Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Influence Of High Glycemic Index And Glycemic Load Diets On Blood Pressure During Adolescence, Bamini Gopinath, Victoria M. Flood, Elena Rochtchina, Louise A. Baur, Wayne Smith, Paul Mitchell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We aimed to prospectively examine the association between the glycemic index and glycemic load of foods consumed and the dietary intakes of carbohydrates, sugars, fiber, and principal carbohydrate-containing food groups (eg, breads, cereals, and sugary drinks) with changes in blood pressure during adolescence. A total of 858 students aged 12 years at baseline (422 girls and 436 boys) were examined from 2004-2005 to 2009-2011. Dietary data were assessed from validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. Blood pressure was measured using a standard protocol. In girls, after adjusting for age, ethnicity, parental education, parental history of hypertension, baseline height, baseline blood pressure, …

Dietary Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinus Edodes) Prevents Fat Deposition And Lowers Triglyceride In Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet, D Handayani, J-Z Chen, Barbara J. Meyer, Xu-Feng Huang

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

High-fat diet (HFD) induces obesity. This study examined the effects of Shiitake mushroom on the prevention of alterations of plasma lipid profiles, fat deposition, energy efficiency, and body fat index induced by HFD. Rats were given a low, medium, and high (7, 20, 60 g/kg = LD-M, MD-M, HD-M) Shiitake mushroom powder in their high-fat (50% in kcal) diets for 6 weeks. The results showed that the rats on the HD-M diet had the lowest body weight gain compared to MD-M and LD-M groups (P < 0.05). The total fat deposition was significantly lower (-35%, P < 0.05) in rats fed an HD-M diet than that of HFD group. Interestingly, plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) level was significantly lower (-55%, P < 0.05) in rats on HD-M than HFD. This study also revealed the existence of negative correlations between the amount of Shiitake mushroom supplementation and body weight gain, plasma TAG, and total fat masses.

Improvement Of Jc By Cold High Pressure Densification Of Binary, 18-Filament In Situ Mgb2 Wires, Md S. Hossain, C Senatore, M Rindfleisch, R Flukiger

Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Education) - Papers

No abstract provided.

Effects Of High And Low Breast Support On Breast Kinematics And Kinetics During Treadmill Running, Deirdre Mcghee, Julie R. Steele, William J. Zealey

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Results: The mean vertical component of the peak bra/breast spring force during treadmill running was greatest during the downward breast trajectory and was approximately 30% less in the high breast support condition (13 N ± 7 N) compared to the low support condition (17 N ± 10 N). This force reduction was accompanied by a 300% decrease in breast and bra discomfort. Conclusion: Wearing a well-fitted supportive sports bra is recommended for females with large breasts to reduce the breast forces and, in tum, exercise induced breast and bra discomfort during physical activity such as treadmill running.

The Effect Of Exercise On The Skeletal Muscle Phospholipidome Of Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet, Todd W. Mitchell, N. Turner, Paul Else, Anthony J. Hulbert, John Hawley, Jong Sam Lee, Clinton Bruce, Stephen J. Blanksby

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of endurance training on skeletal muscle phospholipid molecular species from high-fat fed rats. Twelve female Sprague- Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (78.1% energy). The rats were randomly divided into two groups, a sedentary control group and a trained group (125 min of treadmill running at 8 m/min, 4 days/wk for 4 weeks). Forty-eight hours after their last training bout phospholipids were extracted from the red and white vastus lateralis and analyzed by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Exercise training was associated with significant alterations in the relative abundance of a …

High Plantar-Flexor Passive Stiffness Increases Achilles Tendon Loading During Landings, John Whitting, Julie R. Steele, Deirdre Mcghee, Bridget J. Munro

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Effect Of High Amylose Maize Starches On Colonic Fermentation And Apoptotic Response To Dna-Damage In The Colon Of Rats, Ian L. Brown, Richard K. Le Leu, Graeme P. Young, Ying Hu

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

We investigated in rats the effects of feeding different forms of high amylose maize starches (HAMS) rich in resistant starch (RS) to understand what the implications of RS heterogeneity might be for colonic biology, including innate cellular responses to DNA-damage.

Methods

A range of maize starches were compared: digestible cornstarch (Control), HYLON^® VII, Hi-maize^® 1043, Hi-maize^® 240, Hi-maize^® 260 and NOVELOSE^® 330. Included in the comparison was Cellulose. End-points after 4 weeks included: pH, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) levels, colonic epithelial cell kinetics and apoptotic response to carcinogen 'azoxymethane' in the colonic epithelium. …

Cannabis-Induced Psychotic-Like Experiences Are Predicted By High Schizotypy. Confirmation Of Preliminary Results In A Large Cohort., John Stirling, Emma Barkus, L Nabosi, S Irshad, G Roemer, B Schreudergoidheijt, Shon Lewis

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Cannabis use has been identified as a possible risk factor for developing schizophrenia. In a previous paper we reported preliminary evidence that cannabis use increases the likelihood of psychosis-like experiences in non-clinical respondents who scored highly on a measure of schizotypy. We now present findings from pooled data from 3 new follow-up studies comprising a sample of 477 respondents, of whom 332 reported using cannabis at least once. Sampling and Methods: As in our previous study, the psychological effects of cannabis were assessed with the Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire, from which 3 subscales can be derived; encompassing pleasurable experiences, psychosis-like …

Two High-Amylose Maize Starches With Different Amounts Of Resistant Starch Vary In Their Effects On Fermentation, Tissue And Digesta Mass Accretion, And Bacterial Populations In The Large Bowel Of Pigs, Anthony R. Bird, Michelle Vuaran, Ian L. Brown, David L. Topping

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Four groups of young pigs (n 6) were fed a diet containing 50 % maize starch as either a highly digestible waxy starch (control; 0 % amylose) or one of three resistant starch (RS) diets, namely a high-amylose maize starch (HAMS; 85 % amylose), this starch subjected to hydrothermal treatment (HTHAMS; 85 % amylose), or a blend of HAMS and HTHAMS included in equal amounts, for 21 d. Food intake and live weight at the end of the study were similar among the four groups. Ileal starch digestibility was lower in pigs fed the three RS diets but was …

Low-Dose/High-Concentration Localized Botulinum Toxin A Improves Upper Limb Movement And Function In Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy, Kevin Lowe, Iona Novak, Anne Cusick

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The objective was to determine the effects of low-dose, highconcentration, dual localized botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections on upper limb movement quality and function. Study design was an evaluator-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Forty-two children (31 males, 11 females; range 2–8y, mean 4y [SD 1.6]) with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System level I)participated. All received occupational therapy. The treatment group (n=21) received one injection series (mean muscles injected 6 [SD 1.05]; total dose 82–220 units, mean 139 [SD 37.48]; dilution 100 units/0.5ml). Primary outcome of Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) at 6 months was not significant …

Cannabis-Induced Psychosis-Like Experiences Are Associated With High Schizotypy, Emma Barkus, John Stirling, Richard Hopkins, Shon Lewis

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have suggested that cannabis use is a risk factor for developing schizophrenia. We tested the hypothesis that cannabis use increases the likelihood of psychosis-like experiences in non-clinical participants who scored highly on a measure of schizotypy. METHOD: The psychological effects of cannabis were assessed in 137 healthy individuals (76% female, mean age 22 years) using a newly developed questionnaire concerned with subjective experiences of the drug: the Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire. The questionnaire has three subscales: Pleasurable Experiences, Psychosis-Like Experiences and After-Effects. Respondents also completed the brief Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. RESULTS: Cannabis use was reported by 72% of …

Low And High Trait Impulsiveness In The Stop-Signal Task: Underlying Differences In Erps But Not Performance, Aneta Dimoska, Stuart J. Johnstone

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Self-Esteem And Academic Achievement In High Ability Students: Evidence From The Wollongong Youth Study., Wilma Vialle, Patrick C. L. Heaven, Joseph Ciarrochi

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement is one that is regarded by many educators as a well-established fact. This belief has been often invoked in order to argue against the provision of ability grouping for gifted students. Refuting that commonly-held belief, this research examined the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement in 65 high-ability secondary students, a sample drawn from a longitudinal study of over 900 students. The research demonstrated that there were no differences in measured selfesteem between the gifted and non-gifted students. More contentiously, though, the research found no correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement for the …

Cooking Attenuates The Ability Of High-Amylose Meals To Reduce Plasma Insulin Concentrations In Rats, Marc A. Brown, Leonard H. Storlien, Ian L. Brown, J Higgins

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Help-Seeking Patterns For Suicidal And Non-Suicidal Problems In Two High School Samples, Coralie J. Wilson, Joseph V. Ciarrochi, Debra Rickwood, Frank P. Deane

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Few distressed young people seek professional psychological help for either personal-emotional problems or suicidal ideation. This paper describes two studies that have examined help-seeking patterns in two contrasting high school populations. Two hundred and sixty four Il1awarra public high school students and 307 Queensland private high school students completed a questionnaire measuring intentions to seek help from a variety of fonnal and informal sources, in addition to no-one for personal-emotional and suicidal problems. Students in both samples indicated they would seek help from different sources of help for different problem types, but friends were rated as the most likely source …