literature, doppelgängers, or variations of this double motif, found their way into some of the most famous works of literature …
Beyond The Black Horizon, Aaron Bruce
Beyond The Black Horizon, Aaron Bruce
Master's Theses, Dissertations, Graduate Research and Major Papers Overview
Although U.S. colleges and universities continue to discuss creative ways to increase the number of African American collegians participating in study abroad, this research is limited when revealing the unique perspectives of African American collegians who have studied abroad. Traditionally an emphasis on program success has been placed on the quantity of study abroad participants rather than the quality of African American student support and engagement; the personal reflections through the lens of African American race and identity are often overlooked. A series of culturally responsive, guided interviews were conducted with African American collegians from a variety of institutions across …
Predicting Police Discretion: A Traffic Stop Analysis, Andrew Girard
Predicting Police Discretion: A Traffic Stop Analysis, Andrew Girard
Honors Projects
Examines Donald Black's (1976) theory of pure sociology with data from traffic stops collected over eight months during seventy hours of "ride alongs" with eight different police departments in Rhode Island. Posits that the social structure of each traffic stop is predictable based on observable characteristics of the parties involved and that distance in social space increases the likelihood of a police officer issuing a citation to a driver, while social characteristics similar to that of the police officer reduces the likelihood of a driver receiving a citation. Twenty-one variables throught to impact a police officer's discretion are analyzed. As …
Can Leadership Be Developed By Applying Leadership Theories? : An Examination Of Three Theory-Based Approaches To Leadership Development, Joshua C. Laguerre
Can Leadership Be Developed By Applying Leadership Theories? : An Examination Of Three Theory-Based Approaches To Leadership Development, Joshua C. Laguerre
Honors Projects
Investigates the possibility of leadership development by application of leadership theory. Through a critical literature review, examines empirical studies utilizing three development approaches: Fiedler's Contingency Model, Burns and Bass's Transformational Leadership Theory, and Avolio's Authentic Leadership Theory. Concludes that, while leadership can be generated employing any of these theories, an overall framework for developing leadership is lacking. Presents a possible framework, based on the transformational and authentic leadership models.
An Empathetic Approach To Physical Education Teacher Education, Tony Monahan
An Empathetic Approach To Physical Education Teacher Education, Tony Monahan
Master's Theses, Dissertations, Graduate Research and Major Papers Overview
Based on the theory that a more student-centered approach in physical education classes might encourage more students to engage in lifelong physical activity and, thereby, lead a healthier life, this study was undertaken to determine the effect of a semester-long empathy-focused educational intervention on empathy levels in 59 college-level students studying in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) Programs at three East-coast universities. ANCOVA results revealed statistically significant findings in "Higher Order" empathy levels in the experimental groups, and analysis of essays written for the study also suggested a change in experimental group subjects' personal view of PE toward an empathetic …
Nietzsche's Ubermensch In The Hyperreal Flux, Anthony Pate
Nietzsche's Ubermensch In The Hyperreal Flux, Anthony Pate
Master's Theses, Dissertations, Graduate Research and Major Papers Overview
Analyzes how Nietzsche's philosophy of the Ubermensch and Baudrillard's ideas about simulation and hyperreality apply to the journeys undertaken by the protagonists of the films, Blade Runner, Fight Club, and Miami Vice. Explores how the protagonists adapt and master their unique worlds through self-awareness, self-reliance, and strength resulting from radical self-exposure to hardship.
Hip-Hop Futurism: Remixing Afrofuturism And The Hermeneutics Of Identity, Chuck Galli
Hip-Hop Futurism: Remixing Afrofuturism And The Hermeneutics Of Identity, Chuck Galli
Honors Projects
Examines the phenomenon of futuristic hip-hop works and explores the Afrofuturist, surrealist, and postmodern cultural practices of the African diaspora which informed these works.
Recommendations For Providing Competent Nursing Care To Individuals With Pervasive Developmental Disorders And Their Families, Christopher Harrigan
Recommendations For Providing Competent Nursing Care To Individuals With Pervasive Developmental Disorders And Their Families, Christopher Harrigan
Honors Projects
Identifies some of the major nursing implications described by parents of children diagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Presents data compiled from questionnaires distributed to parents and the resulting recommendations for providing competent nursing care to affected children and their families.
The Narration Of Collective Trauma, Kalina M. Brabeck, Ricardo Ansilie
The Narration Of Collective Trauma, Kalina M. Brabeck, Ricardo Ansilie
Faculty Publications
The 1998 murder of African American James Byrd, Jr., in Jasper, Texas, activated narrative strategies within the community that sought to give coherence to, or otherwise appropriate and utilize this trauma for a variety of purposes. Via interviews with community civic and religious leaders, and analysis of their public statements to the media, this article uses psychoanalytic and anthropological frameworks to examine the psychological and structural needs to narrate trauma; struggles over whose narrative holds sway; the emerging "story" that Jasper presented to the world in an attempt to define itself and narrate what transpired and why; and implications for …
Living With Dying: Grief And Consolation In The Middle English Pearl, Karen A. Sylvia
Living With Dying: Grief And Consolation In The Middle English Pearl, Karen A. Sylvia
Honors Projects
Analyzes the themes of grief and consolation in the Middle English poem, Pearl, and compares this work to Boethius's The Consolation of Philosophy and Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess. Applies the five psychological stages of grieving identified by Kubler-Ross to the poem's Dreamer and concludes that, at the poem's end, the Dreamer has failed to finish the grieving process.
A Study Of Mental Illness As A Causal Factor In Recidivism Among Adult Inmates At The Adult Correctional Institutions Of Rhode Island, Amanda M. Nadeau
A Study Of Mental Illness As A Causal Factor In Recidivism Among Adult Inmates At The Adult Correctional Institutions Of Rhode Island, Amanda M. Nadeau
Honors Projects
Examines the impact of mental illness on criminal recidivism, using samples of offenders at the Adult Correctional Institutions of Rhode Island. Compares adjusted groups of mentally ill and non-mentally ill offenders in terms of reincarceration rates, substance abuse, and infractions committed while incarcerated at the A.C.I.
Honoring And Utilizing The Preoperational Thinkers' Artistic Processes In Art Education, J. B. Paquette
Honoring And Utilizing The Preoperational Thinkers' Artistic Processes In Art Education, J. B. Paquette
Master's Theses, Dissertations, Graduate Research and Major Papers Overview
Examines the relationship between thought processes and artmaking in preoperational learners (children from about two to seven years of age). Suggests that these children learn and communicate in the art room in a natural, revelatory, and quite ephemeral, way. Includes a sample art lesson plan for preoperational learners and investigates ways to connect with children's youthful thought processes in elementary art instruction.
Psychoanalysis And The Problem Of Evil, Barbara A. Schapiro
Psychoanalysis And The Problem Of Evil, Barbara A. Schapiro
Faculty Publications
Since "evil" has become a term much in vogue in our current political climate, it seems ever more important to explore its psychic meanings and origins. What, first of all, do analysts and therapists mean by the word "evil"? The grandiosity of the term, as well as its traditionally religious connotations, perhaps make it unsuited to the therapeutic context. As Ruth Stein (2002) has commented, "Evil' may sound too allegorical or too concrete, too essentialist or too objective for psychoanalytic ways of thinking that are oriented towards the study of individual subjectivity" (394).